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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Indonesian Journal of Geography Geo Media: Majalah Ilmiah dan Informasi Kegeografian Ecotrophic, Journal of Environmental Science Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Majalah Geografi Indonesia JTSL (Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan) Jurnal Geografi International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES) Jurnal IMPACT: Implementation and Action GEOGRAPHY : Jurnal Kajian, Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Priviet Social Sciences Journal Jurnal Geografi LIngkungan Tropik (Journal of Geography of Tropical Environments)
Muhammad Dimyati
Universitas Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Computer Science & IT Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Journal : Priviet Social Sciences Journal

 1 
Harnessing artificial intelligence for census in Nigeria: Advancing accuracy, efficiency, and governance outcomes Sani, Inuwa Sani; Dimyati, Muhammad; Umar, Aliyu Aminu
Priviet Social Sciences Journal Vol. 5 No. 11 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Privietlab

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55942/pssj.v5i11.662

Abstract

Successful administration of national censuses in Nigeria has been a protracted agony plagued by inherent problems, including logistic, political, and methodological issues, which cumulatively have caused delays in enumeration, undercounting, and inconsistency of data. These defects diminish the credibility of demographic data needed for evidence-based governance, economic planning, and equitable resource allocation._. In this study, we explored opportunities for harnessing Artificial Intelligence (AI) to transform census activities in Nigeria through the injection of state-of-the-art computational approaches into the national enumeration exercise. We showcased a multimodal AI pipeline comprising Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for population density estimation from satellite images, Natural Language Processing (NLP) pipelines for address standardization and matching in various languages, and unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms for real-time data quality verification. AI-based enumeration methods were simulated at both national and sub-national levels. CNN-generated heatmaps revealed population concentration trends in Lagos and other states and enabled the precise delineation of high-density urban agglomerations and underserved rural enclaves. The NLP tool generalized well to the linguistically diverse environments in Nigeria, with F1-scores greater than 0.90 for all but a few states for broken address reconciliation. Anomaly detection models built using Isolation Forest algorithms detected anomalous enumeration patterns as flags for potential undercounts or data manipulation. Population pyramid analysis for Lagos revealed an extremely young population structure, consistent with country-wide age trends. These findings provide empirical evidence that AI integration can promote census accuracy, operational efficiency and government effectiveness in Nigeria.
Co-Authors Adlyani Husna Ahmad Fakhruddin Ahmad Zubair Akhmad Fauzy Anang Muchlis Andry Rustanto Anggara Setyabawana Putra Arief Wicaksono Astrid Damayanti Astridia Putri Nurhaliza Azis Musthofa Babag Purbantoro Bawiling, Hendry Budianto Budianto Devy Nur Annisa Dewi Susiloningtyas Dimas Bayu Ichsandya Dimas Novandias Damar Pratama Dimyati, Ratih Dewanti Efriana, Anisya Feby Enshito, Grizzly Pradipta Singhasana Evi Anggraheni, Evi Fadhilah, Raina Arfa Farhan Makarim Zein Faris Zulkarnain Faris Zulkarnain Fitriani, Ananda Gracia, Enrico Hartono Hartono Hartono Hartono Heinrich Rakuasa I Wayan Gede Krisna Arimjaya Iqbal Putut Ash Shidiq Iqbal Putut Ash-Shidiq Irma Susanti Isnaini, Eva Nur Khairunnisa, N Kintan Maulidina Kustiyo Kustiyo Kustiyo Kustiyo Legowo, Dewanti Aisyah Logan, Axel Gilbert M. Martono Mamat Suhermat Maranti, Pinta Mardalena, Ayu Marfai, Muh Aris Masita Dwi Mandini Manesa MASITA DWI MANDINI MANESSA, MASITA DWI MANDINI Muhamad Rafli Muhammad Adnan Shafry Untoro Muhammad Haidar Noer, Marwah Nurrokhmah Rizqihandari Nurul Khakhim Nurul Sri Rahatiningtyas Onki Alexander Panji Nurul Achmadi Pranita Giardini Prasetya, Ferdian Adhy Projo Danoedoro Pryanto, Muhammad Bagus Puji Tri Handayani Purbantoro, Babag Putri, Ratih Fitria Raden Ramadhani Yudha Adiwijaya Rahatiningtyas, Nurul Sri Raisya Afifah Ratih Dewanti Ratih Dewanti Dimyati Ratih Dewanti Dimyati Ratih Dewanti Dimyati Ratri Candra Restuti Riza Putera Syamsuddin Rustanto, Andry S. Supriatna Sakina, N C Sani, Inuwa Sani Satria Indratmoko Setiadi, Hafid Siddiq, Ayyasy Siswanto Siswanto Siti Aisyah Supriatna Supriatna Taufik Walinono Tito Latif Indra Triarko Nurlambang Triarko Nurlambang Tuty Handayani Umar, Aliyu Aminu Verdyansyah, Aprizal Wahyu Lazuardi Zubair, Ahmad Zulfikri Isnaen Zulkarnain, Faris