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Detection of Pathogenic Leptospires in Rat and Shallow Populations and Its Spatial Distribution in Bakaran Kulon Village, Pati District Dyah Widiastuti; Nova Pramestuti; Zumrotus Sholichah; Endang Setiani; Raden Ludhang P Rizki
Insights in Public Health Journal Vol 2 No 1 (2021): Insights in Public Health Journal
Publisher : Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.iphj.2021.2.1.4979

Background In tropical areas, Leptospirosis is still considered a public health problem, particularly in the event of heavy rainfall and flooding. Transmission of leptospira bacteria from infected animals, such as rats, takes place through the urine or blood. Different serovar leptospires can be found in different reservoir animals in the field. However, research on the presence of pathogenic leptospires in rats in Pati Regency, one of the areas with leptospirosis cases in Central Java, is very limited. Objectives: The purpose of this research is to identify Leptospira characteristics. Spp in rat and its distribution in Pati Regency. Methods: Rat capture was carried out in Bakaran Kulon Village in Pati Regency. Detection of pathogenic leptospires was carried out using the ropB gene and followed by phylogenetic analysis. As additional details, a buffer analysis was carried out to measure the distance between the positions of cases of leptospira and positive rats positions. Results: Pathogenic were found in 11.76% (2/17) of rats and shallows in the area of study. Based on DNA leptospires sequencing, Leptospira found in Bakaran Kulon Village Pati Regency were Leptospira interrogans serovar Bataviae and Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Ballum, both of which are pathogenic. Based on a buffer analysis, Leptospira-positive rat was found around cases of leptospirosis at distances of 30 and 60 m. Conclusion: This study shows that Leptospira spp. in rats found around the location of leptospirosis cases, which indicates that rats have great potential as transmitters of leptospirosis to humans.

SPOT SURVEI LEPTOSPIROSIS DI KECAMATAN NGEMPLAK DAN NOGOSARI, KABUPATEN BOYOLALI, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH Nova Pramestuti; Bina Ikawati; Dyah Widiastuti
Kesmas Indonesia Vol 7 No 1 (2014): Jurnal Kesmas Indonesia
Publisher : Jurusan Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (199.472 KB)

ABSTRACTIn 2013 there were three leptospirosis cases reported in Boyolali. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of leptospirosis including cases overview aboutperson, place and time, transmission history, the trap success in catching mice and rats, and species of Leptospira infected rodent in Ngemplak and Nogosari district, Boyolali. This study was a cross sectional study. Rodent traping conducted at three locations with leptospirosis cases in Ngemplak and Nogosari District, Boyolali, in April 2013. A total of 300 traps wereinstalled, 2 traps inside and 2 traps outside for each house during three days. The trapped mice and rats were identified, counted their population density and their kidneys were taken for Leptospira examainationusingPCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) assay. Data were processed and analyzed descriptively, presented in a frequency distribution form. The result showed that transmission of leptospirosis may occured around the case’ house, the river and rice fields. The highest rodentsuccess trapwas found in KismoyosoVillage (14 %). Rat species which were found consisted of R.tanezumi, and R. indica Bandicota argentiventer, there was no rat kidney samples infected with Leptospira bacteria according to PCR assay. Leptospirosis transmission in Boyolali should be noteddue to the high rat trap success and the location which was closed to the river . Key words: Survey,leptospirosis, rats Kesmasindo, Volume 7( 1 )Juli 2014, Hal 63-70

FORMULASI RODENTISIDA NABATI PAPAIN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGENDALI MENCIT Nova Pramestuti; Corry Laura Junita Sianturi; Bina Ikawati; Agus W Anggara
Vektora : Jurnal Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit Vol 10 No 2 (2018): Vektora : Jurnal vektor dan reservoir penyakit
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit (B2P2VRP) Salatiga

