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The 22 February 2018 landslide mechanism in Pasir Panjang Village, Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia Wahyu Wilopo; Adam Raka Ekasara; Hendy Setiawan; Dwikorita Karnawati
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 4, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2245.096 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jag.53255

Abstract

On 22 February 2018 landslide occurred in Pasir Panjang Village, Salem District, Brebes Regency of Central Java Province, Indonesia. About 8 people were died, 4 people were injured and several infrastructures were damaged due to this landslide. This research is carried out to understand geological-geotechnical condition and to study the initiation mechanism of the landslide. Field investigation and UAV mapping are carried out to detect slip surface and define slope geometry. The rainfall-induced pore-water pressure is estimated by using the Slope Infiltration Distributed Equilibrium (SLIDE) model. Then, limit equilibrium method is used to estimate the safety factor of the slope, while the shear strength parameters are determined by applying back analysis approach that compared with data from laboratory tests. The results show that landslide occurred in permeable layer of silty sand overlaid above impermeable andesitic breccia. Results from back analysis indicate that the shear strength parameters and rainfall intensity are strongly influence the stability of slope against landslide.
ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN WAKTU RUNTUH DAN DIMENSI KERUNTUHAN TEROWONGAN BAWAH TANAH BERDASARKAN PERHITUNGAN RMR DI LOKASI CIBITUNG, KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG, PROVINSI BANTEN Daniel Radityo, S.T., M.T.; Thema Arrisaldi; Hasan Tri Atmojo; Adam Raka Ekasara; Lilik Eko Saputro
Jurnal Ilmiah MTG Vol 13, No 2 (2022): Jurnal Ilmiah MTG Volume 13 No. 2, Desember 2022
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Geologi Fakultas Teknologi Mineral UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/jmtg.v13i3.9393

Abstract

ABSTRAK - Pengamanan kegiatan penambangan bawah tanah dilakukan bertujuan untuk menjaga stabilitas dan keamanan lubang bukaan terowongan dari reruntuhan batuan. Pengamanan kegiatan penambangan bawah tanah diperlukan kajian rekayasa geologi teknik seperti pemetaan lapangan, perhitungan Rock Mass Rating (RMR), tinggi bukaan terowongan bawah tanah, waktu runtuh (stand-up time), serta dimensi keruntuhan (beban runtuh, tinggi runtuh, dan beban luas atap). Penelitian ini menggunakan data kondisi geologi secara umum, pemetaan lapangan, perhitungan Rock Mass Rating (RMR), waktu runtuh (stand-up time), dimensi keruntuhan (beban runtuh, tinggi runtuh, dan beban luas atap). Kondisi geologi secara umum di daerah produksi CBT_1106_RMU_NTH dan CBT_1106_RMU_STH berupa batuan porfiritik andesit dengan dominan mineral kuarsa, memiliki jenis tekstur kuarsa crusiform, terdapat beberapa kekar menerus dengan panjang 1-3 m yang terisi dengan mineral hard filling lebar 1-5 mm, kekuatan batuan termasuk medium strong, sebagian teralterasi oleh mineral silika. Nilai RMR untuk daerah CBT_1106_RMU_NTH lebih tinggi dibandingkan CBT_1106_RMU_STH karena adanya pengaruh kondisi air tanah dengan tingkat pelapukan yang berbeda. Waktu runtuh daerah CBT_1106_RMU_NTH dapat bertahan lebih lama dibandingkan CBT_1106_RMU_STH karena daerah tersebut lebih stabil. Dimensi keruntuhan CBT_1106_RMU_NTH lebih pendek dan lebih ringan dibandingkan daerah CBT_1106_RMU_STH. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi tinggi bukaan efektif tanpa penguatan.Kata kunci: geologi teknik, RMR, waktu runtuh, tinggi runtuh, beban runtuh. ABSTRACT - Securing underground mining activities is done purposely to maintain the stability and safety of underground mining openings from rock debris. Securing underground mining activities requires geological engineering studies such as field mapping, calculation of Rock Mass Rating (RMR), underground tunnel height, stand-up time, and collapse dimensions (collapse load, collapse height, and roof area load). This study uses data on general geological conditions, field mapping, calculation of Rock Mass Rating (RMR), stand-up time, collapse dimensions (collapse load, collapse height, and roof area load). The general geological conditions in the CBT_1106_RMU_NTH and CBT_1106_RMU_STH production areas are porphyritic andesitic rocks with dominant quartz minerals, have a crusiform quartz texture type, there are several continuous joints with a length of 1-3 m filled with hard filling minerals 1-5 mm wide, rock strength including medium strong, partially altered by silica minerals. The RMR value for the CBT_1106_RMU_NTH area is higher than CBT_1106_RMU_STH due to the influence of groundwater conditions with different levels of weathering. The collapse time for the CBT_1106_RMU_NTH area can last longer than CBT_1106_RMU_STH because this area is more stable. The CBT_1106_RMU_NTH collapse dimension is shorter and lighter than the CBT_1106_RMU_STH region. This study provides a high recommendation of effective aperture without reinforcement.Keywords: engineering geology, RMR, stand-up time, collapse height, collapse load
Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis dan Analisis Bibliometrik Penelitian Kerentanan Airtanah di Indonesia (2013-2021) Adam Raka Ekasara; Nuha Amiratul Afifah; Riska Aprilia Triyadi; Thema Arrisaldi; Daniel Radityo; Hasan Tri Atmojo
Jurnal Ilmiah Geologi PANGEA Vol 9, No 1sp (2022): Jurnal Ilmiah Geologi PANGEA Edisi Spesial
Publisher : PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK GEOLOGI FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI MINERAL UPN VETERAN YOGYAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/jigp.v9i1sp.9404

