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Antioxidant Activity of Fungus Comb Extracts Isolated from Indo-Malayan Termite Macrotermes gilvus Hagen (Isoptera: Termitidae) Yanti Rachmayanti; Dikhi Firmansyah; Reza Ro'isatul Umma; Decsa Medika Hertanto; I Ketut Sudiana; Djoko Santoso; Dodi Nandika; Lina Karlinasari; Arinana Arinana; Irmanida Batubara; Lucia Dhiantika Witasari
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 22, No 6 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.77227

Indonesian termites are one of the wealthiest biological resources considering their very high species diversity (300 species) and extensive geographical distribution in the Indonesian mainland. However, its potential as a source of bioactive compounds has not been fully explored. One of the endemic termite sub-families of Indonesian, Macrotermitinae (Isoptera: Termitidae), has a food source in the form of fungal nodules that grow and spread in a particular structure in the termite nest that is shaped like a mammalian brain called a fungus comb, which likely serves as a source of bioactive compounds. This study aims to analyze the potential of fungus comb from an Indonesian Macrotermitinae sub-family species as a source of antioxidants. Antioxidant activity was tested on four different extracts of fungus comb (EFC), namely hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract, methanol extract and water extract, using DPPH• (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS•+ (2,2′-azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazolinesulphonate]) radicals. The results showed that the highest antioxidant activity was found in methanol extract, followed by ethyl acetate extract with IC50 values of 0.6 mg/mL and 0.75 mg/mL, respectively. TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) analysis confirmed the high antioxidant activity of methanol extract.

Identification of Tropical Marine Diatom Chaetoceros dayaensis CBO from Bokor Island through Morphology and Genetic Marker Analysis Stiawan, Elva; Sutomo, Sutomo; Sapulete, Sherly; Nurachman, Zeily; Rachmayanti, Yanti
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., June 2022
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Microalgae are well-recognized by many researchers working on bioenergy resources due to its capability to produce high amounts of lipids as biodiesel precursors. Diatoms as a group of microalgae that specifically categorized by their silica valve could be more attractive to the researchers because in addition to high-lipid content, their silica features can be also utilized for wider applications, or used for diatoms bioproduct purification. Identification of some diatom species, such as the diatom genus Chaetoceros, as an initial step in diatom studies were difficult to accurately perform because of the unique morphology of silica frustules. Meanwhile, some candidate universal genetic markers of microalgae could also be used for the identification of diatoms with brittle frustules. In this research, we aimed to identify isolate CBO of tropical marine Chaetoceros CBO strain using morphological and genetic approaches. The isolate CBO of Chaetoceros sp. CBO was successfully obtained from sea region of Bokor Island, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta, and cultivated in our laboratory as culture stock for further use. Better resolution of the Chaetoceros CBO identification until species level was shown by genetic analysis toward two proposed gene markers for microalgae (rbcL-3P and V4 region of 18S rDNA) rather than by morphological. Specific DNA region for this specimen was found in V4 region of 18S rDNA genetic marker that could be recognized by MspA1I restriction enzyme. Hence, the RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) method could be also used as an initial diagnostic tool for identification of this tropical marine Chaetoceros dayaensis CBO and for stock culture labelling purposes.

Fingerprints, Antioxidant Activity, and Anti-Tyrosinase of Fungus Comb Extract Dewi, Trisni Untari; Diposani, Diva Putri; Rohaeti, Eti; Nandika, Dodi; Karlinasari, Lina; Arinana, Arinana; Santoso, Djoko; Witasari, Lucia Dhiantika; Rachmayanti, Yanti; Batubara, Irmanida
Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 3 (2023): Jurnal Jamu Indonesia
Publisher : Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jji.v8i3.346

Fungus comb is a structure made by termite colony Macrotermitinae with lots of potential because it contains secondary metabolites such as steroids, terpenoids, and saponins and compounds containing antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase properties. This study aimed to determine fungus comb extracts' fingerprint pattern, antioxidant capacity, and anti-tyrosinase activity. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to determine fingerprint patterns. The resulting TLC pattern was processed with ImageJ and converted into a densitogram. The fungus comb was extracted with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. TLC results showed that fungus comb extracts contain steroids and terpenoids and have antioxidant properties. The antioxidant capacity assay was carried out with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reagent. N-hexane extract had an antioxidant capacity value of 9.07 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g extract, while ethyl acetate extract had 6.04 mg AAE/g extract. Anti-tyrosinase activity assay was carried out with L-tyrosine and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as substrates. N-hexane extract had a better anti-tyrosinase activity with IC50 of 1804 µg/mL for L-tyrosine and 6784 µg/mL for L-DOPA.

