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Islam as the Core Methodology of International Relations in Islamic Universities in Indonesia Candra, Rudi; Mubarok, Sofi
Journal of Islamic World and Politics Vol 5, No 1 (2021): JUNE
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

This condition reminds us of the vital role and urgency of developing a methodology of Islamic international relations. In response to this issue, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of the development and application of Islamic international relation methods in Indonesian Universities, in this case, taking the example of three universities: Darussalam University (UNIDA) Gontor, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY), and UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. These three universities were chosen because they officially declared the development of Islamization or integration of science in the curriculum of the international relations study program. This study aims to analyze the methodological model of Islamic international relations in three universities to be compared and evaluated for their implementation. This type of research was qualitative descriptive by taking the research settings at UNIDA, UMY, and UIN Sunan Ampel. Data collection techniques were through observation, interviews, and limited discussion. Data analysis utilized an interactive model with a four-component analysis approach: data reduction, data analysis, data clarification, and drawing conclusions carried out actively and interactively with source persons as the primary data sources equipped with several secondary sources. This study found that these three universities used three different methods in embodying the concept of Islam in international relations. UNIDA Gontor has its Islamization project, UMY has Islam as the curriculum characteristic, and UIN Sunan Ampel has the integrated twin tower concept. Although these three models have elementary differences, they have the spirit of developing the internalization of Islamic studies in the study of international relations.

ISLAM DAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: Studi Kasus Menjaga Lingkungan dan Ekonomi Berkeadilan Sofi Mubarok
Dauliyah Journal of Islamic and International Affairs Vol 3, No 1 (2018): DAULIYAH (JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS)
Publisher : UNIDA Gontor

Konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan atau Sustanaible Develope-ment merupakan sebuah konsep yang ditawarkan untuk memberi solusi atas kerusakan lingkungan yang terjadi sebagai dampak negatif aktivitas ekonomi dan pembangunan ekonomi yang tidak terencana. Selain itu, tu-juan dari pembangunan berkelanjutan adalah mewujudkan kesejahteraan kepada seluruh masyarakat. Dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan ada dua perspektif yang mencoba memberikan solusi atas masalah-masalah yang dihasilkan oleh tidak tersusunnya perencanaan ekonomi. Kedua perspektif itu adalah barat dan Islam. Di dalam perspektif barat pengukuran pem-bangunan berkelanjutan difokuskan pada aspek material. Seperti peng-hitungan Gross Domestic Product (GDP) dan Sustainable Nett Domestic Product (SNDP). Sedangkan, perspektif Islam yang bersumber dari aja-ran agama Islam, melihat pembangunan berkelanjutan sebagai sebuah hal yag multidimensional. Selain itu, Islam memberikan Maqashid Syari’ah sebagai jalan untuk mencapai tujuan kesejahteraan atau yang disebut sebagai konsep Falah. Sehingga segala bentuk aktivitas pembangunan ekonomi berorientasikan ajaran-ajaran agama seperti Tauhid, Keadilan dan Larangan Riba.

Islam as the Core Methodology of International Relations in Islamic Universities in Indonesia Rudi Candra; Sofi Mubarok
Journal of Islamic World and Politics Vol 5, No 1 (2021): JUNE
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

This condition reminds us of the vital role and urgency of developing a methodology of Islamic international relations. In response to this issue, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of the development and application of Islamic international relation methods in Indonesian Universities, in this case, taking the example of three universities: Darussalam University (UNIDA) Gontor, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY), and UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. These three universities were chosen because they officially declared the development of Islamization or integration of science in the curriculum of the international relations study program. This study aims to analyze the methodological model of Islamic international relations in three universities to be compared and evaluated for their implementation. This type of research was qualitative descriptive by taking the research settings at UNIDA, UMY, and UIN Sunan Ampel. Data collection techniques were through observation, interviews, and limited discussion. Data analysis utilized an interactive model with a four-component analysis approach: data reduction, data analysis, data clarification, and drawing conclusions carried out actively and interactively with source persons as the primary data sources equipped with several secondary sources. This study found that these three universities used three different methods in embodying the concept of Islam in international relations. UNIDA Gontor has its Islamization project, UMY has Islam as the curriculum characteristic, and UIN Sunan Ampel has the integrated twin tower concept. Although these three models have elementary differences, they have the spirit of developing the internalization of Islamic studies in the study of international relations.