Abstract

Abstrak - Kebutuhan masyarakat terkait dengan airtanah semakin meningkat. Penilaian kerentanan airtanah menjadi salah satu cara untuk melindungi sumber daya airtanah agar tidak tercemar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan tinjauan literatur sistematis dan analisis bibliometrik untuk penelitian kerentanan airtanah di Indonesia menggunakan basis data Scopus. Parameter yang dianalisis berupa jumlah terbitan, sumber jurnal/prosiding, kata kunci dan jumlah kutipan. Dari hasil pencarian didapatkan 26 artikel dari 74 penulis pada rentang 2013-2021. Kata kunci populer yang muncul pada penelitian diantaranya groundwater pollution, groundwater vulnerability, groundwater resources, aquifers, dan groundwater. Pengolahan data dan visualisasi menggunakan aplikasi Bibliometrix dan VOSviewer. Dari hasil analisis disusun peta tematik yang menggambarkan 4 kuadran berdasarkan tingkat kepadatan dan tingkat sentralitas. Peta tematik ini diharapkan bisa menjadi acuan untuk penelitian kerentanan airtanah di Indonesia.  Kata kunci: airtanah, analisis bibliometrik, Bibliometrix VOSviewerAbstract - The needs of the community related to groundwater are increasing. Assessing groundwater vulnerability is one way to protect groundwater resources from being polluted. This study aims to review systematic literature and bibliometric analysis for groundwater vulnerability research in Indonesia using the Scopus database. The parameters were analyzed through several publications, journals/proceedings, keywords and total citations. The search results found 26 articles from 74 authors in the range 2013-2021. Popular keywords that emerged in research include groundwater pollution, groundwater vulnerability, groundwater resources, aquifers, and groundwater. Data processing and visualization using the bibliometric and VOSviewer applications. The results of the analysis compiled a thematic map that describes 4 quadrants based on density and centrality levels. This thematic map is expected to be a reference for groundwater vulnerability research in Indonesia.Keywords: groundwater, bibliometric analysis, Bibliometrix VOSviewer
Tinjauan Literatur dan Analisis Hubungan Kerapatan Kontur terhadap Resistensi Batuan Daerah Watukumpul, Kabupaten Pemalang, Provinsi Jawa Tengah Daniel Radityo; Adam Raka Ekasara; Hasan Tri Atmojo; Thema Arrisaldi; Dwi Rachmawati
Jurnal Ilmiah Geologi PANGEA Vol 10, No 2 (2023): Jurnal Ilmiah Geologi Pangea
Publisher : PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK GEOLOGI FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI MINERAL UPN VETERAN YOGYAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/jigp.v10i2.11189

