Wan Ahmad Munsif Wan Pa
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

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Can Virtual Reality Training Effectively Improve Physical Condition and Back-Row Attack in Volleyball? Bujang Bujang; Yusuf Hidayat; Mia Kusumawati; Hasan Basri; Azi Faiz Ridho; Wahidah Tumijan; Wan Ahmad Munsif Wan Pa; Dywa Ikal Mutaqin; Bimo Subagyo
Journal of Coaching and Sports Science Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Coaching and Sports Science
Publisher : CV. FOUNDAE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58524/jcss.v4i1.728

Abstract

Background: There is an urgent need to explore innovative training methods that can improve the physical condition and back-row attack performance of junior volleyball players. Despite its great potential, Virtual Reality (VR) is still underutilized in youth sports training.Aims: This study aims to test the effectiveness of VR-based training in improving physical conditioning and back-row attack quality.Method: A quasi-experimental design was employed with 24 junior volleyball athletes aged 14 to 16. The participants underwent VR-based training three times a week for six weeks, with each 45-minute session consisting of a 15-minute warm-up, a 30-minute training session, and a 5-minute cool-down. Measurement tools included vertical jump tests, 20-meter sprints, Illinois agility tests, and structured observations to evaluate physical performance and back-row attack effectiveness. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and multiple linear regression.Result: The results showed significant improvements in vertical jump height (d = −8.18), sprint time (d = 2.42), agility score (d = 3.32), and back row attack (d = −3.32) at p < 0.001. Structured observations revealed improvements in the accuracy, timing, and coordination of back-row attacks. Regression analysis revealed that a better physical condition, particularly in terms of jumping and agility, significantly contributed to improved back-row attack performance (R² = 0.876, p < 0.001).Conclusion: These findings suggest that VR-based training can effectively enhance physical condition and technical performance in back-row attacks, likely due to the immersive simulation environment supporting enhanced motor learning and situational awareness.
Valid and reliable instrument for measuring Malaysian talented students’ social support Tuan Zahrah Tuan Mat; Khairul Farhah Khairuddin; Wan Ahmad Munsif Wan Pa; Nur Choiro Siregar
Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) Vol 20, No 3: August 2026
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v20i3.22863

Abstract

Social support is an essential protective factor against the risk of talent development failure, especially in the catastrophic situation. This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of social support instruments specifically for talented sports students in Malaysia. Content validity index (CVI), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and internal consistency are the methods used to ensure that measurement instruments are appropriate for use in local contexts and cultures. A total of 268 form four talented sports students aged 16 years were selected by proportionate stratified random sampling in this study. The study found that the instrument had good content validity, with the items reaching the minimum level of CVI value and exceeding the recommended cut-off point of 0.78. Factor analysis found that the final measurement model has three factors, namely i) family support, ii) friends support, and iii) coach support, with factor loading ranging between 0.49 and 0.89. Correlation matrix was also measured through the KMO and Bartlett test of sphericity. All three factors had internal consistency values of 0.83 for coach support and 0.85 for family and friend support, which was defined good. Future research is warranted to explore the instrument with different samples and measurement in various scenarios.