Rats as reservoirs of zoonotic diseases. Rodenticides are commonly used for control of rats. They can beextremely harmful to humans, not only kill rats and other rodents, but also kill their predators. Therefore, usingnatural rodenticide may be a better alternative. Combination of papain and salt can kill rats more quickly. Theaim of this study was to make a proportion of natural rodenticide appropriately to control mice with papain asactive ingredient. A quasi-experiment with post-test only with control group design was used in the study. There were four treatment used in this study i.e treatment A (papain 16%), B (papain 24%), C (papain 32%), and D (papain 40%). Each was mixed with corn, wheat, soy, caramel, papain product for the brand “X” (consist ofpapain, salt, sugar), paraffin, corn oil and refined sugar. Rodenticides given to mice for seven days, feed intakeand death of mice were observed every day. The results showed that mice death were decreased in corcondantwith increasing the concentration of papain product for the brand “X”, after rodenticide treatment. There is asignificant difference in mortality rate of mice among various rodenticide formulations (p-value<0.05), withthe most significant differences in treatment A and D. Feed proportion which contains papain product for thebrand “X” 40% can be used as an alternative to make natural rodenticide with the highest mortality.

BLASTOCYSTIS HOMINIS: PROTOZOA USUS POTENSIAL PENYEBAB DIARE Nova Pramestuti; Dewi Saroh
Sel Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan Vol 4 No 1 (2017): SEL Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Aceh

Blastocystis hominis merupakan protozoa usus yang sering menyebabkan diare dan manifestasi gastrointestinal seperti nyeri perut, muntah, dan perut kembung. Penularan melalui makanan dan air yang terkontaminasi oleh kista dengan rute oral-fekal. Manifestasi klinis baru timbul ketika sistem imun dalam tubuh menurun. Prevalensi Blastocystis hominis lebih tinggi pada negara berkembang terkait dengan kebersihan diri yang kurang, paparan dari binatang, dan konsumsi air minum yang terkontaminasi parasit. Blastocystis hominis dapat menginfeksi tubuh manusia secara tunggal atau terdapat parasit lain yang juga menginfeksi. Penularan Blastocystis hominis dari manusia ke manusia lain dapat dicegah dengan menjaga kebersihan perorangan, kebersihan fasilitas umum, mencegah kontaminasi feses dalam makanan dan air, mengupas dan mencuci buah dan sayuran mentah. Blastocystis hominis is an intestinal protozoa that causes diarrhea and gastrointestinal manifestations such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and flatulence. Transmission is through food and water contaminated by cysts with faecal–oral route. Clinical manifestations emerge when the body immune system is low. High prevalence of Blastocystis infection has been reported in developing countries associated with poor personal hygiene, animal exposure, and contaminated water consumption with parasite. Human were infected with a single species of parasite (Blastocystis hominis) or multiple infection with other parasite. Transmission of Blastocystis hominis from human to human can be prevented by maintaining individual hygiene; public sanitation; and preventing oro-fecal contamination; peeling and washing raw fruits and vegetables.

UJI ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK JAHE MERAH (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) TERHADAP STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS Dyah Widiastuti; Nova Pramestuti
Sel Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan Vol 5 No 2 (2018): SEL Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Aceh

Infeksi Staphylococcus aureus menjadi masalah yang serius saat ini karena meningkatnya resistensi bakteri terhadap berbagai jenis antibiotik (Multi Drug Resistance/ MDR). Meluasnya resistensi bakteri terhadap obat-obatan yang ada, mendorong pentingnya upaya untuk menemukan langkah alternatif dengan pemberian obat-obatan pencegah penyakit infeksi dari bahan alam. Ekstrak jahe merah dikaji aktivitas anti mikroba terhadap S. aureus. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji coba kontrol yang sepenuhnya acak dengan lima ulangan. Dalam penelitian ini hanya terdiri dari satu faktor saja, yaitu pemberikan ekstrak jahe merah dengan menggunakan taraf/ level: 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% dan 100%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) pada konsentrasi 100% memberikan penghambatan tertinggi terhadap pertumbuhan S. aureus (12,54 ± 0,76 mm). Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak rimpang jahe dikategorikan lemah dalam menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus. Nowadays Staphylococcus aureus infection becomes a serious problem due to increased bacterial resistance to various types of antibiotics (Multi Drug Resistance/ MDR). Widespread bacterial resistance to existing drugs, prompting the importance of efforts to find alternative measures by administering medicines to prevent infection from natural substances. Red ginger extract was investigated for the antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus. This study used completely randommized control trial with three replications. The first factor was the tested microbe and the second was the fresh extract of the ginger rhizome. The result showed that fresh extract of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) at concentration 100% gave the highest inhibition to the growth of S. aureus (12.54± mm). The antibacterial activity of ginger rhizome extract is categorized as weak in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus.