Abstract

ABSTRAK - Daerah penelitian berada di Kecamatan Watukumpul, Kabupaten Pemalang, Provinsi Jawa Tengah secara administratif, dan terletak di dalam Zona Pegunungan Serayu Utara dan sedikit Gunungapi Kuarter menurut pembagian fisiografi Jawa Tengah oleh Van Bemmelen (1949). Berdasarkan jenis dan keterdapatan batuannya, litologi daerah penelitian dapat dibagi menjadi empat satuan batuan, yang terurut dari tua ke muda yaitu satuan batulempung, satuan batupasir, satuan breksi vulkanik dan intrusi diorit. Struktur geologi yang berkembang umumnya terjadi pada periode tektonik Miosen tengah, berupa struktur lipatan Antiklin Tlagasana dan kekar. Struktur kekar terdiri kekar gerus dan kekar tarik. Geomorfologi dearah penelitian dapat dibedakan menjadi lima satuan yaitu satuan geomorfologi perbukitan struktural agak curam, satuan geomorfologi perbukitan struktural curam, satuan geomorfologi perbukitan denudasional agak curam, satuan geomorfologi perbukitan vulkanik curam, satuan geomorfologi perbukitan intrusi agak curam. Kajian penelitian berupa tinjauan literatur yang menghubungkan antara kerapatan lereng Van Zuidam (1985) terhadap resistensi batuan dalam hal ini berupa kekuatan batuan Price (2009). Kata kunci: geologi teknik, resisten, kuat tekan, geomorfologi, kontur. ABSTRACT - The research area is located administratively in the Watukumpul District, Pemalang Regency, Central Java Province, and falls within the Northern Serayu Mountain Zone and the Kuarter Volcanic Quarter according to the physiographic division of Central Java by Van Bemmelen (1949). Based on the type and distribution of rock formations, lithology of the research area can be divided into four rock units, arranged from oldest to youngest, namely the claystone unit, sandstone unit, volcanic breccia unit, and diorite intrusion. Geological structures in the area primarily developed during the middle Miocene tectonic period, consisting of the Anticlinic Tlagasana folding structure and various types of fractures, including shear fractures and tension fractures. The geomorphology of the research area can be distinguished into five units, which are the structural hilly geomorphology with moderately steep slopes, steep structural hilly geomorphology, moderately steep denudational hilly geomorphology, steep volcanic hilly geomorphology, and moderately steep intrusive hilly geomorphology units. The research study involves a literature review that connects the relationship between slope density as proposed by Van Zuidam (1985) and rock resistance, specifically in terms of rock strength as described by Price (2009). Keywords: engineering geology, resistance, compressive strength, geomorphology, contour.
Analisis Bibliometrik Perkembangan Penelitian Intrusi Air Laut: Tren dan Pertumbuhan (1972-2023) Adam Raka Ekasara; Daniel Radityo; Thema Arrisaldi; Hasan Tri Atmojo
Jurnal Ilmiah Geologi PANGEA Vol 10, No 2 (2023): Jurnal Ilmiah Geologi Pangea
Publisher : PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK GEOLOGI FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI MINERAL UPN VETERAN YOGYAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/jigp.v10i2.11163

