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All Journal Jurnal Pajak Indonesia (Indonesian Tax Review) Ilomata International Journal of Tax and Accounting JURNAL AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN DAN MANAJEMEN Educoretax Pengmasku Journal of Law, Administration, and Social Science Akuntansiku Jurnalku Jurnal Nusantara Mengabdi Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia
Suparna Wijaya
Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta
Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mathematics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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The Determinants of Tax Revenue in the Context of International Transactions in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) Regions 2002-2019 Hendiva Tri Nugraha; Suparna Wijaya
Ilomata International Journal of Tax and Accounting Vol. 4 No. 3 (2023): July 2023
Publisher : Yayasan Ilomata

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52728/ijtc.v4i3.843

Abstract

Tax revenue is one of the backbones of economy in almost every country in the world. There are several determinants that influence the amount of tax revenue in one country, one of which is international transaction activities. Such activities can partly be presented by three variables; Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Trade Openness (TO), and External Debt. This study aims to acknowledge the effects of international transaction experienced by a country regarding its tax revenue. External Debt is used as a moderating variable to the effects of FDI and TO on tax revenue. The data source was taken from the World Bank within the period of 2002-2019 in 19 countries around LAC regions. The study implements an associative quantitative method with PCSE regression. The result showed that FDI affects tax revenue negatively, whereas trade openness and external debt affect tax revenue positively. External debt as a moderating variable strengthens the effect of FDI and weakens the effects of trade openness to tax revenue. Further research is expected to include all the LAC countries, add more variables relevant to the international transactions, and renew the research period.
Searching For Tax Revenue Determinants in N-11: The Moderating Role of Regulatory Quality Emilio Pascal; Suparna Wijaya
Ilomata International Journal of Tax and Accounting Vol. 4 No. 3 (2023): July 2023
Publisher : Yayasan Ilomata

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52728/ijtc.v4i3.844

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the effects of the agricultural sector and the Foreign Direct Investment (hereinafter referred to as FDI) on tax revenue in The Next Eleven (N-11) countries. In this research, a moderating variable of regulatory quality was used. The data were obtained from the World Bank and analyzed using panel data regression. The dependent variable in this study was tax revenue, whereas the independent variables comprised the agricultural sector, the FDI, the agricultural sector moderated by regulatory quality, the FDI moderated by regulatory quality, and the regulatory quality. The results indicate that all independent variables simultaneously affect tax revenue. However, when investigating partially, FDI, the agricultural sector moderated by regulatory quality, and regulatory quality have a positive effect on tax revenue while FDI moderated by regulatory quality shows a negative effect on tax revenue. As for the agricultural variable, a significant effect on tax revenue was not shown. It is recommended that governments in N-11 countries focus on developing quality regulations in another sector, particularly agriculture, and encourage foreign investments since these two aspects are proven to increase tax revenue.
Pengenaan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai Terhadap Transaksi Digital Game Online Di Indonesia Fitria Wandani; Suparna Wijaya
Educoretax Vol 3 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : WIM Solusi Prima

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54957/educoretax.v3i2.405

Abstract

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami mekanisme pengenaan pajak terhadap transaksi digital game online atas pembelian properti virtual, mengetahui kontribusi pangsa pasar game online terhadap penerimaan pajak, serta mengidentifikasi bentuk pengawasan yang dilakukan pemerintah terhadap transaksi dalam negeri dan luar negeri. Untuk mendukung pencapaian tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemajakan transaksi digital game online tidak diatur khusus dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, namun memiliki mekanisme yang sama dengan transaksi digital lainnya, yaitu menggunakan mekanisme pajak pertambahan nilai (PPN) yang dipungut atas Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik atau disebut dengan PMSE. PPN dikenakan atas pembelian barang kena pajak tidak berwujud berupa property virtual. Karena tidak ada regulasi khusus yang mengatur, kontribusi penerimaan PPN atas transaksi digital game online tidak dapat diperkirakan jumlahnya, namun memiliki potensi penerimaan pajak yang cukup besar. Pengawasan transaksi dalam negeri dilakukan dengan pengukuhan penyelenggara PMSE (PPMSE) dalam negeri sebagai pengusaha kena pajak. Sementara itu, pengawasan transaksi luar negeri dilakukan dengan penunjukan PPMSE luar negeri sebagai pemungut PMSE oleh Menteri Keuangan.
Pengenaan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai Atas Sedan Dan Station Wagon Sebelum Dan Sesudah Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan Dicky Pranata Hutajulu; Suparna Wijaya
Educoretax Vol 3 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : WIM Solusi Prima

