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PENGARUH SANKSI AMERIKA SERIKAT TERHADAP KEPATUHAN INDONESIA PADA REZIM HAK ASASI MANUSIA (HAM) DI TIMOR TIMUR Alessandro Kurniawan Ulung
Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol. 2 No. 02 (2023): Maret : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Muda Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56127/jukim.v2i02.504

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan posisi Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) sebagai rezim internasional dengan menggunakan sanksi unilateral Amerika Serikat terhadap Indonesia di Timor Timur sebagai studi kasus. Pada masa Orde Baru, pemerintah Indonesia melakukan pelanggaran HAM berat di Timor Timur. Pelanggaran tersebut mencakup teror, intimidasi, penangkapan, pembunuhan, hingga pembakaran rumah warga Timor Timur yang menyuarakan referendum agar Timor Timur merdeka dari Indonesia. Pemerintah juga membiarkan pelanggaran HAM yang dilakukan oleh milisi yang pro-integrasi. Pelanggaran HAM berat di Timor Timur menarik perhatian komunitas internasional, termasuk Amerika Serikat. Amerika Serikat mengecam dan menuntut Indonesia untuk menghentikan pelanggaran HAM di Timor Timur sebagai bentuk kepatuhan Indonesia terhadap rezim HAM. Agar Indonesia menghormati HAM di Timor Timur, Amerika Serikat mengeluarkan berbagai sanksi sebagai kekuatan politik untuk menekan Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mengukur efektivitas sanksi-sanksi tersebut terhadap Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan teori kepatuhan, penelitian ini menemukan adanya pengaruh antara sanksi unilateral yang diberikan oleh Amerika Serikat terhadap kepatuhan Indonesia terhadap rezim HAM. Kepatuhan Indonesia dibuktikan dengan kebijakan jajak pendapat yang dibuat pemerintah Indonesia untuk rakyat Timor Timur pada 1999.
“Let’s Walk My Journey”: Securitization of Refugee Issues in Indonesia through Works of Art (pp. 17-54) Alessandro Kurniawan Ulung; Clemontin Cornelia Monica Jannah
JURNAL KEAMANAN NASIONAL Vol 9 No 1 (2023): Jurnal Keamanan Nasional, Volume IX, No. 1, Juli 2023
Publisher : Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya

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Abstract

This study aims to research securitization carried out by RDI Urban Refugee Research Group (RDI UREF) through art exhibition Let’s Walk My Journey in 2022. The group used works of art to securitize human security issues faced by refugees in transit in Indonesia. The issues ranged from uncertain resettlement in a third country to the lack of human rights access to get legal employment and education in Indonesia. This study used a qualitative method, with the theory of securitization by Barry Buzan and Ole Wæver in place. The author found that UREF’s securitization sought to draw the attention of the Indonesian public in a bid to make them aware of refugee issues. The group expected the bigger public awareness to become a stronger force in urging the government to ensure refugees’ rights. Let’s Walk My Journey allowed UREF to become a securitization actor, with refugees in transit as a referent object and the Indonesian people and government as a targeted audience. In the exhibition, the group used artworks as speech acts to make the public and government realize that refugee issues were an existential threat that they need to address and solve together for the sake of humanity.
TURNING UBUD INTO UNWTO'S PROTOTYPE FOR A WORLD GASTRONOMIC DESTINATION THROUGH GASTRODIPLOMACY Ulung, Alessandro Kurniawan
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 25, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