Abstract

Abstrak – Intrusi air laut merupakan fenomena geologis yang memiliki implikasi signifikan terhadap wilayah pesisir dan sumber daya air tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis bibliometrik tentang penelitian intrusi air laut dan mengungkapkan tren dan temuan penting dalam literatur ilmiah yang terkait. Metodologi penelitian mencakup pengumpulan data hingga analisis dan interpretasi. Data diperoleh melalui identifikasi dan pengumpulan artikel dari sumber data, seperti jurnal ilmiah dan prosiding dengan menggunakan database Scopus. Kriteria seleksi yang jelas diterapkan untuk memilih artikel yang relevan, termasuk pembatasan jenis publikasi, bahasa, dan kriteria topik. Analisis bibliometrik dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi Bibliometrix berbasis R, yang melibatkan analisis jumlah publikasi per tahun, produktivitas penulis, jurnal yang paling sering mempublikasikan penelitian, serta analisis kata kunci dan sitasi. Hasil analisis mengungkapkan pertumbuhan yang signifikan dalam penelitian intrusi air laut selama periode tertentu, dengan tingkat pertumbuhan tahunan sebesar 11,03%.  Hasil analisis mengidentifikasi empat kelompok tema yang relevan untuk arah penelitian dan kolaborasi dalam bidang ini. Kata Kunci: Intrusi air laut, Analisis bibliometrik, Tren penelitian Abstract –Seawater Intrusion is a geological phenomenon with significant implications for coastal regions and groundwater resources. This research aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of seawater intrusion research and unveil key trends and findings within the relevant academic literature. The research methodology encompasses data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Data is gathered through the identification and collection of articles from sources such as scientific journals and proceedings using the Scopus database. Clear selection criteria are applied to choose pertinent articles, including constraints on publication type, language, and topic criteria. The bibliometric analysis is executed employing the Bibliometrix application based on the R platform. This analysis encompasses the examination of the number of publications per year, author productivity, the most prolific journals in publishing research in this domain, as well as the analysis of keywords and citations. The results of this analysis disclose a substantial growth in seawater intrusion research during a specific period, with an annual growth rate of 11.03%. Furthermore, the analysis identifies four distinct thematic groups that are pertinent to the research direction and collaboration within this field. Keywords: Seawater Intrusion, Bibliometric Analysis, Research Trends
Pemetaan Kerawanan Fisik Longsor Kecamatan Petungkriyono Dengan Metode Pembobotan Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum No. 22/PRT/M/2007 Arrisaldi, Thema; Radityo, Daniel; Atmojo, Hasan Tri; Ekasara, Adam Raka
Jurnal Ilmiah Geomatika Vol 2, No 2 (2022): Oktober Jurnal Ilmiah Geomatika
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Geomatika Fakultas Teknologi Mineral Universitas Pembangunan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (705.997 KB) | DOI: 10.31315/imagi.v2i2.9415

