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All Journal Konversi Jurnal Chemurgy Dalton : Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia dan Ilmu Kimia Community Empowerment Jurnal Kreatif : Desain Produk Industri dan Arsitektur Mitra Akademia: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat
Mardhiyah Nadir, Mardhiyah
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Arts Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Public Health Social Sciences

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Journal : Konversi

 1 
OPTIMASI WAKTU HIDROLISIS TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT MENJADI FURFURAL BERBANTUKAN GELOMBANG MIKRO Rahim, Marinda; Nadir, Mardhiyah
Konversi Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Oktober 2015
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v4i2.265

Abstract

Abstrak- Sebagai daerah sentra pengembangan perkebunan kelapa sawit dan industri crude palm oil (CPO), Kalimantan Timur memiliki potensi untuk menghasilkan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dalam jumlah yang cukup besar. TKKS merupakan limbah padat dari hasil industri CPO yang menggunakan tandan buah sawit (TBS) sebagai bahan bakunya.  Bagian TKKS adalah 23% dari TBS. TKKS memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi jika diolah lebih lanjut. Salah satu cara yang digunakan adalah dengan menghidrolisis kandungan pentosan di dalam TKKS menjadi furfural. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah megembangkan teknik hidrolisis satu tahap TKKS menjadi furfural dengan bantuan gelombang mikro untuk mendapatkan waktu optimum yang dapat mengasilkan furfural maksimum.. Pada penelitian ini 10 gram TKKS ditambahkan dengan 250 mL H2SO4 15% sebagai katalis. Campuran kemudian dihidrolisis menggunakan bantuan gelombang mikro dengan variasi waktu 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, dan 105 menit. Hasil analisa dengan Gas Chromatography (GC) menunjukkan hasil furfural tertinggi diperoleh pada waktu 75 menit dengan konsentrasi 1,34 mg/mL.  Kata Kunci: furfural, gelombang mikro, hidrolisis, TKKS Abstract- As a regional center for the development of oil palm plantations and crude palm oil (CPO) industry, East Kalimantan has the potential to produce oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) in large enough quantities. EFB is the solid waste from the palm oil industry which uses palm fruit bunches (FFB) as a raw material. EFB part is 23% of FFB. Whereas EFB has a high economic value if processed further. One of the method that is used to hydrolyze the content of pentosan in EFB into furfural. The purpose of this research is to develop one step hydrolysis technique of EFB into furfural  with microwaves assistance  to obtain the optimum time which can produce maximum furfural. In this research 10 grams of EFB was added with 250 mL of H2SO4 15%  as the catalyst. The mixture was then hydrolyzed using microwave-assisted with a time variety of for 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and105 minutes. The results of analysis by Gas Chromatography (GC) showed that the highest results of furfural  was at 75 minutes with a concentration of 1.34 mg / mL. Keywords: EFB, furfural, microwaves, hydrolysis
PENINGKATAN KADAR GLISEROL HASIL SAMPING PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DENGAN METODE ADSORPSI ASAM LEMAK BEBAS (ALB) MENGGUNAKAN FLY ASH Nadir, Mardhiyah; Marlinda, Marlinda
Konversi Vol 2, No 2 (2013): Oktober 2013
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v2i2.69

Abstract

Proses produksi biodiesel menimbulkan hasil samping crude glycerol sekitar 10% (w/w). Kadar gliserol dalam crude tersebut masih rendah karena masih mengandung pengotor sehingga perlu pemurnian agar dapat dimanfaatkan untuk bahan baku industri, misalnya industri obat dan kosmetika. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan kemurnian crude glycerol dengan metoda adsorpsi menggunakan fly ash dan menentukan kapasitas adsorpsinya. Data kesetimbangan adsorpsi asam lemak bebas dalam gliserol didekati dengan Model Langmuir dan Freundlich. Berat adsorben pada penelitian ini berturut- turut 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 dan 10 gram dengan waktu adsropsi bervariasi selama 40, 50, 60 , 70 dan 80 menit. Hasil pemurnian dianalisa kandungan asam lemak bebas dan gliserol. Kadar asam lemak bebas dapat teradsorpsi maksimum ketika pemurnian menggunakan 10 g adsorben selama 60 menit. Kapasitas maksimum adsorpsi sebesar 5,186x10-4 mmol/g. Berdasarkan nilai koefisien korelasi (R2) menunjukkan bahwa model Langmuir dan Freundlich cocok untuk penelitian ini. Kata kunci : adsorpsi, Crude glycerol, biodiesel, fly ash Crude glycerol is a byproduct of the production of biodiesel produced about 10% (w/w) of the weight of biodiesel . Crude glycerol still contains many impurities that cause low levels of glycerol into that utilization is not maximized . Purified glycerol widely used in several fields such as manufacture of drugs and cosmetic. Therefore, there needs to be a process of purification in order to obtain higher levels of glycerol . This study aims to perform the purification of crude glycerol to determine the method of adsorption and adsorption capacity of fly ash. Adsorption processes associated with the equilibrium adsorption performed at constant temperature (isotherms) to obtain the maximum adsorption capacity data. Langmuir and Freundlich models proposed to interpret the data of adsorption equilibrium of free fatty acids in the glycerol . This research was carried out by varying the mass of adsorbent 2.5g , 5.0g , 7.5g and 10g, and the adsorption time 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 minutes. Purification of crude glycerol were analyzed using analysis of free fatty acids and glycerol analysis. The results showed that 10g Mass adsorbent and adsorption time of 60 minutes can reduce Free Fatty Acid (FFA) that glycerol levels increased . The maximum adsorption capacity of 5.186 x10- 4 mmol/g. Based on the value of the correlation coefficient (R2) indicates that the Langmuir and Freundlich models are suitable for this study. Keywords: adsorption, crude glycerol, biodiesel, fly ash  
Co-Authors Amanda, Dea Prisca Andansari, Dita Basuki , Fadilan, Amjat Hery Widijanto Irwan, Muh. Marinda Rahim Marlinda Marlinda Muhammad Faisal Pangestu, Galih Pradeka, Reggy Nesta Putri, Dian Ramadhani Syam, Muhammad Taufik Yana, Fitri