Articles
<![CDATA[Identification of Formalin in Raw Tofu from Sidenreng Rappang District Traditional Markets ]]>
<![CDATA[Hasrianti, Hasrianti]]>;
<![CDATA[Suhaenah, Asriani]]>;
<![CDATA[Pratama, Mamat]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 3, No 1 (2024): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muslim Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.290
<![CDATA[Formalin (Formaldehyde) is a chemical compound whose use is prohibited as a preservative in food additives. This study aims to analyze the content of formalin (Formaldehyde) in raw tofu circulating in Sidenreng Rappang district. The test method used was by qualitative analysis using Schiff reagent and KMnO4. The quantitative analysis using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. The test results used Schiff reagent and KMnO4, the four tofu samples contained formalin. Test results on the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method at a wavelength of 555 nm, obtained formalin levels in sample with sample code A = 1.130%, sample code B = 1.826%, sample code C = 1.84%. It can be concluded that in the formaldehyde qualitative analysis test on raw tofu, the three samples positively contained formaldehyde. As well as the results of the measurement of the three positive samples containing formaldehyde using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.]]>
<![CDATA[Antioxidant Activity Test of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Avocado Seeds (Persea americana Mill.) Using the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhdrazyl Method ]]>
<![CDATA[Rahmat, Sri Rahayu]]>;
<![CDATA[Pratama, Mamat]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 3, No 1 (2024): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muslim Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.288
<![CDATA[Avocado is a plant that can thrive in tropical areas such as Indonesia and is one of the types of fruit that is popular with the public, however, avocado seeds have not been used optimally so that they are wasted as waste. Based on phytochemical experiments, avocados also contain phenolics, tannins and flavanoids which have antioxidant activity. Antioxidants are compounds that can be used to counteract free radicals. Dietary fiber and antioxidants are two types of components that are very useful in improving health and being able to prevent various diseases. The extraction method used in this study is reflux where the sample is heated for 6 hours with the solvent used to evaporate at high temperatures, but it will be cooled by the condenser so that the solvent which was in the form of vapor will condense in the condenser and fall again into the reaction vessel so that the solvent will still be there during the reaction. This study aims to analyze the antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate extract of avocado seeds using the DPPH method. Quantitatively, the ethyl acetate extract of avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) was measured at a maximum wavelength of 516 nm using quercetin as a reference standard. The research results showed that the value was 903.08 μ/mL. Quantitatively, the ethyl acetate extract of avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) was measured at a maximum wavelength of 516 nm using quercetin as a reference standard. The research results showed that the value was 903.08 μ/mL. Quantitatively, the ethyl acetate extract of avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) was measured at a maximum wavelength of 516 nm using quercetin as a reference standard. The research results showed that the value was 903.08 μ/mL.]]>
<![CDATA[Comparison of Antioxidant Activity Based on Temperature Variables of Avocado Seed Extract from Maumere by 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhdrazy Method ]]>
<![CDATA[Pratama, Mamat]]>;
<![CDATA[Kusuma, Andi Trihadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahmat, Sri Rahayu]]>;
<![CDATA[Safitri, Dewi]]>;
<![CDATA[Efendi, Nurmaya]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 3, No 2 (2024): (October) Pharmaceutical Reports ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muslim Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v3i2.308
<![CDATA[Avocados are plants that can grow well in tropical environments like Indonesia. People love this fruit because of its high antioxidant content and its delicious taste. The aim of this study was to measure the antioxidant activity of three extracts of ethyl acetate of avocado seeds (Percea americana Mill.) using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The measurement was done using a quersetin as a reference standard with a maximum wavelength of 516 nm. The results of the study showed that the sample's half inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was 1,653.89 g/mL, 1,202.56 g/ mL, and 903.08 g/mL for two, four, and six hours, respectively.]]>
<![CDATA[Antioxidant Activity of Red Fruit Juice (Pandanus conoideus L.) Using the CUPRAC Method ]]>
<![CDATA[Arifin, Marina]]>;
<![CDATA[Pratama, Mamat]]>;
<![CDATA[Fawwaz, Muammar]]>;