Abstract

Kecamatan Petungkriyono merupakan salah satu kecamatan di Kabupaten Pekalongan yang memiliki kondisi morfologi berupa pegunungan dan lembah. Hal ini membuat Petungkriyono sering terjadi bencana longsor yang merugikan masyarakat, oleh karena itu pemetaan kerawanan longsor perlu dilakukan pada daerah ini. Metode Pembobotan menggunakan Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum No. 22/PRT/M/2007 mengenai penataan kawasan rawan bencana longsor. Dalam pemetaan kerawanan fisik ini terdiri dari 7 parameter, yaitu : kelerengan (30%), kondisi geologi (20%), kondisi tataguna lahan(10%), densitas aliran air (7%), tebal tanah(15%), kondisi curah hujan (15%), dan kondisi kegempaan (3%). Metode pemetaan yang dilakukan yaitu dengan pemetaan langsung kemudian dilakukan pengolahan data untuk setiap parameter dan analisis overlay menggunakan sistem informasi geografis (SIG). Hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan kondisi kelerngan daerah ini memiliki kelerengan rendah hingga kelerengan tinggi. Kondisi geologi daerah ini dibagi menjadi 4 satuan batuan, yaitu : endapan bongkah andsesit basaltic, satuan vulkanik III (lava dan breksi vulkanik), satuan vulkanik II (lava dan breksi vulkanik), dan satuan vulkanik I (lava dan breksi vulkanik). Kondisi tataguna lahan area ini didominasi oleh hutan dan perkebunan. Kondisi ketebalan tanah menunjukan daerah ini didominasi dengan tabal tanah yang > 1 meter dengan kondisi tidak gembur. Densitas aliran air didominasi oleh densitas aliran air sedang hingga tinggi. Kondisi curah hujan daerah Petungkriyono memiliki curah hujan yang tinnggi (>2000mm/tahun), sedangkan kondisi kegempaan pada daerah ini terletak pada area dengan kegempaan rendah. Setelah mendapatkan kondisi parameter dilakukan pembobotan dengan Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum No. 22/PRT/M/2007 dengan menggunakan SIG hasilnya berupa peta kerawanan fisik longsor. Kondisi kerawanan fisik longsor daerah Petungkriyono terdapat 3 kerawanan fisik yaitu : kerawanan fisik rendah memiliki luasan 0,0228 km2, kerawanan fisik sedang memiliki luasan 73,88 km2, dan kerawanan fisik tinggi memiliki luasan 10,27 km2
A Hydrogeochemistry Analysis for Quality Determination of Shallow Karstic Groundwater in Western Tuban, Indonesia Pambudi, Setia; Sulistijo, Budi; Iskandar, Irwan; Yudiantoro, Dwi Fitri; Haty, Intan Paramita; Ekasara, Adam Raka; Afrilita; Yoni, Dian Rahma; Pratomo, Septyo Uji
Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology Vol. 9 No. 04 (2024): JGEET Vol 09 No 04 : December (2024)
Publisher : UIR PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/jgeet.2024.9.04.15926

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Groundwater hydrogeochemistry and water quality assessment have been conducted in western Tuban, Indonesia, which is characterized by its karstic features based on physicochemical parameters (pH, electric conductivity, total dissolved solids, hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, K+, Na+, Li+, NH4+, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, NO2-, and NO3-) from 25 shallow groundwater samples. The Piper diagram implies the groundwater is of HCO3–Ca+Mg type with some Na+K–SO4+Cl type meaning that the groundwater in Western Tuban is influenced by the silicate minerals weathering, the dissolution of carbonate lithology, and seawater intrusion. Durov diagram shows that the evolution of groundwater is influenced by ion exchange with clay minerals and by mixing with seawater. The Gibbs diagram indicates that the change in the chemistry and quality of groundwater is caused by a dominance of rock-water interaction in the Western Tuban. The water quality assessment based on the USSL and Wilcox diagrams indicates a high level of salinity and relatively low sodium, meaning that the suggested crops should have good salt tolerance, and the cultivated soil should still be able to handle the relatively low sodium level for irrigation.
Analisa Komposisi Material Bawah Tanah Hasil Letusan Gunung Merapi di Dusun Mliwis, Kecamatan Cepogo, Boyolali dengan Metode Geolistrik Resistivitas Konfigurasi Wenner Schlumberger Aminulloh, Dzikru; Susilowati; Ekasara, Adam Raka; Adha, Ikhwannur
Jurnal Ilmiah Geomatika Vol. 5 No. 1: April 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Geomatika Fakultas Teknologi Mineral Universitas Pembangunan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/imagi.v5i1.14880

