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Wall and Piles for Hydroocarbon Pipes in Soft Soil in Slope Areas Mutadi Mutadi; Pratikso Pratikso; Abdul Rochim
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Vol 4, No 4 (2021): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute November
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v4i4.2986

Abstract

Pipes laying on an unstable slope of soft soil are prone to movement. Pipelines that are buried in unstable slope areas will move due to lateral loads from soil movement which can cause damage to the pipeline. A laboratory small-scale model of the reinforcement system of piles supported retaining walls was conducted to investigate the effect of lateral load on the reinforcement. In this experiment, the lateral forces of 0.3 kN, 0.35 kN, and 0.4 kN and vertical force of 0.05 kN, 0.1 kN, and 0.15 kN were used. Lateral load from electric jack is equipped with load cell and vertical load used cement- steel box. To validate the experimental result, a finite element program was used. The experimental results showed that an increase in lateral loading, increased the displacement of the reinforcement system. For a Vertical Load 0.05 kN and versus a lateral load of 0.3 kN causes a horizontal displacement of 0.34 mm and an increased of 2.94 % for loading of 0.35 kN and an increased of 8.82% for loading 0.4 kN. The pattern is the same in the finite element method analysis, where there was a 2.3 8% increased for 0.35 kN loading and an increased to 33.33 % for 0.4 kN loading. In the same Load, the Reinforcement System is reliable as shown in Safety Factor on dry condition were 3,33, 2,828 and 2,476, and on wet condition were 2,99, 2,524 and 2,237. 
Comprehensive Integrity Assessment Framework for Ageing Offshore Platforms in Tropical Marine Environments: An Integrated Approach Combining SHM, Probabilistic Analysis, and Digital Twin Technology Mutadi, Mutadi
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 8, No 4 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute November
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v8i4.8148

Abstract

This comprehensive study presents an advanced integrated framework for assessing the structural integrity of ageing offshore platforms operating in tropical marine environments. The framework synergistically combines stateoftheart Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems, contemporary metocean data analysis, sophisticated probabilistic reliability assessment methodologies, and cuttingedge digital twin implementation. Over an extensive 18month monitoring period conducted on a representative ageing offshore platform, critical findings emerged: contemporary environmental loads exceeded original design specifications by 1525%, splash zone corrosion rates reached 0.32 mm/year (approximately 160% of design assumptions), and reliability indices for ultimate strength under operating conditions ranged between 2.62.9, below the ISO 19902 target of 3.0. The implemented digital twin system demonstrated exceptional performance with 94% accuracy in stress prediction during extreme weather events and enabled realtime visualization of structural behavior. This research provides a scientifically rigorous, datadriven foundation for life extension decisions and optimized maintenance strategies for ageing offshore infrastructure in tropical regions, representing a significant advancement over conventional assessment methodologies.