In 2019, the Indonesian Government proposed Ubud in Bali to become the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) 's prototype for a world gastronomic destination. It turned out that, despite its rich inventory of gastronomic assets and attractions, Ubud met with challenges when convincing UNWTO to give it the title. To deal with this problem, the Indonesian Government practised gastrodiplomacy to influence UNWTO to endorse Ubud as the world gastronomic destination. This research, therefore, aims to explain the implementation of Indonesia's gastrodiplomacy. By using a qualitative method with interpretative analysis in place, I argued that the Government used gastrodiplomacy to introduce diverse culture, history and tradition behind Balinese culinary delights, including the story about the spice trail, and used them as soft power to convince UNWTO that Ubud had ticked all the criteria of the world gastronomic destination. The Government saw the spice trail story as the strength of Ubud's gastronomic tourism because it can explain why Balinese dishes are rich in flavour, cultural and historical values. The Government also invited non-state actors to take part in the project. Though they did different strategies for implementing gastrodiplomacy, their collaboration strengthened Indonesia's gastrodiplomacy in convincing UNWTO to promote Ubud as the world gastronomic destination.
Peluang dan Tantangan Indonesia-Australia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Pasca Terbentuknya Kerja Sama Pertahanan Trilateral AUKUS Saputro, Pradono Budi; Ulung, A. Kurniawan; Abdurrohim, Muhammad; Hafizh, Al
Indonesian Perspective Vol 9, No 1 (2024): (Januari-Juni 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ip.v9i1.52062

Abstract

Indonesia and Australia are neighboring countries with fluctuate bilateral relations. In 2018, they formed Indonesia-Australia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (IA-CSP) to enhance their partnerships in strategic sectors for the stability of regional security in the Indo-Pacific. However, the problem came up in 2021 when Australia established trilateral defense cooperation AUKUS with the United Kingdom and the United States. This cooperation facilitates Australia to have nuclear-powered submarines to strengthen its military power. This cooperation has raised the eyebrows of Indonesia as it is against IA-CSP’s pillars, particularly pillar on securing the two countries and the region’s shared interest, and pillar on contributing to Indo-Pacific stability and prosperity. Therefore, Indonesia regretted Australia’s participation in AUKUS because the former deemed the latter to have violated its commitment on IA-CSP. This research aims to analyze IA-CSP’s opportunities and challenges post-establishment of AUKUS. It used a qualitative method, with interviews and literature review in place to collect data. The authors used regional security complex theory and strategic partnership concept for analysis. This research found that AUKUS does not disrupt the implementation of IA-CSP because the cooperation instead provides opportunities that Indonesia can utilize for its national interest. However, AUKUS poses challenges that Indonesia needs to tackle.
Efektivitas Program Kerja Sama Unaids-Indonesia Tentang HIV/AIDS Melalui Media Sosial Instagram @Tanya Marlo Andina Mustika Ayu; Alessandro Kurniawan Ulung
Jurnal Netnografi Komunikasi Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): JNK Terakreditasi Nasional Peringkat SINTA 5 berdasarkan SK KemdiktiSaintek RI
Publisher : Communication Science Department - Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Satya Negara Indonesia (USNI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (140.61 KB) | DOI: 10.59408/netnografi.v1i2.12

Abstract

Abstract - An international organization dealing with issues related to HIV/AIDS, The Joint United Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) under the auspices of the United Nations, cooperates with the provincial government of DKI Jakart. The collaboration through the fast track cities agenda is to achieve an understanding of the status of HIV/AIDS through the Tanya Marlo application. Because Tanya Marlo is still in a pilot project, researchers are testing the effectiveness of this program, whether this has an effect on increasing the expected target achievement. HIV/AIDS is a global problem that will continue to occur, and if it is not handled together, the consequences will significantly affect the order of life in the international community. Thus, solving cases must also use all forms of approaches in today's modern era such as the use of online communication media which can reach targets more quickly and at a more affordable cost. From the data that has been processed by researchers, the UNAIDS-Indonesia collaboration program through the socialization of Tanya Marlo in understanding HIV/AIDS status in key populations in DKI Jakarta has been effectively carried out.
TRANSFORMASI OCCUPY WALL STREET MENJADI GERAKAN SOSIAL GLOBAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF KOSMOPOLITANISME Ulung, Alessandro Kurniawan; Ayu, Andina Mustika; Dwijayanti, Risqi Inayah
Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol. 2 No. 05 (2023): September: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Muda Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56127/jukim.v2i05.910