<![CDATA[Aminah, Aminah]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 1 (2025): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muslim Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i1.356
<![CDATA[Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.), which belongs to the Pandanaceae family, is widely used by local Papuan people as a source of food, natural dyes, and traditional medicinal ingredients. Red fruit contains several compounds such as tannins, vitamin C, beta carotene, and flavonoids. This research aims to determine the presence of antioxidant activity using the Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) method. Antioxidant capacity using the CUPRAC method is expressed as mg of ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) per g of juice (mgAAE/g). The method is measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer with the maximum wavelength. Ascorbic acid was used as a comparison to assess the antioxidant ability of red fruit juice. The results showed that the antioxidant activity capacity of red fruit juice was 100.4 mgAAE/g. Thus, red fruit can be developed as a natural antioxidant.]]>
<![CDATA[Analysis Of Determining Flavonoid Contents In Red Onion (Allium Cepa L.) Extract Using Multiple Methods ]]>
<![CDATA[Arzak, La Ode Miftahul]]>;
<![CDATA[Pratama, Mamat]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 1 (2025): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muslim Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i1.297
<![CDATA[Shallots contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, kaempferol, flavonglycosides and quercetin. This research aims to conduct a literature study on the analysis of the levels of flavonoid compounds in shallots (Allium cepa L). This research uses a literature study where references are obtained through the Google Scholar and Elsevier websites, then articles are selected that match the criteria in the literature study. Based on the search carried out, 7 correct articles were obtained. From the results of the literature study, it can be concluded that the assay methods that can be used to determine the flavonoid content of shallots are High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. And there are also several flavonoid derivative compounds contained in shallots from published articles, such as quercetin and anthocyanin.]]>
<![CDATA[Determination of Total Flavonoid Content of Red Fruit Juice (Pandanus conoideus Lam) by a UV–Vis Spectrophotometer ]]>
<![CDATA[Sulaeman, Nur Rachmi]]>;
<![CDATA[Pratama, Mamat]]>;
<![CDATA[Kusuma, Andi Trihadi]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 1 (2025): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muslim Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i1.360
<![CDATA[Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) belongs to the pandanacea family. This plant contains compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids and alkaloids and has properties in curing various diseases such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, cancer and HIV/AIDS. This study aims to determine the total flavonoid content of red fruit juice (Pandanus conoideus Lam) using a UV - Vis spectrophotometer. The stages carried out in this research began with sample preparation, qualitative testing of flavonoid compounds and determining the total flavonoid content of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) samples. The results obtained in this study based on a qualitative test using NaOH reagent stated that red fruit juice (Pandanus conoideus Lam) was positive for containing flavonoids and in a quantitative test using a UV - Vis spectrophotometer the percent concentration obtained in the red fruit juice sample was 8.7258%.]]>
<![CDATA[The Antioxidant Activity of Red Fruit Juice (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) Using The FRAP Method ]]>
<![CDATA[Ainunnisa, Mufti]]>;
<![CDATA[Fawwaz, Muammar]]>;
<![CDATA[Pratama, Mamat]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 1 (2025): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muslim Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i1.355
<![CDATA[Red fruit is a member of the Pandanaceae family which is a type of pandan. Empirically, red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) has been proven to cure various degenerative diseases such as cancer, heart disease, tuberculosis, respiratory tract disorders, external antiseptic and eye and skin diseases. The aim of this research was to determine the antioxidant activity of red fruit juice using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method. The juice was tested qualitatively and quantitatively using the FRAP method. The qualitative test results after adding the FRAP reagent were positive for antioxidant activity because the color changed to blue. In quantitative determination of absorbance, antioxidant activity was measured using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. Absorbance was measured at a maximum wavelength of 701 nm using ascorbic acid as a reference solution. The equation obtained is y = 0.0103x + 0.3801 with a value of r = 0.9978. The total antioxidant activity value was calculated based on absorption data. The calculation results for the total antioxidant activity value were 173.68 mgAAE/L sample. Therefore, we can conclude that red fruit can be used as a natural antioxidant.]]>
