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Pemanfaatan Central Bank Digital Currency dalam Transformasi Sistem Pembayaran: Studi Komparatif India dan Indonesia Ocktavian, Rangga Diaz; Zulfiani, Anita
Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH)
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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Transformasi sistem pembayaran digital mendorong bank sentral mengembangkan Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) sebagai representasi digital mata uang negara yang tetap berada dalam kendali otoritas moneter. India dan Indonesia termasuk negara yang menginisiasi CBDC dengan pendekatan kelembagaan dan desain yang berbeda. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis secara komparatif pemanfaatan CBDC dalam transformasi sistem pembayaran di India dan Indonesia dari perspektif yuridis, skema distribusi, dan desain arsitektur. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis komparatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan kebijakan bank sentral, serta analisis konseptual terhadap model distribusi dan struktur sistem CBDC di kedua negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa India memanfaatkan e-Rupee secara integratif dengan infrastruktur pembayaran nasional yang telah mapan sehingga berfungsi sebagai ekstensi digital ekosistem pembayaran ritel, sedangkan Indonesia mengembangkan Rupiah Digital melalui arsitektur ritel yang lebih terstruktur dan terkendali dengan peran bank sentral yang dominan dalam penerbitan dan pengawasan. Perbedaan tersebut menegaskan bahwa pemanfaatan CBDC merefleksikan pilihan kebijakan hukum dan kelembagaan masing-masing negara. Dengan demikian, keberhasilan transformasi sistem pembayaran melalui CBDC ditentukan oleh kesesuaian desain arsitektur, skema distribusi, dan kerangka hukum dengan tujuan stabilitas moneter dan sistem pembayaran nasional.

Penjualan Bayi oleh Ibu Kandung dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Triana, Ramadhani; Sari, Diana Lukita; Zulfiani, Anita
Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH)
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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The sale of babies by biological mothers is a form of human trafficking that violates the law, humanitarian values, and children's rights. This phenomenon demonstrates a shift in the family's role from protector to exploiter of children. This study aims to analyze the legal regulations regarding baby selling from the perspective of human trafficking and the forms of criminal liability imposed on biological mothers as perpetrators. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory and case-based approach. Primary and secondary legal materials were analyzed qualitatively and normatively. The results indicate that the act of baby selling fulfills the elements of a crime as stipulated in Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Human Trafficking and Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. In Decision Number 328/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Pal, the judge applied the idealist concursus theory because a single act violates more than one criminal provision. The biological mother, as the perpetrator, can be held criminally responsible if she meets the elements of capacity to take responsibility and culpability. Strict law enforcement and preventive measures are needed to prevent the recurrence of similar crimes.

Penerapan Concursus Realis dalam Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Berencana dan Pemerkosaan Anak Meliala, Farah Nabila Zahran; Sari, Diana Lukita; Zulfiani, Anita
Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH)
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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This study aims to analyze the application of concursus realis in cases of premeditated murder accompanied by child rape, as well as to examine the sentencing in such circumstances. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results indicate that in judicial practice, concursus realis is applied when multiple independent criminal acts are committed by the same perpetrator within a single series of events. Normatively, Article 65 of the Indonesian Criminal Code stipulates that the sentence shall be based on the most severe punishment increased by one-third. However, in practice, judges do not always apply this mathematical calculation and may impose life imprisonment or even the death penalty by considering the severity of the crime, its impact, and aggravating circumstances. This discrepancy between normative provisions and judicial practice may lead to legal uncertainty. Therefore, stronger juridical reasoning is required in judicial considerations to ensure consistency and transparency in sentencing within the framework of concursus realis.

Penerapan Concursus Realis dalam Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Berencana dan Pemerkosaan Anak Meliala, Farah Nabila Zahran; Sari, Diana Lukita; Zulfiani, Anita
Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH)
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This study aims to analyze the application of concursus realis in cases of premeditated murder accompanied by child rape, as well as to examine the sentencing in such circumstances. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results indicate that in judicial practice, concursus realis is applied when multiple independent criminal acts are committed by the same perpetrator within a single series of events. Normatively, Article 65 of the Indonesian Criminal Code stipulates that the sentence shall be based on the most severe punishment increased by one-third. However, in practice, judges do not always apply this mathematical calculation and may impose life imprisonment or even the death penalty by considering the severity of the crime, its impact, and aggravating circumstances. This discrepancy between normative provisions and judicial practice may lead to legal uncertainty. Therefore, stronger juridical reasoning is required in judicial considerations to ensure consistency and transparency in sentencing within the framework of concursus realis.

Menelisik Prinsip Anti - SLAPP dalam Perlindungan Hukum Kasus Pulau Rempang Suryandari, Desiana Alya; Zulfiani, Anita
Recidive : Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Penanggulangan Kejahatan Vol 14, No 1 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : Criminal Law Section Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/recidive.v14i1.96306

Abstrak:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan prinsip Anti-SLAPP (Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation) sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 66 Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (UUPPLH), khususnya dalam konteks masyarakat hukum adat Kampung Tua Pulau Rempang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kasus, perundang-undangan, dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Pasal 66 UUPPLH memberikan dasar hukum bagi perlindungan terhadap masyarakat yang memperjuangkan lingkungan hidup, aturan tersebut belum cukup spesifik untuk memastikan penerapannya yang efektif. Selain itu, lemahnya kesadaran hukum dan multitafsir regulasi menyebabkan masyarakat adat tetap rentan terhadap tindakan hukum yang represif. Studi ini merekomendasikan penguatan regulasi Anti-SLAPP melalui kebijakan yang lebih rinci dan tegas dengan cara penerapan peraturan pelaksanaan prinsip Anti - SLAPP, serta peningkatan pemahaman dan implementasi hukum oleh para penegak hukum. Dengan demikian, partisipasi masyarakat dalam pelestarian lingkungan dapat terlindungi dan didorong secara optimal. Kata Kunci: Anti – SLAPP; Masyarakat Adat; RelokasiAbstract:This study aims to examine the application of the principle of Anti-SLAPP (Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation) as stipulated in Article 66 of Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management (UUPPLH), especially in the context of the traditional legal community of Kampung Tua Pulau Rempang. This study uses normative juridical methods with case, legislation, and conceptual approaches. Research results show that although Article 66 of the UUPPLH provides a legal basis for the protection of people who fight for the environment, these rules are not yet specific enough to ensure effective application. In addition, the weak legal awareness of the apparatus and the multi-interpretation of regulations have caused the indigenous people to remain vulnerable to repressive legal actions. This study recommends strengthening Anti-SLAPP regulations through more detailed and firm policies, as well as improving legal understanding and implementation by law enforcement. Thus, community participation in environmental conservation can be optimally protected and encouraged. Keyword: Anti – SLAPP; Environment; Criminalization; Indigenous People; Article 66 of the UUPPLH

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