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Applying System Dynamics to Evaluate Lean Manufacturing Interventions in a Traditional Bakery: A Case-based Conceptual Approach Fredy Sumasto; Najla Aulia; Arif Setiadi; Fahriza Putra Zaman; Muhammad Raihan Adil; Febriza Imansuri; Indra Rizki Pratama; Dianasanti Salati; B. Handoko Purwojatmiko
International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24002/ijieem.v8i1.11805

Abstract

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the traditional food sector often face operational inefficiencies caused by disorganized workspaces, inefficient layouts, and limited adoption of structured improvement practices. These challenges are particularly evident in small bakeries where manual production processes and spatial constraints disrupt workflow continuity. This study aims to analyze the relationships between operational inefficiencies and Lean Manufacturing interventions using a System Dynamics approach. A qualitative case study was conducted at Toko Roti Gelora, a traditional bakery in Jakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected through direct observation, informal interviews, and document analysis over a ten-week field study. Lean diagnostic tools, including Value Stream Mapping and Fishbone Diagram analysis, were employed to identify sources of operational waste. The findings were synthesized into a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) to represent feedback structures influencing production efficiency. The results identify four key feedback loops shaping the bakery’s operations: two reinforcing loops representing the escalation of inefficiencies and the development of Lean culture, and two balancing loops representing system stabilization through 5S implementation and layout improvements. These interactions suggest how Lean interventions may contribute to reducing search time, motion waste, waiting time, and excess inventory while supporting the development of workplace discipline over time. The study contributes by integrating Lean Manufacturing and System Dynamics to propose a systemic framework for analyzing operational efficiency in SME production systems.
Co-Authors Abdul Wahid Arohman Abdul Wahid Arohman Abdussalam Topandi Ahlan Ismono Ali Rachman Hakim Amrin Rapi Anita Putri Permatasari Ardy Riyanto Arif Dzulfikar Arif Setiadi Arrofah, Muhammad Arif B. Handoko Purwojatmiko B. Handoko Purwojatmiko Bayu Samudra Bismo Zulfikar Mustofa Busharmaidi Desy Agustin Dewi Auditiya Marizka Dianasanti Salati Dianasanti Salati Emi Rusmiati Fahriza Putra Zaman Fauziah Aulia Febriza Imansuri Feby Gusti Dendra Hakim, Ali Rachman Hermawan, Yuda Ibnu Syihab Imansuri, Febriza Irhannudin, Muhammad Irma Agustiningsih Imdam Isma Wulansari Isma Wulansari Isma Wulansari Khadijah Sayyidatun Nisa Kingwan Kingwan Kurnianto, Radif Lucyana Tresia Muhamad Fahrul Rozi Muhammad Aminuddin, Muhammad Muhammad Ardiansyah Muhammad Raihan Adil Muhammad Raihan Akbar Najla Aulia Priandi, Fajar Putra Rafi Ramadhani Jiwanto Rahimun, Farhan Bagus Rahmat Dwi Febriyanto Rahmat Dwi Febriyanto Ridho Hans Gurning Samudra, Bayu Sanurya Putri Purbaningrum Sanurya Putri Purbaningrum Saputra, Alfiolani Satria, Adam Septian Adi Cahyo Shabrina Razan Putri Pribadi Shafiratul Fajri Harisul Husna Siti Aisyah Siti Aisyah Sumasto, Fredy Wilda Sukmawati Wulansari, Isma