Fingerprints, Antioxidant Activity, and Anti-Tyrosinase of Fungus Comb Extract Dewi, Trisni Untari; Diposani, Diva Putri; Rohaeti, Eti; Nandika, Dodi; Karlinasari, Lina; Arinana, Arinana; Santoso, Djoko; Witasari, Lucia Dhiantika; Rachmayanti, Yanti; Batubara, Irmanida
Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 3 (2023): Jurnal Jamu Indonesia
Publisher : Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jji.v8i3.346

Fungus comb is a structure made by termite colony Macrotermitinae with lots of potential because it contains secondary metabolites such as steroids, terpenoids, and saponins and compounds containing antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase properties. This study aimed to determine fungus comb extracts' fingerprint pattern, antioxidant capacity, and anti-tyrosinase activity. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to determine fingerprint patterns. The resulting TLC pattern was processed with ImageJ and converted into a densitogram. The fungus comb was extracted with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. TLC results showed that fungus comb extracts contain steroids and terpenoids and have antioxidant properties. The antioxidant capacity assay was carried out with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reagent. N-hexane extract had an antioxidant capacity value of 9.07 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g extract, while ethyl acetate extract had 6.04 mg AAE/g extract. Anti-tyrosinase activity assay was carried out with L-tyrosine and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as substrates. N-hexane extract had a better anti-tyrosinase activity with IC50 of 1804 µg/mL for L-tyrosine and 6784 µg/mL for L-DOPA.

Photosynthetic efficiency and acid tolerance in Pumiliosphaera acidicola KMJ isolated from a geothermal spring in West Java, Indonesia Alfredo Kono; Berliana Gita N. Pertiwi; Bahzad Ahmad Farhan; Anhar Rahmawan; Yanti Rachmayanti; Rindia M. Putri; Zeily Nurachman
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.221

Background: Acidophilic microalgae represent a promising yet underexplored resource for biotechnological carbon capture in low-pH environments such as geothermal springs and industrial effluents. However, few strains have been physiologically characterized, and most biotechnologically relevant microalgae remain neutrophilic. Objective: This study aimed to isolate and characterize an acid-tolerant green microalga from a geothermal spring in Kamojang, West Java, Indonesia, and assess its growth, acid tolerance, and photosynthetic performance across a range of inorganic carbon (Ci: CO₂, HCO₃⁻, and CO₃²⁻) concentrations. Methods: Mud samples were enriched in Allen medium under continuous illumination. Isolates were identified via 18S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Growth was tested across pH 2.3 to 7.0 in media acidified with either HCl or H₂SO₄. Photosynthetic performance was evaluated by O₂ evolution under various Ci concentrations. Results: The isolated strain, designated Pumiliosphaera acidicola KMJ, exhibited robust growth from pH 2.3 to 7.0 and showed comparable tolerance to both HCl and H₂SO₄. Morphologically, KMJ displayed compact, spherical green cells (2–5 µm diameter). Oxygen evolution measurements revealed consistently higher photosynthetic rates than Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, particularly under sub-saturating Ci levels, indicating efficient CO₂ assimilation under acidic, low-Ci conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first study to directly quantify Ci-dependent O₂ evolution in an acidophilic chlorophyte. Conclusion: P. acidicola KMJ combines broad acid tolerance with high photosynthetic efficiency, positioning it as a strong candidate for CO₂ capture in acidic environments. Its physiology also provides a basis for future molecular studies into acidophilic CO₂ assimilation.

Designing antimicrobial active packaging films based on chitosan plus fungus comb ethyl acetate extract from Indo-Malayan termite mounds LUCIA DHIANTIKA WITASARI; DEBORAH PATRICIA LIZAR; OLIVIA MARTHA FLORENCIA; ARIF RAMADHAN; NUR AFNI OKTRI FIANA; SUPRIYADI SUPRIYADI; SYLVIA UTAMI TUNJUNG PRATIWI; DODI NANDIKA; LINA KARLINASARI; ARINANA ARINANA; IRMANIDA BATUBARA; DJOKO SANTOSO; I KETUT SUDIANA; DECSA MEDIKA HERTANTO; YANTI RACHMAYANTI; DIKHI FIRMANSYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241113

Abstract. Witasari LD, Lizar DP, Florencia OM, Ramadhan A, Fiana NAO, Supriyadi S, Pratiwi SUT, Nandika D, Karlinasari L, Arinana A, Batubara I, Santoso D, Rachmayanti Y, Firmansyah D, Sudiana IK, Hertanto DM, Rachmayanti Y, Firmansyah D. 2023. Designing antimicrobial active packaging films based on chitosan plus fungus comb ethyl acetate extract from Indo-Malayan termite mounds. Biodiversitas 24: 5947-5955. Antimicrobial active packaging systems incorporate antimicrobial compounds into polymer films, i.e., chitosan, thus suppress spoilage microorganism growth in foods. Chitosan films itself cannot prevent microbial growth, thus other antimicrobial agent must be added. Fungus comb extract from Indo-Malayan termite (Macrotermes gilvus (Hagen, 1858)) mounds is a potential active organic antimicrobial compound, which can be incorporated into chitosan films. The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize active packaging films based on chitosan plus an antimicrobial fungus comb ethyl acetate extract. Films contained 1% chitosan and fungus comb ethyl acetate extract (0.5, 1, 2, and 5% w/v). Notably, films containing 2 and 5% extracts inhibited Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), but not fungi. Films plus 2% extract showed a thickness, tensile strength, and strain of 0.13 mm, 2.15 MPa, and 32.55%, respectively. Films had a moisture content of 0.26%, water solubility of 2.68%, swelling property of 2.37%, and water vapor permeability (WPV) of 3.31×10?10 g.m?1s?1.Pa?1. They displayed smooth morphology but no new functional groups. Thus, chitosan plus 2% of fungus comb ethyl acetate extract can be used in antimicrobial active packaging films for food application. It could be applied as a green alternative to prolong the shelf-life of food products.

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