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis transformasi gerakan Occupy Wall Street (Kuasai Wall Street) dari gerakan sosial lokal di Amerika Serikat menjadi gerakan sosial global. Gerakan ini pertama kali berawal di Amerika Serikat pada tahun 2011, tetapi kemudian menjadi gerakan global yang terjadi di lebih dari 80 negara, dari Italia, Spanyol, hingga Portugal. Gerakan ini memprotes ketimpangan ekonomi yang disebabkan oleh politik uang di distrik keuangan Wall Street di New York. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan teori kosmopolitanisme. Penulis menemukan bahwa Occupy Wall Street Gerakan berhasil menjadi gerakan sosial global karena beberapa faktor, mulai dari struktur mobilisasi yang efektif, peluang struktur politik yang mendukung, repertoar yang menginspirasi, hingga framing yang sukses dilakukan oleh norm entrepreneur atau pengusaha norma. Pengusaha norma ini berhasil mengangkat isu bahwa keserakahan dan korupsi berada di balik ketimpangan sosial dan ekonomi di seluruh dunia. Untuk memprotes perusahaan dan pemerintah yang rakus dan korup, mereka menduduki taman, bank, kantor pusat perusahaan, universitas, dan rapat dewan.
The Influence Of Jalal Al-Din Rumi’s Thoughts In Rumi Diplomacy Alessandro Kurniawan Ulung; Clemontin Cornelia Monica Jannah
Journal of Islamic Civilization Vol 5 No 1 (2023): Journal of Islamic Civilizatioan
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/jic.v5i1.3981

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This study discusses the thoughts of renowned Sufi poet Jalal Al-din Rumi behind Rumi Diplomacy, rolled out by Fadjroel Rachman, Indonesian Ambassador to Kazakhstan and Tajikistan. Rumi Diplomacy takes place in a way that the ambassador uses Rumi’s works to enhance bilateral ties with Tajikistan. Rumi Diplomacy implies that the ambassador considers Rumi’s thoughts soft power in his foreign policy. This study uses a qualitative method, with the theory of foreign-policy analysis by Harold and Margaret Sprout in place. This theory enables the author to find that Rumi’s thoughts on religious moderation, universal love, and universal faith influenced Rachman’s psychological environment to perceive such thoughts as soft power to reach Indonesia’s national interests in Tajikistan. It means that he considers the development of Rumi’s influence in Indonesia as the operational environment in making his foreign policy. To identify and understand his psychological and operational environments, the author interviewed the ambassador, read Rumi’s works, and reviewed the literature. This study, which is the first to research Rumi Diplomacy, contributes to shedding light thatin international politics, literature work should not be overlooked because it can also affect the decision-making process and help a country reach national interests without coercion.
PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN PROGRAM NURSE AND CAREWORKER DALAM INDONESIA JAPAN ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT PADA 2019-2023 Syuhaimi, Achmad; Tarigan, Djoesept Harmat; Ulung, Alessandro Kurniawan
Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Keimigrasian Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Keimigrasian
Publisher : Polteknik Imigrasi