JENIS DAN BAHAN DASAR TEMPAT PERKEMBANGBIAKAN VEKTOR DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) DI KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA Nova Pramestuti; Ulfah Farida Trisnawati
BALABA: JURNAL LITBANG PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT BERSUMBER BINATANG BANJARNEGARA Volume 9 Nomor 1 Juni 2013
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Banjarnegara Badan Litbangkes Kemenkes RI

ABSTRACT. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by the Dengue virus and transmitted by the bite of Aedes sp. In 2009-2010 in the District Banjarnegara dengue cases increased. In 2009-2010, in Banjarnegara district which reported increased of DHF cases. Research objectives were to obtain information on water reservoirs (TPA) as a breeding Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus by type and basic materials, landfill as a breeding Ae. aegypti and Ae. Dengue virus positive albopictus species and basic materials. The objective of this study was to get information about containers (TPA) as a breeding places of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus and which Dengue virus infection based on their types and main material. The study was conducted in Kuta Banjarnegara and Parakan Canggah sub district, Wanadadi, Klampok, Singamerta dan Tapen village Banjarnegara district in May to Agust 2012. Larval survey were done around 100 meters of DHF cases with local transmission. Bath, buckets, and refrigerator tray were breeding place type of Ae. aegypti which more founded. Indoor container and used goods were breeding place of Ae. aegypti infected with Dengue virus. Buckets, old tires, used goods and leaf midrib were breeding place of Ae. albopictus which more founded. Refrigerator tray was breeding place of Ae. albopictus infected with Dengue virus. Most of the breeding place Ae. aegypti were made of plastics, ceramics, and cement. Breeding place of Ae. aegypti infected with Dengue virus were made of plastic, ceramic, glass, and rubber . Breeding place of Ae. albopictus and infected with Dengue virus were made of plastic

Kondisi Filariasis Pasca Pengobatan Massal di Kelurahan Pabean Kecamatan Pekalongan Utara Kota Pekalongan Bondan Fajar Wahyudi; Nova Pramestuti
BALABA: JURNAL LITBANG PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT BERSUMBER BINATANG BANJARNEGARA Volume 12 Nomor 1 Juni 2016
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Banjarnegara Badan Litbangkes Kemenkes RI

Pekalongan city is endemic for filariasis. Filariasis Mass Drug Administration (MDA) implemented to decrease filariasis endemicity in Pekalongan. It was started in 2011, but in the Pabean Village has started implementing in 2009. The study aimed to determine filariasis condition after MDA. A descriptive study with cross sectional design was conducted in Pabean village, North Pekalongan Sub-district, Pekalongan city. Finger Blood Filariasis slide and medication status of those who had filariasis MDA in 2011-2013 were examined. Finger Blood Filariasis slide of 519 respondents examined found 7 (Mf rate 1.35 %) microfilariae positive and spread almost evenly throughout the village. Microfilariae density accounted for 229.02 per ml of blood and only one species of filarial worms found as Wuchereriabancrofti. Respondents who received the drug in 2011, 2012, and 2013 increased (80.02 %, 90.75 %, 92.68 % respectively), but respondents who were taking medication decreased (63.01 %, 60.89 %, and 55. 88 % respectively). Pabelan village still endemic filariasis (Mf rate > 1%) although MDA filariasis was done for 5 years.

GAMBARAN PEMANFAATAN KARTU PENDERITA MALARIA SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMANTAUAN PENGOBATAN MALARIA VIVAX (STUDI KASUS DI PUSKESMAS WANADADI I DAN BANJARMANGU I, KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA) Agung puja kesuma; Nova pramestuti
BALABA: JURNAL LITBANG PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT BERSUMBER BINATANG BANJARNEGARA Volume 10 Nomor 1 Juni 2014
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Banjarnegara Badan Litbangkes Kemenkes RI