FATWA DALAM SEJARAH POLITIK IRAN Sofi Mubarok
Thaqafiyyat : Jurnal Bahasa, Peradaban dan Informasi Islam Vol 16, No 2 (2015): Thaqãfiyyãt
Publisher : Fakultas Adab dan Ilmu Budaya UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Recently, the study of political Islam are generally still deals with the debate about the most ideal political system which should apply. Some choose to discuss on how the implementation of the Islamic system in modern society is relatively more pluralist and secular. Therefore, not to get hung up on a similar discussion, the author is interested in reviewing one of the state which experience has managed to implement a system of political Islam in this modern era, namely Iran. With the political system of velayat al-faqih who interpreted from the perspective of Shiaideology as the country’s main imamiyah, Iran deserves further examined particularly associated several implementations of Islamic concepts that have been instituted in such a way in the political system. The author sees a one political concept that has the highest authority in Iran’s political system is at once part of the concept of religion isinteresting when and discussed. The concept is a fatwa which previously only was one topic of discussion in the study of jurisprudence, not affecting politics at all. Then, at this time, the treatise the author wanted to expose in a dialectical-historical account of how the emergence of the fatwa as an important part of the political system in Iran.Keywords: Iran, the shi’i al-Imamiyah, velayat faqih, fatwa, rahbar

Etika Politik Dalam Pandangan Machievelli dan Al Mawardi Iqbal Maulana Alfiansyah; Sofi Mubarok; Yulia Rimapradesi; Nabila Yasmin Namira; Ida Susilowati
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol 10, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v10i1.31115

Ethics is usually closely related to the values and norms that exist in a society. In practice, political ethics demands that all claims to the right to organize association be accounted for on basic moral principles. Therefore political ethics seeks to help society to realize the noble state ideology into objective political reality. This study discusses the Machievelli’s view of political ethics and its comparison with the Islamic theory of political ethics. Previous research focused more on understanding political ethics according to Machievelli only and understanding political ethics according to Islam only. While this research will complement the last gap research, namely comparing the understanding of political ethics according to Machievelli and Islam. The authors used a descriptive method with data collection techniques in journals, articles, and other literature in this study. From the perspective of Machievelli, ethics is often considered secondary or not essential. Political ethics cannot be applied in international politics and prioritizes self-interest rather than moral principles. Realizing self-interest by the state is seen as a right, or a duty considered a realist principle. In contrast, Islam views political ethics as a guide that upholds the values of justice and respects human rights to create sustainable peace under religious norms.Keywords: Political Ethics, Machievelli, Al MawardiAbstrakEtika biasanya berhubungan erat dengan nilai dan norma yang ada dalam suatu masyarakat. Dalam praktiknya, etika politik menuntut agar segala klaim atas hak untuk menata masyarakat dipertanggungjawabkan pada prinsip-prinsip moral dasar. Maka dari itu etika politik berusaha membantu masyarakat untuk mewujudkan ideologi negara yang luhur ke dalam realitas politik yang nyata. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pandangan Machievelli terhadap etika politik dan perbandingannya dengan pandangan Islam terhadap etika politik. Dalam penelitian sebelumnya, penelitian lebih terfokus pada pemahaman etika politik menurut Machievelli saja dan pemahaman etika politik menurut Al Mawardi saja. Sedangkan penelitian ini akan melengkapi Gap penelitian sebelumnya, yaitu membandingkan pemahaman etika politik menurut Machievelli dan Al Mawardi. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa jurnal- jurnal, artikel-artikel, dan literatur lainnya. Menurut Machievelli, etika adalah hal yang seringkali dianggap sekunder atau tidak pokok. Etika politik tidak dapat diterapkan dalam politik internasional dan mengutamakan kepentingan diri daripada prinsip moral. Mewujudkan kepentingan diri oleh negara dipandang sebagai sebuah hak, atau tugas yang dianggap menjadi prinsip kaum realis. Sementara, Islam memandang bahwa etika politik merupakan prinsip yang menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai keadilan dan menghormati hak asasi manusia, sehingga tercipta suatu kedamaian yang berkelanjutan dibawah norma-norma agama.Kata Kunci: Etika Politik, Machievelli, Al Mawardi

Etika Politik Dalam Pandangan Machievelli dan Al Mawardi Iqbal Maulana Alfiansyah; Sofi Mubarok; Yulia Rimapradesi; Nabila Yasmin Namira; Ida Susilowati
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol 10, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v10i1.31115

