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Echoes of devotion: Okokan in Tabanan as ritual sound, social cohesion, and Balinese spiritual life M. Agus Sutiarso; Firman Sinaga; Jumhur Hakim; Asma Khan; Chet Narayan Acharya; Dr. Nirdosh Kumar Agarwal; Md. Alaul Haque; Tijjani Ahmed Ajayi
Journal of Education, Social & Communication Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : PT. MAWAMEDIA JAYAMUSTA BUANASIHA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71028/jescs.v3i2.50

Abstract

The Tektekan Okokan tradition of Kediri, Tabanan, is a surviving Balinese ritual using sonic instruments—Okokan, Kulkul, and Tengteng—to repel disease outbreaks (grubug) and neutralize negative forces in the village. Historically performed for days or even months following spiritual messages (pawisik) and signs of occult disturbance, today it is mainly held on Pengerupukan, the eve of Nyepi, as a replacement for ogoh-ogoh processions while circling the village. This practice inspires the creation of a contemporary fashion collection. Data on the tradition were obtained through literature study, observation, and documentation. The design process follows the eight‑stage Frangipani method (design brief; research and sourcing; design development; final collection; prototype, sampling, and construction; promotion, branding, and sales; production; and business). The resulting works comprise three categories—ready to wear, ready to wear deluxe, and haute couture—visualizing Tektekan Okokan through selected keywords and plague‑like, enveloping motif details that symbolically depict the village under attack and ritually protected.
Digital transformation enhances tourism competitiveness, sustainability, and visitor experience in the digital era Jumhur Hakim; Ida Ayu Ketut Sumawidari; Asma Khan; Basu Dev Lamichhane; Md. Gulam Mokta Dhir; Mutahir Abbas; Nirdosh Agarwal
Journal of Commerce, Management, and Tourism Studies Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : YAYASAN MITRA PERSADA NUSANTARA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58881/jcmts.v5i1.242

Abstract

This study explores the strategic transformation of the tourism industry in response to the accelerating influence of digital technology. The objective is to analyse how digital tools such as artificial intelligence, big data, social media, and virtual reality are reshaping tourism business models, destination marketing, and customer engagement. By focusing on the integration of technology into tourism management and operations, the research aims to identify strategies that enhance competitiveness, sustainability, and visitor satisfaction. This study adopts a qualitative descriptive method using literature review and document analysis as the primary data sources. Selected studies from peer-reviewed journals, government reports, and industry white papers provide insight into global trends and best practices in digital tourism transformation. The analysis reveals that digital technology facilitates the personalization of travel experiences, streamlines operational efficiency, and broadens market access. In addition, smart tourism initiatives enable real-time interaction and data-driven decision-making, significantly improving destination management and resource sustainability. However, digital transformation also presents challenges, including cybersecurity risks, uneven digital literacy, and the digital divide between regions. In conclusion, successful strategic transformation in tourism requires not only technological investment but also a comprehensive rethinking of organizational culture, human resources, and public-private collaboration. Future policies should emphasize inclusive digital access, innovation-driven development, and adaptive strategies that align with the fast-changing digital landscape.