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Abstract

Indonesia dan Jepang bekerja sama dalam perjanjian Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA). Kerja sama G to G ini memiliki berbagai program salah satunya di bidang jasa yaitu nurse and careworker. Kerja sama program ini dilatarbelakangi oleh femonena demografi yang terjadi yakni peningkatan jumlah penduduk lanjut usia menyebabkan kebutuhan tenaga perawat di Jepang. Sedangkan Indonesia memiliki jumlah tenaga perawat yang besar membutuhkan penyerapan tenaga kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peluang dan tantangan dalam dinamika yang terjadi pada tahun 2019-2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian deskriptif analitis. Peneliti menggunakan teori game theory : positive sum game dengan konsep kerja sama internasional dan pekerja migran. Urgensi penelitian untuk menganalisa sejauh mana peluang dan tantangan yang terjadi dalam dinamika kerja sama ini. Hasil penelitian yang didapat adalah kerja sama ini saling menguntungkan kedua Negara, akan tetapi keuntungan tersebut masih jauh dibawah titik maksimal. Dari 200 kuota nurse yang diberikan Jepang, Indonesia masih belum bisa memenuhi sejak awal berjalannya kerja sama ini meskipun kuota careworker hampir selalu terpenuhi. Kerja sama IJEPA program nurse and careworker saling menguntungkan kedua belah pihak, akan tetapi keuntungan yang dihasilkan masih di bawah target.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AUKUS IN AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY IN THE INDO-PACIFIC Ulung, Alessandro Kurniawan
Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies Vol 12, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Pengkajian Amerika, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/rubikon.v12i1.103392

Abstract

This research aims to examine the implementation of AUKUS in the Indo-Pacific. AUKUS is a trilateral security partnership between the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, to enable Australia to acquire nuclear-powered submarines. The transfer of the submarines under AUKUS raised tensions between the U.S. and China and some Southeast Asian countries. They slammed the U.S., claiming the partnership could destabilize security in the Indo-Pacific. Despite these rising tensions, the U.S. continues to advance AUKUS. This research seeks to explore the implementation of AUKUS, discussing how the American government achieves the objective of the partnership. This research uses Graham Allison's Rational Actor Theory and employs a qualitative method to examine the calculation of costs and benefits behind the establishment of AUKUS and to analyze its implementation, with interviews and a literature review in place. This research finds that the U.S. is gradually implementing AUKUS by initiating training programs and joint military exercises aimed at preparing Australian personnel to operate nuclear-powered submarines effectively. Despite growing protests against AUKUS, the U.S. remains committed to maintaining this partnership due to its strategic benefits: enhancing power projection, expanding influence, and strengthening deterrence in the Indo-Pacific. This research contributes to enriching literature on AUKUS.
Human Security in Carbon Footprint Calculator Program for the Development of Sustainable Tourism in Indonesia Ulung, Alessandro Kurniawan; Abdurrohim, Muhammad; Saputro, Pradono Budi; Tarigan, Djoesept Harmat; Dwijayanti, Risqi Inayah; Ayu, Andina Mustika
Journal of Tourism and Creativity Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): Creative Generation & Destination
Publisher : Rumah Jurnal UNEJ

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/jtc.v9i1.53577

Abstract

This article aims to examine the Carbon Footprint Calculator (CFC) program carried out by the Indonesian government to realize sustainable tourism in Indonesia. The CFC program facilitates travelers to calculate the carbon emissions they produce during their trips. The calculation of the carbon footprint left by the travelers is then converted into the amount of money that they need to pay as their responsibility for polluting the environment. The CFC program will use the money to restore the environment through various carbon offset initiatives, such as the trees-planting initiative and eco-tourism development. To formulate the CFC program, the Indonesian government teamed up with a non-state actor, Jejak.in, which invented the technology of calculating carbon emissions. As such, this article seeks to describe how the CFC program operates in Indonesia and what causes explain the program. To that end, we employ a qualitative research method. This method allows us to combine interviews with a systematic literature review to explore the CFC program. Using the human security concept, we argue that the government rolled out the CFC program because carbon emissions generated in the tourism industry have posed a bigger threat to human security in the country, causing issues in environmental security, health security, and economic security. In the CFC program, the state actor not only expects the travelers to have a greater awareness of the carbon emission threat to the three securities above but also urges them to take responsibility for the emissions they produce and take part in realizing low carbon and sustainable tourist destinations. CFC works in a way that the government and Jejak.in utilize the website indonesia.travel to facilitate travelers to count and offset their carbon footprint.