Ethics is usually closely related to the values and norms that exist in a society. In practice, political ethics demands that all claims to the right to organize association be accounted for on basic moral principles. Therefore political ethics seeks to help society to realize the noble state ideology into objective political reality. This study discusses the Machievelli’s view of political ethics and its comparison with the Islamic theory of political ethics. Previous research focused more on understanding political ethics according to Machievelli only and understanding political ethics according to Islam only. While this research will complement the last gap research, namely comparing the understanding of political ethics according to Machievelli and Islam. The authors used a descriptive method with data collection techniques in journals, articles, and other literature in this study. From the perspective of Machievelli, ethics is often considered secondary or not essential. Political ethics cannot be applied in international politics and prioritizes self-interest rather than moral principles. Realizing self-interest by the state is seen as a right, or a duty considered a realist principle. In contrast, Islam views political ethics as a guide that upholds the values of justice and respects human rights to create sustainable peace under religious norms.Keywords: Political Ethics, Machievelli, Al MawardiAbstrakEtika biasanya berhubungan erat dengan nilai dan norma yang ada dalam suatu masyarakat. Dalam praktiknya, etika politik menuntut agar segala klaim atas hak untuk menata masyarakat dipertanggungjawabkan pada prinsip-prinsip moral dasar. Maka dari itu etika politik berusaha membantu masyarakat untuk mewujudkan ideologi negara yang luhur ke dalam realitas politik yang nyata. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pandangan Machievelli terhadap etika politik dan perbandingannya dengan pandangan Islam terhadap etika politik. Dalam penelitian sebelumnya, penelitian lebih terfokus pada pemahaman etika politik menurut Machievelli saja dan pemahaman etika politik menurut Al Mawardi saja. Sedangkan penelitian ini akan melengkapi Gap penelitian sebelumnya, yaitu membandingkan pemahaman etika politik menurut Machievelli dan Al Mawardi. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa jurnal- jurnal, artikel-artikel, dan literatur lainnya. Menurut Machievelli, etika adalah hal yang seringkali dianggap sekunder atau tidak pokok. Etika politik tidak dapat diterapkan dalam politik internasional dan mengutamakan kepentingan diri daripada prinsip moral. Mewujudkan kepentingan diri oleh negara dipandang sebagai sebuah hak, atau tugas yang dianggap menjadi prinsip kaum realis. Sementara, Islam memandang bahwa etika politik merupakan prinsip yang menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai keadilan dan menghormati hak asasi manusia, sehingga tercipta suatu kedamaian yang berkelanjutan dibawah norma-norma agama.Kata Kunci: Etika Politik, Machievelli, Al Mawardi

Islamic Diplomacy and the Palestinian Quest for Peace and Independence: An Analytical Perspective Candra, Rudi; Mubarok, Sofi
Mediasi Journal of International Relations Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): International Relations Issues
Publisher : UNIDA GONTOR

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/mediasi.v7i1.12543

The Israeli occupation of Palestine is a stain and a black mark on the life of inter-state and international relations in this century. Independence for all nations and countries seems like an impossibility; the UN, as an international institution established to create peace and justice for the world's nations, has failed to fulfill its function. The UN Security Council, responsible for maintaining security, has not offered protection to the Palestinian people. Instead, it has permitted Israel to commit massacres and war crimes against countless lives without reprimand or justice. Similarly, countries around the world seem powerless, able only to condemn without the strength to intervene or stop the situation. This article is written as an effort to explore the opportunities and challenges for the Palestinian state in achieving peace and independence within the realm of international diplomacy. The approach used is based on concepts of Islamic diplomacy, whose main objective is to maintain and create peace among different religious communities and humanity as a whole. This research employs a qualitative methodology with direct fieldwork. The researcher traveled to countries adjacent to Palestine and Israel, including Syria, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and also Indonesia. Although Indonesia is far away, its uniqueness as a predominantly Muslim nation creates an emotional and political affinity with the Palestinian cause. The research results indicate that the primary challenge for Palestinian independence diplomacy is the lack of unity among Arab countries when confronting Israeli and American diplomacy. Most nations prioritize their own national interests over providing direct support for Palestinian diplomacy and independence.