Abstract

Dusun Mliwis, Kecamatan Cepogo, Kabupaten Boyolali adalah salahsatu area yang terdampak letusan Gunung Merapi dan menjadi area sampel pengambilan data geolistrik resistivitas. Metode geolistrik adalah metode geofisika yang digunakan untuk mengetahui lokasi, kedalaman, ketebalan dan komposisi material tanah dan batuan dibawah permukaan bumi. Dimana dari pengukuran geolistrik resistivitas  didapatkan 4 lapisan material sedimen, yaitu lapisan tuf, lapisan pasir, lapisan campuran pasir dengan kerikil dan kerakal dan lapisan lava atau boulder andesit. Dari hasil interpretasi material bawah tanah di Desa Mliwis didominasi oleh lapisan pasir dan campuran pasir dengan kerikil-kerakal.
Zonasi Kerentanan Airtanah Menggunakan Analytic Hierarchy Process pada Daerah Tangkapan Air Waduk Gajah Mungkur, Wonogiri Ekasara, Adam Raka; Yudhistira, Damar; Hidayah, Ulfa Uslifatul; Himawan, Dimas Adhitya; Herdiyanti, Merinda
Jurnal Ilmiah Geomatika Vol. 5 No. 1: April 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Geomatika Fakultas Teknologi Mineral Universitas Pembangunan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/imagi.v5i1.14884

Abstract

Daerah Tangkapan Air Waduk (DTA) Gajah Mungkur merupakan salah satu daerah tangkapan air yang berada pada daerah aliran sungai (DAS) Sungai Bengawan Solo. DTA ini terletak pada Kabupaten Wonogiri, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) untuk mengetahui zona kerentanan airtanah pada DTA Waduk Gajah Mungkur. Parameter yang digunakan dalam pembobotan meliputi litologi, kerapatan kelurusan, kerapatan drainase, curah hujan, penggunaan lahan, serta kemiringan lereng. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas daerah tangkapan air Waduk Gajah Mungkur masuk kedalam zonasi sedang hingga sangat rentan, dimana kelas sedang berada pada bobot nilai 200-300, kelas rentan pada bobot nilai 300-400, dan kelas sangat rentan pada bobot nilai 400-500. DTA Waduk Gajah Mungkur didominasi oleh daerah kerentanan dengan kelas rentan sebanyak sekitar 63% total luas daerah penelitian.
Unveiling Heterogeneity's Reservoar Impact: A Reservoir Simulation Odyssey Into Cyclic Waterflooding Dynamics Ratna Widyaningsih; Edgie Yuda Kaesti; Dhika Permana Jati; Fahrur Rozi; Suwardi Suwardi; Adam Raka Ekasara
International Journal of Industrial Innovation and Mechanical Engineering Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): August: International Journal of Industrial Innovation and Mechanical Engineeri
Publisher : Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Teknik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61132/ijiime.v2i3.335

Abstract

Reservoir heterogeneity has long been recognized as a critical factor influencing the efficiency of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. Among the techniques applied, cyclic waterflooding is considered one of the promising approaches due to its relatively simple operational design and potential to improve sweep efficiency. This method involves alternating water injection in specific cycles to mobilize trapped oil and redistribute reservoir pressure. However, the variation in geological properties such as porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation creates challenges in achieving uniform displacement, especially in reservoirs with high heterogeneity. Understanding the role of heterogeneity is therefore crucial for optimizing cyclic waterflooding applications. This study applies a literature review approach by synthesizing findings from previous experimental and field studies that evaluated cyclic waterflooding under different reservoir conditions. The analysis compares the performance of cyclic water injection periods across reservoirs characterized by varying levels of heterogeneity. Parameters such as injection rate, water breakthrough time, and oil recovery factor were considered in evaluating the effectiveness of this method. The results highlight that reservoirs with high heterogeneity often experience uneven fluid distribution, leading to early water breakthrough and reduced oil recovery. In contrast, reservoirs with relatively low heterogeneity tend to respond better to cyclic waterflooding, resulting in improved sweep efficiency and higher incremental recovery. Moreover, the optimization of cycle timing and water injection intervals appears to significantly mitigate the negative effects of heterogeneity. In conclusion, the study emphasizes that reservoir heterogeneity plays a decisive role in determining the success of cyclic waterflooding. Tailoring injection strategies based on geological variability is essential to maximize recovery efficiency. Future research should focus on integrating advanced reservoir characterization techniques with adaptive cyclic flooding models to further enhance oil production outcomes.