ABSTRAKKabupaten Banjarnegara merupakan salah satu daerah endemis malaria di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Pengobatan berperandalam mencegah terjadinya penularan malaria. Kartu penderita malaria merupakan salah satu alat instrumen untukmemantau pelaksanaan follow up pengobatan. Pemanfaatan kartu penderita malaria di Kabupaten Banjarnegara dimulaisekitar tahun 1999. Tidak semua puskesmas di Kabupaten Banjarnegara memanfaatkan kartu penderita malaria. Tujuanpenelitian untuk mendeskripsikan manfaat kartu penderita malaria dalam pemantauan pengobatan malaria vivax.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan studi kasus, pengumpulan data dengan wawancaramendalam dan observasi kartu penderita malaria. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Puskesmas Wanadadi I dan Banjarmangu Ipada Bulan April-Mei 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan di Puskesmas Wanadadi I terdapat 60 kartu penderita malaria(80%) yang diisi oleh JMD dan hanya 23 kartu (38,3%) yang diisi lengkap. Di Puskesmas Banjarmangu I tidak ada kartupenderita malaria yang diisi. Follow up pengobatan tepat waktu paling banyak (82%) pada follow up IV. Penderita yangdifollow up secara lengkap (lima kali) sebanyak 18 penderita (30%). Penggunaan kartu penderita malaria di PuskesmasWanadadi I dan Banjarmangu I belum dimanfaatkan dengan baik.

IDENTIFIKASI TELUR CACING ZOONOTIK PADA FESES Rattus tanezumi DI PASAR KOTA BANJARNEGARA Dyah widiastuti; Nova pramestuti; Novia tri astuti
BALABA: JURNAL LITBANG PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT BERSUMBER BINATANG BANJARNEGARA Volume 10 Nomor 2 Desember 2014
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Banjarnegara Badan Litbangkes Kemenkes RI

ABSTRAKTikus dikenal sebagai reservoir alami dari beberapa infeksi cacing yang penting bagi kesehatan masyarakat. Tikusmengandung mikroorganisme tersebut yang dapat ditularkan melalui kontak dengan kotoran tikus yang terinfeksi ataumelalui ektoparasit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi telur cacing zoonotik pada Rattus spp. di Pasar KotaBanjarnegara. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional yang dilakukan di Pasar Kota Banjarnegara pada bulan Agustus2013. Penangkapan tikus dilakukan selama tiga malam berturut-turut menggunakan 200 perangkap hidup yang dipasangpada tempat yang berbeda, yaitu kios buah, kios sembako dan kios beras. Prevalensi cacing zoonotik pada feses tikusR. tanezumi sebesar 10% Capilaria hepatica; 5% Hymenolepis diminuta dan 5% Sypachia muris. Pencemaran telur cacingzoonotik dalam feses tikus perlu diwaspadai sebagai investigasi awal sumber penularan penyakit kecacingan melalui tikus.

POPULASI TIKUS DAN PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG TIKUS DAN PENYAKIT YANG DITULARKANNYA DI KECAMATAN BERBAH, KABUPATEN SLEMAN Nova pramestuti; Bina ikawati; Novia tri astuti
BALABA: JURNAL LITBANG PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT BERSUMBER BINATANG BANJARNEGARA Volume 8 Nomor 1 Juni 2012
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Banjarnegara Badan Litbangkes Kemenkes RI

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease transmitted by Leptospira bacteria by rats as the main reservoir . Cases of leptospirosis occurred in several districts in Sleman. One of them is Berbah Sub-district with one case of leptospirosis in 2011. The purpose of this study to identify the biotic and abiotic environmental conditions, species of rodents captured in the study site, trap success, and Leptospira bacteria in the blood serum and kidney of rats. The study was conducted in the Jogotirto Village, Berbah Sub-district, Sleman District. As many as 150 traps had been used in 2 trapped indoor and 2 trapped outdoor during 3 days. Measurements, observations environmental conditions and interviews about rats and rats disease transmission around leptospirosis cases. Rats had been trapped identified, blood and kidneys was taken to be examined in the presence of Leptospira bacteria by using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). Data were analyzed descriptively in tables and graphs. Biotic and abiotic environmental conditions favor transmission of leptospirosis. Rats spesies had been found were Rattus tanezumi, Suncus murinus, and R. tiomanicus with trap succes indoor as much 10.5% and outdoor as much 5.2%. People had less knowledge about rats and rats disease transmission.

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