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Sensitivity of Escherichia coli Bacteria Towards Antibiotics in Patient with Diabetic Foot Ulcer Sari, Rafika; Apridamayanti, Pratiwi; Puspita, Indira Diah
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 5, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Chronic complication of diabetes mellitus is diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetic foot ulcer can be defined as an open wound in the feet which will become infected as the result of high blood sugar levels that develops and become place of bacteria. One of the bacteria in diabetic foot ulcer is Escherichia coli. Imprecise use of antibiotics in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers can cause antibiotic resistance to bacteria. This study aims to determine antibiotic sensitivity of Escherichia coli bacteria in diabetic foot ulcer Wagner grade III and IV. Samples of diabetic foot ulcer swab’s with Wagner grade III and IV were taken as Consecutive sampling. Identification of Escherichia coli bacteria is done by using a biochemical test and Gram stain test. Antibiotic sensitivity test is conducted by using Kirby Bauer’s disc of diffusion method. Escherichia coli bacteria that were tested are sensitive to amikacine, gentamicine, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacine, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, imipenem and meropenem antibiotics but showed resistant to cefadroxil.

Penentuan Nilai FICI Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Daun Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera (L) Burm.f) dan Gentamisin Sulfat Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli A’lana, Lu’lu’; Sari, Rafika; Apridamayanti, Pratiwi
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 4, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The combined use of natural materials and antibiotic compound is one of treatment that can be done against infections caused by bacteria. This combination is expected to be more potent to inhibit the bacteria with lower side effects. FICI (Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index) is an index that can indicate the activity of a combination of natural ingredients and antibiotic compounds. FICI would indicate that the combination has a synergistic effect, additive, indifferent or antagonistic. The aim of this study is to determine the FICI to the combination of Aloe vera leaves skin (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.) ethanol extract and gentamicin sulphate againts Escherichia coli. FICI was determined by disc diffusion method. Combination of Aloe vera leaves skin (Aloe vera(L.) Burm.f.) ethanol extract and gentamicin sulphate with concentration of 1.25 mg/mL + 2,5 µg/mL was not form zone of inhibition; while the concentration of 2.5 mg/ml + 5 µg/ mL formed zone of inhibition of 6.95 mm; 6.75 mm; and 6.65 mm. The results showed that the combination of Aloe vera leaves skin (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.) ethanol extract and gentamicin sulphate against the Escherichia coli has the indifference effect on Escherichia coli, and FICI to this combination is 2.

Efektivitas SNEDDS Ekstrak Kulit Manggis Terhadap Bakteri P. mirabilis dan S. epidermidis yang Terdapat pada Ulkus Diabetik Sari, Rafika; Pratiwi, Liza; Apridamayanti, Pratiwi
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 3, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Mangosteen rind possesses the ability to conduct antibacterial activity. Under the development relating to drug delivery system, SNEDDS were known to boost the penetration of active compound. The aim of this research is to compare the effectiveness of the antibacterial activity at both SNEDDS preparation and the ethanol extract of mangosteen rind as the antibacteria against the bacteria that cause diabetic ulcers with the most prevalence whether it was Gram positive or Gram negative bacteria like Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The research started by maceration process with the crude extract as the result continued with the phytochemical screening which subsequently prepared as SNEDDS preparations. The SNEDDS preparation prepared earlier were then analyzed to see the content of the active compound using spectrophotometer UV-Vis and the measuring of antibacteria activity with bacteria growth inhibitory parameter at ethanol extract SNEDDS preparations of mangosteen rind then compared to ciprofloxacin and were analyzed the data afterwards using ANOVA. The results shows that SNEDDS preparation of mangosteen extract have an activity against both typed of bacteria that cause diabetic ulcers shows by significant differences between both group which is P.mirabilis bacteria group and S.epidermidis bacteria group in ANOVA test with significant number of 0,000 and shows significant differences between both group.

Skrining Aktivitas Antibakteri Bakteriosin dari MinumanCe Hun Tiau Sari, Rafika; Deslianri, Lia; Apridamayanti, Pratiwi
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 3, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Lactic acid bacteria is one of the beneficial bacteria because it can produce an antimicrobial peptide called bacteriocin. Bacteriocin has been applied as a natural food preservative because it effectively prevents the growth of pathogenic bacteria in food or drink. This study aims to identify the lactic acid bacteria as producers of bacteriocin from Ce hun tiau which have inhibitory activity againts pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococus aureus and Salmonella typhi. In this study, Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from Ce Hun Tiau using streak plate method on media deMan Rogose Sharpe. Screening bacteriocin using disc diffusion method to find out the inhibitory activity of isolates against Escherichia coli, Staphylococus aureus and Salmonella typhi and for confirmation test using proteolytic enzymes. The results showed 1 isolate of lactid acid bacteria was succesfully isolated from Ce hun tiau, identified as Lactobacillus plantarum. This isolate could inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococus aureus and Salmonella typhi which is a bacteriocin activity.