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54957/educoretax.v3i2.412

Abstract

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan mekanisme pengenaan pajak pertambahan nilai atas transaksi yang dilakukan oleh pengusaha kena pajak terhadap kendaraan jenis sedan dan station wagon sebelum dengan setelah berlakunya undang-undang harmonisasi peraturan perpajakan (HPP). Untuk mendukung pencapaian tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme pengenaan pajak pertambahan nilai atas kendaraan sedan dan station wagon setelah berlakunya undang-undang harmonisasi peraturan perpajakan mengalami perubahan jika dibandingkan sebelum berlakunya undang-undang harmonisasi peraturan perpajakan. Namun, aturan turunan yang mengatur mekanisme pengenaan pajak pertambahan nilai pada kendaraan sedan dan station wagon lebih lanjut belum dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah terutama Kementerian Keuangan.
Analysis of determinants of value added tax revenue in Asia Daniel Gusta Permadi; Suparna Wijaya
JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia) Vol 8, No 3 (2022): JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia)
Publisher : Indonesian Institute for Counseling, Education and Theraphy (IICET)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29210/020221385

Abstract

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of factors that influence VAT receipts from various aspects, including the VAT rate itself, economic factors, tax administration factors, and legal factors. The VAT rate factor is explained by the standard rate and implicit rate variables. Economic factors are explained by the variables of imports, the service sector, and the fiscal deficit. Administrative factors are explained by the variable c-efficiency and government effectiveness. The legal factor is explained by the variables of controlling corruption and law enforcement. This study uses secondary data with the object of research being countries in the Asian continent from 2015 to 2019. The sample countries were selected with certain considerations so that 19 sample countries were obtained. The results of this study indicate that implicit tariffs, the service sector, and government effectiveness have a significant positive effect on VAT receipts, while imports have a significant negative effect on VAT receipts. Meanwhile, standard rates, fiscal deficits, c-efficiency, corruption control, and the rule of law have no significant effect on VAT revenues.
Effect Of Imports, Industrial Sector, And Service Sector On Value-Added Tax With Regulatory Quality As A Moderating Variable Yuninda Anggraini Putri; Suparna Wijaya
Educoretax Vol 3 No 4 (2023)
Publisher : WIM Solusi Prima

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54957/educoretax.v3i4.658

Abstract

State revenue to organize its government is mostly collected by taxation as the main source. In its implementation, taxes are imposed directly and indirectly. The indirect tax that plays a role in the structure of state revenue is Value Added Tax (VAT). VAT is imposed on goods or services consumed in an area based on a set rate. VAT imposition of the highest rates on average is imposed in European countries. There are 11 European countries with the highest VAT rates, which are the object of research, namely Hungary, Croatia, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Greece, Iceland, Finland, Ireland, Poland, and Portugal. This study will discuss the effect of value added on the industrial and service sectors, which are the main sectors in the 11 countries as well as the effect of international trade activities, namely imports, on VAT revenues with a moderation of the regulatory quality index. The results show that the imported variable and the added value of the industrial and service sectors, both before and after interaction with the moderating variable of the regulatory quality index, significantly influence VAT acceptance. For the partial results, before moderation with the regulatory quality index, imports don't significantly affect VAT revenue. In contrast, the industrial and service sectors have significant negative effects on VAT revenue. Furthermore, after interacting with regulatory quality variables, imports, value added in the industrial and service sectors have a significant positive influence on VAT revenue. This shows that the moderating variable of the regulatory quality index plays a role in strengthening the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
Exploring The Impact Of Per Capita Income And Population Size On VAT Revenue In APEC Member Countries Muhammad Hafiz Fadhilah; Suparna Wijaya
Educoretax Vol 3 No 4 (2023)
Publisher : WIM Solusi Prima