Google, Facebook, And China: Internet Supremacy and Digital Sovereignty Mubarok, Sofi; Candra, Rudi
Dauliyah: Journal of Islam and International Affairs Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023): Dauliyah: Journal of Islamic and International Affairs
Publisher : UNIDA Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/dauliyah.v8i1.9479

The relationship between the internet and the state has become a interesting topic lately, especially after the United States' rejection of the Huawei technology company, which allegedly used its technology as a spy in 2019. This paper will dissect this phenomenon using George Orwell's perspective on how to fight against oppressive rulers with the power of information technology and Jack Pinkowski who on the contrary sees the potential for a harmonious relationship between the state and information technology that will be able to create a balance of power between society and the state. Using books, scientific journal articles, and statistical data from several leading websites, this paper will describe the power relations and internet data in several countries and about the achievements of world information technology companies. The findings of this paper show that only three entities (two companies and one country) controlled the Internet (temporarily) until 2019: Google, Facebook, and China. This power makes every country in the world try to build domestic capabilities to control the internet, at least for local consumption as China did.

Enhancing Bilateral Ties: Analyzing the Multidimensional Cooperation between Indonesia and South Korea under the NSP Plus Framework Wijaya, Bagaskara Sagita; Rimapradesi, Yulia; Awalia, Hunna Khawaiga; Mubarok, Sofi
Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jhi.v13i2.18021

The New Southern Policy (NSP) Plus, an initiative by South Korea to deepen its ties with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), presents a unique opportunity for enhanced bilateral cooperation and development, particularly with Indonesia. This research delves into the dynamics and potential of this intensified partnership, focusing on its implications for domestic and international economic and social empowerment. This study is anchored in the neoliberal institutional theory with the Keynesianism perspective within international relations, offering a nuanced perspective on international cooperation’s mechanisms and multidimensional outcomes. Employing a qualitative research method and descriptive analysis, this study examined the complementary aspects of Indonesia and South Korea’s economies and how these synergies can elevate the NSP Plus initiative from a bilateral framework to a more expansive model of international cooperation. This research posits that the mutual benefits derived from this partnership are pivotal in fostering closer ties and can potentially be replicated in other areas of international collaboration. A significant aspect of this study is the exploration of the government’s role as a policy facilitator and the active involvement of the private sector and broader community in these cooperative efforts. This multi-stakeholder approach is critical in understanding the dynamics of international cooperation and its impact on societal elements. Furthermore, this research applied the Keynesianism concept of the five-multiplier effect on economic growth to analyze how the NSP Plus policy can bolster domestic development cycles. It includes job creation, market expansion, and investment market growth, all facilitated by the private sector’s engagement. The study aims to comprehensively understand the NSP Plus initiative’s potential in strengthening Indonesia-South Korea relations and its broader implications for regional economic development and international cooperation.

DAMPAK IMPOR BERAS TERHADAP KETAHANAN PANGAN DAN PETANI LOKAL DI INDONESIA Mubarok, Sofi; Anjani, Dian Audri Rahma
JURNAL PERTANIAN CEMARA Vol 22 No 1 (2025): JURNAL PERTANIAN CEMARA (CENDEKIAWAN MADURA)
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24929/fp.v22i1.4272

Menjelang akhir era 1990-an, sektor pertanian menghadapi berbagai tantangan, seperti perubahan iklim dan kebijakan dalam negeri yang berubah, yang berdampak pada menurunnya produksi beras. Ketika produksi dalam negeri tidak lagi mampu memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat, pemerintah memutuskan untuk mengimpor beras guna mencegah krisis ketahanan pangan. Namun, tingginya volume impor beras tanpa adanya upaya penguatan sektor pertanian domestik menyebabkan Indonesia semakin bergantung pada pasokan beras dari luar negeri. Ketergantungan ini tidak hanya memengaruhi ketahanan pangan nasional, tetapi juga berdampak negatif terhadap kesejahteraan petani lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak impor beras terhadap ketahanan pangan dan kesejahteraan petani lokal di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan Library Research untuk memperoleh informasi yang relevan dan akurat. Data dikumpulkan dari berbagai sumber, termasuk jurnal ilmiah, buku, situs resmi, serta wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa impor beras yang dilakukan pemerintah memang mampu menstabilkan ketahanan pangan dalam jangka pendek. Namun, dalam jangka panjang, kebijakan ini justru memberikan dampak sosial dan ekonomi yang signifikan bagi petani lokal. Tanpa perhitungan yang matang, impor beras menciptakan persaingan yang tidak seimbang antara produk dalam negeri dan beras impor, yang pada akhirnya menekan harga beras domestik. Akibatnya, petani mengalami kerugian finansial yang berujung pada meningkatnya angka kemiskinan di pedesaan.

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