Antibiotic Sensitivity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa of DiabeticPatient’s Foot Ulcer Apridamayanti, Pratiwi; Meilinasary, Khairunnisa Azani; Sari, Rafika
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 3, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients are at risk to have the diabetic ulcer. The main reason for DM’s patient with ulcer complication to be treated and healed in hospital is bacterial infection. One of many bacteria that infects diabetic ulcer is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The effort to treat this infection is by using antibiotic. The use of antibiotic unfortunately, is often found inaccurate causing the microbe resistance to occur. To choose the right antibiotic, it needs to test the antibiotic’s sensitivity towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aim of this study is to determine the sensitivity of antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sample used was taken from diabetic ulcers swab with grade III and IV Wagner. The identification of bacteria was managed using the biochemical test and Gram staining test. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by Kirby Bauer method. Antibiotics that were found still sensitive towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa included ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, imipenem, levofloxacin, meropenem, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime, whereas cefadroxil and amikacin were resistant. Antibiotics that can be used for Pseudomonas aeruginosa in diabetic foot ulcer patients are ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, imipenem, levofloxacin, meropenem, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime.

Efektivitas SNEDDS Kombinasi Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Cengkodok (Melasthoma malabathricum)-Antibiotik terhadap Bakteri Hasil Isolat dari Pasien Ulkus Diabetik Sari, Rafika; Apridamayanti, Pratiwi; Pratiwi, Liza
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.5

Diabetic ulcer is a condition where there are neurological abnormalities and peripheral arterial vascular disease that causes infection, ulceration, and/or damage to the deepest skin tissue on the feet of people with diabetes mellitus (DM). The long duration of wound healing is due to the wrong use of antibiotics for a long time, and bacteria tend to become resistant to antibiotics. Antimicrobial compound fraction of cengkodok combined with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics for prevention and reduction of antibiotic resistance in the cause of diabetic ulcers. The drug preparation is in the form of self nanoemulsifiying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), which is the optimum combination of cengkodok leaf fraction with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics. The use of SNEDDS in this study is because the SNEDDS made from nanoemulsion formulations has small particle size, large surface absorption, and good dispersion, so that it can be evenly dispersed on the skin and penetrates the skin layer. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the formulation cengkodok leaf fraction with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics against B. cereus and S. aureususing the SNEDDS drug delivery system. The test uses the spotless diffusion method without using paper discs. The results showed that the combination of cengkodok leaf fraction with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics had better activity against B. cereus and S. aureus than cengkodok leaf fraction, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin only.

Efektivitas SNEDDS Kombinasi Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Cengkodok (Melasthoma malabathricum)-Antibiotik terhadap Bakteri Hasil Isolat dari Pasien Ulkus Diabetik Sari, Rafika; Apridamayanti, Pratiwi; Pratiwi, Liza
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.5

Diabetic ulcer is a condition where there are neurological abnormalities and peripheral arterial vascular disease that causes infection, ulceration, and/or damage to the deepest skin tissue on the feet of people with diabetes mellitus (DM). The long duration of wound healing is due to the wrong use of antibiotics for a long time, and bacteria tend to become resistant to antibiotics. Antimicrobial compound fraction of cengkodok combined with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics for prevention and reduction of antibiotic resistance in the cause of diabetic ulcers. The drug preparation is in the form of self nanoemulsifiying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), which is the optimum combination of cengkodok leaf fraction with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics. The use of SNEDDS in this study is because the SNEDDS made from nanoemulsion formulations has small particle size, large surface absorption, and good dispersion, so that it can be evenly dispersed on the skin and penetrates the skin layer. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the formulation cengkodok leaf fraction with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics against B. cereus and S. aureususing the SNEDDS drug delivery system. The test uses the spotless diffusion method without using paper discs. The results showed that the combination of cengkodok leaf fraction with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics had better activity against B. cereus and S. aureus than cengkodok leaf fraction, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin only.

FORMULATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY EMULGEL SENGGANI LEAF (Melastoma malabathricum L.) WATER FRACTIONS WITH VARIATIONS OF GELLING AGENT USING DPPH METHOD Sultan, Andi Rizka Walyanda; Ropiqa, Meri; Apridamayanti, Pratiwi; Anastasia, Desy Siska
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 9 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v9i3.1289

The senggani plant is reported to have antioxidant activity owing to its flavonoid content, which is a free radical scavenger. The water fraction of senggani leaves needs to be prepared for use, one of which is the emulgel. An important additional ingredient in emulgels is the gelling agent, and the most commonly used is carbopol 940. This study aimed to determine the formulation of emulgel preparations with the most stable variation in carbopol 940 and to test the antioxidant activity of water fraction emulgel preparations from senggani leaves (Melastoma malabatricum L.). The preparations were made by varying the concentrations of Carbopol 940 to 0.5% (F1), 1.25% (F2), and 2% (F3). Physical stability evaluations included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesive power, viscosity, and antioxidant tests for 28 days. The results of the research showed that the emulgel that tested the physical stability of emulgel preparations with each concentration produced the best emulgel, F3 with an emulgel concentration of 2%, with a pH of 5.32-5.19, spreadability of 4.47-5.53 cm, adhesive power of 31. 21 -25.64 seconds, and viscosity of 47520-34853 cP. The IC50 value of the emulgel preparation is 17870.83-14851.28 ppm, with statistical test results of sig. (p-value) > 0.05, which means that storage has no effect on the emulgel preparation. The conclusion of this research is the best concentration of Carbopol as gelling agent of emulgel is 2% with the antioxidant activity is very weak Keywords: emulgel; senggani leaf water fraction; carbopol 940; IC50

Tea Fermentation of A. malacencis with Lactobacillus plantarum as a starter : Total Phenol Content, Total Flavonoids Content And Antioxidant Activity, In vitro study as a functional drink Apridamayanti, Pratiwi; Sari, Rafika
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 11, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v11i1.38426

Some herbal teas contain antioxidant compounds that neutralize the free radicals involved in ageing processes and various diseases. Fermentation can increase the antioxidant activity in herbal teas due to the metabolic outputs of the microorganisms involved in the fermentation process. Aquilaria malaccencis is used to make teas in Indonesia and other countries and has been identified as demonstrating antioxidant properties. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of tea made from A. malaccencis leaves and fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum for 48 hours, 96 hours and 192 hours. The features investigated were antioxidant activity measured via DPPH assay and total phenol and flavonoid content measured spectrophotometrically. The fermentation results at 48, 96 and 192 hours were a pale yellow, sour aroma and sour taste and total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) content of 8.49 x 106 CFU/mL, 7.42 x 106 CFU/mL and 2.6 x 1010 CFU/mL, respectively. Antioxidant activity (IC50) at 48 hours was 439.444 µg/ml, at 96 hours was 235.309 µg/ml, and at 192 hours was 190.33 µg/ml. Total phenolic content (mg/g GAE) at 48 hours was 22.561, at 96 hours was 18.173, and at 192 hours was 21.14. Total flavonoid content (mg/g QE) at 48 hours was 1.901, at 96 hours was 1.938, and at 192 hours was 3.76. This research concluded that Lactobacillus plantarum as a starter for fermented tea made from Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. (A. malaccensis) leaves could produce appropriate characteristics for its functional food consumption. The best fermentation time was 192 hours, delivering an IC50 value of 190.33 ± 1.64 µg/ml, total phenol content of 36.346 mg/g GAE, and total flavonoid content of 3.876 ± 0.317 mg/g QE.Keywords: Tea fermentation, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content.

OPTIMIZATION TYPE OF STIFFENING AGENT IN FORMULATION CREAM Melastoma malabathricum L. LEAF WATER FRACTION Hasya Nadhira, Raden; Siska Anastasia, Desy; Apridamayanti, Pratiwi; Ropiqa, Meri
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 10 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v10i3.1607

The skin is one of the visible outer parts of the body, and cosmetics are used for its care. Senggani (Melastoma malabathricum) leaves contain flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and polyphenols. The polyphenol content found in M. malabathricum leaves has high antioxidant activity and has the potential to be used as a sunscreen that can block the negative effects of UVA and UVB rays. These secondary metabolites can be obtained from the water fraction and used as antioxidants in cream preparations. Cream formulations require compounds that can maintain the consistency of the preparation to produce good physical properties and stability. This study aimed to analyze the type of stiffening agent in the formulation of cream preparation of aqueous fraction of senggani leaf (Melastoma malabathricum L.) using organoleptical tests, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesiveness, and viscosity of cream preparation. The results showed that cetyl alcohol (FII) has different physical properties, and the evaluation and accelerated stability test (cycling test) resulted in the most physically stable preparation, as evidenced by the sig. (p value) > 0.05, indicating that storage did not affect the cream preparation. Keywords: senggani leaf (Melastoma malabathricum L.), water fraction, cream, cycling test

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