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54957/educoretax.v3i4.661

Abstract

This research aims to evaluate how per capita income and population size impact Value Added Tax (VAT) revenue, considering corruption control variables as moderating factors. VAT revenue is the dependent variable in this study, while per capita income and population size are the independent variables. The influence of corruption control variables is also explored as interacting with the independent variables in affecting VAT revenue. The data used is sourced from World Bank Data, covering the period from 2008 to 2020. The analytical method employed is panel data regression using the panel-corrected standard error (PCSE) model. The research results indicate that per capita income has a negative influence on VAT revenue, meaning that as a country's per capita income increases, VAT revenue tends to decrease. Meanwhile, population size has a positive impact on VAT revenue, indicating that as a country's population size grows, VAT revenue tends to increase. Furthermore, it is found that the influence of corruption control variables interacts with per capita income. This interaction strengthens its impact on VAT revenue. However, when corruption control variables interact with population size, their influence on VAT revenue becomes weaker.
Effect Of Industry And Service Sectors On Goods And Services Tax Revenue In The G20: Per Capita Income As A Moderator Dhinnessa Prabowo; Suparna Wijaya
Educoretax Vol 3 No 4 (2023)
Publisher : WIM Solusi Prima

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54957/educoretax.v3i4.662

Abstract

This research aims to examine the factors influencing the tax revenue from goods and services in G20 countries. After conducting various tests and analyses, it was found that the best model for this study is the Fixed Effect (FE) model. The analysis revealed that both the contribution of the industrial sector to GDP and the contribution of the service sector to GDP have a significant positive effect on tax revenue from goods and services. Additionally, per capita income also positively and significantly influences tax revenue. However, when moderated by per capita income, the positive effect of the industrial and service sectors on tax revenue weakened. This suggests that countries heavily reliant on a specific industrial sector for their GDP and tax revenue may face higher risks if that sector fluctuates. Similarly, if a country's economy is dominated by other sectors, the positive influence of the service sector on tax revenue might be hindered. Based on the results of this research, recommendations can be made for governments to enhance support for both the industrial and service sectors, diversify the economic structure to reduce dependency risks on a single sector, and formulate policies that foster inclusive economic growth and increased per capita income. Taking proactive measures based on the findings of this research is expected to enable G20 countries to achieve strong, sustainable, and inclusive economic growth, aligning with the objectives of the G20 formation.
Determinants Of The VAT Gap In The European Union: An Empirical Evidence with Corruption Control As A Moderating Variable Suparna Wijaya; Sinarta Putra P. Surbakti
Educoretax Vol 4 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : WIM Solusi Prima

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54957/educoretax.v4i1.716

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Shadow Economy, Economic Growth, Trade Openness, and Corruption Control on VAT Gap. Additionally, this study aims to examine the moderating effect of Corruption Control on the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable. The study was conducted using panel data regression with Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) model in 25 European Union countries for the 2003-2020 period. The research findings indicate that all independent variables simultaneously have a significant impact on VAT Gap. Partially, Shadow Economy has a positive effect on VAT Gap, while Economic Growth has a negative effect on VAT Gap. However, Trade Openness and Corruption Control do not significantly affect VAT Gap. Corruption Control only moderates the relationship between Shadow Economy and VAT Gap negatively. This suggests that effective corruption control measures in EU countries can reduce the negative impact of Shadow Economy on VAT revenue. Based on this research, policymakers are expected to implement comprehensive monitoring and auditing practices, simplify business regulations, and enhance education and support to mitigate the potential loss of value-added tax (VAT).
The Effect Of Population Size And Number Of Motor Vehicles On Local Tax Revenue With GRDP As A Moderating Variable Rama Bhaskara Praja; Suparna Wijaya
Educoretax Vol 4 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : WIM Solusi Prima