<![CDATA[Chemical Profile of Red Dragon Fruit Peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) by Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry ]]>
<![CDATA[Anwar, Adillani Nur Mugfirah]]>;
<![CDATA[Pratama, Mamat]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahmawati, Rahmawati]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 2 (2025): (October) Pharmaceutical Reports ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muslim Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i2.375
<![CDATA[Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus), a tropical species native to Asia, has gained attention for its potential as a source of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to characterize the chemical constituents present in the peel of H. polyrhizus using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The extraction process was performed through maceration with 96% ethanol for four days, followed by filtration and concentration using a rotary vacuum evaporator. The resulting ethanolic extract was analyzed using GC–MS under the following parameters: injector temperature of 250 °C and a programmed column temperature ranging from 70 °C (held for 2 min) to 200 °C at a heating rate of 100 °C/min. The chromatographic analysis identified a total of 82 distinct compounds, indicating the chemical diversity of the extract. Among these, the most abundant peak was detected at a retention time (RT) of 22.806 min, corresponding to pentadecanoic acid (C₁₅H₃₀O₂). The presence of fatty acids, esters, and phenolic derivatives suggests that H. polyrhizus peel may serve as a valuable natural source of antioxidants and other pharmacologically active constituents. Overall, the findings provide fundamental insights into the phytochemical composition of red dragon fruit peel, supporting its potential application in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations.]]>
<![CDATA[Determination of Total Phenolic Levels of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Clove Leaves (Syzygium aromaticum (L) Merr) ]]>
<![CDATA[Arniati, Arniati]]>;
<![CDATA[Pratama, Mamat]]>;
<![CDATA[Baits, Muzakkir]]>;
<![CDATA[Tahir, Masdiana]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 1, No 2 (2022): (October) Pharmaceutical Reports ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muslim Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v1i2.167
<![CDATA[Clove is a spice plant used in the kretek cigarette industry, food, beverage, and medicine. Clove leaves contain chemical compounds, namely saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and essential oils. The exploration of clove leaves has not been maximally carried out. Therefore, this study aims to determine the total phenolic content in the ethyl acetate fraction of clove leaves by using gallic acid as a comparison. Clove leaves were powdered and then macerated by ethanol. The ethanol extract was dissolved in distilled water and it was fractionated with ethyl acetate on a separating funnel. The method used in this assay is the UV-Vis spectrophotometry technique. The qualitative analysis was performed by adding the FeCl3 reagent. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of clove leaves contained a total phenolic compound of 65.52 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of extract (GAE/g). Thus, the ethyl acetate fraction of clove leaves is feasible to be developed as a source of phenolic compound.]]>
<![CDATA[Total Flavonoid Content of the Bark Extract of Salacca edulis Reinw ]]>
<![CDATA[Ardin, Nisradhiyah Caesarika]]>;
<![CDATA[Pratama, Mamat]]>;
<![CDATA[Widiastuti, Harti]]>;
<![CDATA[Fawwaz, Muammar]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 1, No 2 (2022): (October) Pharmaceutical Reports ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muslim Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v1i2.168
<![CDATA[Salak fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw) is one of the fruits whose bark is not used but contains chemical components in the form of secondary metabolites that are beneficial to health. A previous study reported that the bark of salak fruit has potential as an anti-diabetic, antioxidant. The bark of Salak fruit is traditionally beneficial for the treatment of diabetes mellitus by drying then boiling and drinking the boiled water. Therefore, this study aims to determine the total flavonoid content of the bark extract of the pondoh and honey varieties of salak fruit. A sample of 30 g was dissolved with ethanol in a 10 mL volumetric flask, then 1 mL was pipette and added with 0.2 ml AlCl3 and 0.2 mL potassium acetate then allowed to stand for 30 min at 25°C. After being allowed to stand, it was measured on a UV-Vis spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 442 nm. In the measurement with UV-Vis spectrophotometer, the total flavonoid content of the salak bark extract of pondoh and honey varieties were 5.18 mg QE/g and 5.77, respectively.]]>
