Asri Meidyah Agustin
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

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Roles of Vitamins in Immunity and COVID-19: A Literature Review Nila Reswari Haryana; Qonita Rachmah; Mahmud Aditya Rifqi; Rian Diana; Dominikus Raditya Atmaka; Stefania Widya Setyaningtyas; Aliffah Nurria Nastiti; Asri Meidyah Agustin
Media Gizi Indonesia Vol. 17 No. 3 (2022): JURNAL MEDIA GIZI INDONESIA (NATIONAL NUTRITION JOURNAL)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mgi.v17i3.224-233

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 is a severe acute respiratory virus that causes Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19). Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, diet was undeniably important in immunity. In order to be more resilient during and after the pandemic, understanding the role of vitamins is crucial. This review aims to explore the role of vitamins in supporting the immune system and its correlation to COVID-19. The article search was done using five electronic databases (i.e., Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and PMC). Some of the keywords utilized in the literature search were “vitamin A and immunity” OR “vitamin B and immunity” OR “vitamin C and immunity” OR “vitamin D and immunity” OR “vitamin E and immunity”. A total of 51 articles was assessed in this literature review. Research finds vitamin A plays a role in both innate immune system cell function and humoral immunity by regulating, differentiating, and maturing immune system cells. Vitamin B complex primarily reduces inflammation by lowering serum C-reactive protein levels (CRP), while vitamin C strengthens epithelial barriers, phagocytes, T and B lymphocytes, and inflammatory mediators, to improve the immune system. Vitamin D acts as a mediator in the vitamin D receptor (VDR), an inner immune system component that regulates the humoral and adaptive immune systems through unique genetic transcriptions. Finally, vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, lowering the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). In conclusion, all vitamins are essential in improving individual’s immune system that prevent from infectious diseases including COVID-19.
Efficacy of Breast Milk Booster Supplement (BBS) on Breast Milk Volume and Nutrient Content: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Trias Mahmudiono; Qonita Rachmah; Azizah Ajeng Pratiwi; Dayinta Annisa Syaiful; Alinda Rahmani; Eka Anisah Yusryana; Natasya Ayu Andamari; Asri Meidyah Agustin
Media Gizi Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 3 (2026): MEDIA GIZI INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mgi.v21i3.333-346

Abstract

Background: Natural galactagogues are widely used to support lactation, but evidence for their effectiveness remains limited. This study evaluated the effects of a breast milk booster supplement (BBS) containing Moringa oleifera, Channa striata, and Sauropus androgynus on breast milk volume and nutrient composition. Methods: In this single-blind randomized controlled trial, 77 lactating mothers were assigned to receive either BBS or a placebo. Expressed breast milk volume and nutrient composition were assessed at baseline, day 7, and day 28. Nutrient analyses included energy, protein, carbohydrate, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and Greenhouse-Geisser repeated-measures tests. Results: The intervention group showed a greater increase in expressed breast milk volume than the control group (348.6 vs. 281.8 mL; p=0.016). EPA concentration was significantly higher at day 28 (3.2 mg/100 g; p=0.027). Although DHA and calcium increased to a greater extent in the intervention group, the differences were not statistically significant. Infants in the intervention group also had significantly greater increases in mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Conclusion: Twenty-eight days of BBS supplementation increased expressed breast milk volume and EPA content, supporting its potential as a lactation supplement.