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54957/educoretax.v4i1.717

Abstract

Local taxes play a crucial role in advancing a region. Besides financing local government expenditures, local taxes also enable regional governments to create greater fiscal autonomy, providing flexibility in fund allocation. However, the contribution of local taxes to regional revenue remains relatively small, at only 38%. Therefore, it is essential to identify factors influencing local tax revenues across all provinces in Indonesia to optimize local tax revenue. This research employs linear regression with generalized least square (GLS). The results indicate that the population size, the number of motorized vehicles, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), interaction between population size and GRDP, and interaction between the number of motor vehicles and GRDP, have a significant effect on local tax revenues simultaneously. However, partially, the population size does not affect local tax revenues. On the other hand, the number of motor vehicles and GRDP positively influence local tax revenues. Furthermore, the moderation regression analysis reveals that GRDP strengthens the influence of the population size on local tax revenues. Conversely, the interaction between GRDP and the number of motor vehicles shows that GRDP weakens the positive effect of the number of motor vehicles on local tax revenues.
Co-Authors Alfi, Muhammad Khoirul Almeira Wafa Addiena Alpin Stephanus Hasiholan Sirait Alya Yasmin Amrie Firmansyah Anastasia Adinda Permata Putri Ari Ihsan Arissa Aqillah Hanifah Arkhano Jevonya Halomoan Audrey Patricia Benny Ambarita Bhima Chandra Bhuana Bima Satria Anugerah Bima Satria Anugerah Clarissa Revalina Putri Dalila Desi Fitriani Danang Tricahyono Danang Tricahyono Daniel Gusta Permadi Desak Ari Gita Wahyuni Destiny Wulandari Devi Tannya Dhinnessa Prabowo Dian Amanda Puspitorini Dian Irsalina Listikarini Dian Irsalina Listikarini Dicky Pranata Hutajulu Elfrida Christina Emilio Pascal Emilio Pascal Evan Harlan Evan Harlan Fawwaz Muhammad Zakli Pohan Ferry Irawan Fitria Wandani Ghefira Nur Annisa Ghina Syakira Halimatus Sya'diah Hanik Susilawati Muamarah Hapsari Inawati Susanto Hasbiul Hashfi Hasbiul Hashfi Hendiva Tri Nugraha Hulieta Fatimatuz Zahra Hutri Zara Azizil Tatnya Ishma Annisa Khansa Zhafirah Siregar Kuat Sidik Wahyono Laili Mutoharoh Lola Inganta Saragih Luthfiola Rachma Najmina M. Satria Gymnasti Widianto Michael Kusuma Mohammad Nur Rizki Muhammad Daffa Muhammad Hafiz Fadhilah Muhammad Hafiz Fadhilah Muhammad Ramadhan Zulfi Mycel Adeline Nabila Aulia Zahirah Naili Luthfi Syarifah Nararya Finan Fathi Natasha Amalia Natasha Carissa Sandy Nur Farida Liyana Nurindah Rizki Dian Gunadi Padhilah Dikri Pius Aji Cakra Bagaskara Rahadi Nugroho Rama Bhaskara Praja Reihan Hasiholan Riska Aftriyandawi Salamah Faizah Sinarta Putra P. Surbakti Siti Rachellia Imani Tafrij Ahmad Wildany Tarischa Naura Hapsari Veronica Angela Citra Widasari Yordan Wiguna Yosua Gito Samudra Simangunsong Yuninda Anggraini Putri Yuninda Anggraini Putri