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Abas B Jahari, Abas B
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Public Health

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THE SITUATION OF URINARY IODINE CONCENTRATION (UIC) AMONG SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN, WOMEN AT REPRODUCTIVE AGE AND PREGNANT WOMEN IN INDONESIA: THE ANALYSIS OF RISKESDAS 2013 Kartono, Djoko; Atmarita, Atmarita; Jahari, Abas B; Soekirman, Soekirman; Izwardy, Doddy
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 39, No 1 (2016): Maret 2016
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v39i1.207

Abstract

Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) are the leading cause of goiter, cretinism, developmental delays and other health problems. Iodine deficiency is an important public health issue as it is a preventable cause of intellectual disability. While elimination of iodine deficiency is imperative, it should be noted that excessive intake of iodine can also lead to adverse health effects. This paper analyzed the iodine status using median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) of school age children (SAC), women of reproductive age (WRA), and pregnant women (PW) who live in the same household from Riskesdas 2013. The total number of households included in the analysis was 13,811 households, from which 6,149 SAC (aged 6 – 12 years), 13,218 WRA (aged 15-49 years), and 578 PW (aged 15-49 years) were enumerated. The national MUIC of SAC, WRA and PWwas  in the normal range indicated that  the iodine status was adequate using WHO epidemiological criteria. Iodine status in some sub-populations indicated deficiency, however, in terms of geographic characteristics people who live in the urban has better iodine status compared to rural areas. Similarly, populations in richer economic quintiles had better iodine status. Only pregnant women in the 1st and 2nd quintile were deficient. Almost all regions in Indonesia showed the MUIC was in the normal adequate range, except NTT-NTB, Maluku-Papua, and East Java for pregnant women who tend to have lower MUIC (150 µg/L). The status of iodized salt at the household was detected using both Rapid Test Kit/RTK as well as Titration. The result demonstrated a strong association between salt iodine level and iodine status. The MUIC for all three groups were lower when the iodine level in salt was lower, then increased when the levels of iodine content in salt increased. The iodine status of pregnant women consuming non-iodized salt was inadequate. The detrimental effect of iodine deficiency on the mental and physical development of children as well as on the women of reproductive age has been recognized. Indonesia still needs the salt iodization program to keep the iodine status in the normal range. In particular coverage with adequately iodized salt needs to be improved in order to improve the iodine status of pregnant women. For the prevention of Iodine disorders (insufficient), monitoring should be undertaken in regular basis to assess the MUIC, especially for pregnant women.
ASUPAN GULA, GARAM, DAN LEMAK DI INDONESIA: Analisis Survei Konsumsi Makanan Individu (SKMI) 2014 Atmarita, Atmarita; Jahari, Abas B; Sudikno, Sudikno; Soekatri, Moesijanti
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 39, No 1 (2016): Maret 2016
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRACTIndonesia is facing a very complex health problems. Non-communicable diseases is increasing, while infectious diseases still quite dominant. Among other contributing factors is the imbalance of daily required nutrients intake. Overweight is closely associated with daily intake level of consumed foods, especially the calorie contributors such as sugar and fat, besides, excessive salt intake drives people to eat more. This article is intended to determine the intake of sugar, salt and fat of Indonesian population that is exceeding the WHO recommendations. The analysis used the data of Individual Food Consumption Survey or SKMI 2014 that collected data and asked all food consumed in the last 24 hours from 45,802 households and 145,360 household members in all provinces in Indonesia. Descriptive analysis of all 17 food groups was undertaken to calculate the intake level of sugar, salt, and fat of each individual, and also calculated the proportion based on the characteristics of age group, sex, place of residence, socio-economic, and by province as well. The analysis showed that 77 million people or 29.7 percent of Indonesia's population consumed sugar, salt, and fat exceeding WHO recommendations: sugar (> 50 g/day), salt (> 5 g/day), and fat (> 67 g/day). This should be anticipated due to the increasing trend of people with non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and stroke which have already apparent from 2007 to 2013. It was suggested to reduce the intake of sugar, salt, and fat need of the population through advocacy, counseling, socialization at schools, food and beverage industries, restaurants, factories, and other relevant institutions.ABSTRAKIndonesia menghadapi masalah kesehatan yang sangat kompleks. Penyakit tidak menular semakin meningkat, sementara penyakit menular masih cukup dominan. Faktor penyebabnya antara lain adalah tidak seimbangnya asupan zat gizi yang dibutuhkan sehari-hari. Kelebihan berat badan sangat erat kaitannya dengan konsumsi makanan sehari-hari, terutama penyumbang kalori, seperti gula dan lemak, selain asupan garam yang cenderung membuat orang untuk mengonsumsi makan lebih banyak. Artikel ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui asupan gula, garam, dan lemak penduduk Indonesia yang melebihi rekomendasi WHO. Analisis menggunakan data Survei Konsumsi Makanan Individu (SKMI) 2014 yang mengumpulkan data dan menanyakan semua yang dikonsumsi 24 jam terakhir dari 45.802 rumah tangga dan 145.360 anggota rumah tangga di seluruh provinsi di Indonesia. Analisis deskriptif dari ke-17 kelompok makanan dilakukan untuk menghitung asupan gula, garam, dan lemak (GGL) dari setiap individu, dan juga dihitung proporsi berdasarkan karakteristik: kelompok umur, jenis kelamin, tempat tinggal, sosial-ekonomi, dan juga menurut provinsi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa 29,7 persen penduduk Indonesia atau setara dengan 77 juta jiwa sudah mengonsumsi GGL melebihi rekomendasi WHO: gula (>50 gram/hari), garam (>5 gram/hari), dan lemak (>67 gram/hari). Hal ini perlu diantisipasi mengingat kecenderungan meningkatnya penderita penyakit tidak menular, seperti: obesitas, hipertensi, diabet mellitus, dan stroke yang sudah jelas dari tahun 2007 ke tahun 2013. Saran untuk mengurangi asupan GGL ini perlu segera dilakukan dengan target seluruh penduduk, melalui advokasi/penyuluhan/sosialisasi di sekolah, industri makanan-minuman, restoran, pabrik, dan institusi terkait lainnya. Kata kunci: asupan gula-garam-lemak, penyakit tidak menular, penduduk Indonesia
THE EMERGENCE OF COMBINED STUNTING AND OBESITY AS A NUTRITIONAL THREAT TO CHILD DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA* ., Atmarita; Soendoro, Triono; Jahari, Abas B; ., Trihono; Tilden, Robert
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 32, No 2 (2009): September 2009
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

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Abstract

KEJADIAN MASALAH BALITA PENDEK BERSAMAAN DENGAN KEGEMUKAN MERUPAKAN ANCAMAN BAGI PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN ANAK DI INDONESIATahun 2007 Indonesia melakukan penilaian status gizi anak balita meliputi berat badan (BB) dantinggi badan (TB), sehingga variasi TB/U dan BB/TB dapat ditentukan. Penulis menelaah sebarankependekan dibandingkan dengan kekurusan pada anak-anak di berbagai wilayah diIndonesia, danmembandingkannya dengan risiko pendek dan kurus untuk menentukan apa dan bagaimanakebijakan baru dan intervensi gizi masyarakat dibutuhkan. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas)2007/2008, yang merupakan survei potong-lintang berskala nasional, mencakup satu juta orang,termasuk penilaian status gizi 100.000 anak-anak prasekolah dengan menggunakan standarantropometri WHO 2005. Anak-anak dengan TB/U < -2 SD dianggap pendek, anak-anak dengan BB/TB< -2 SD dianggap kurus, dan anak-anak dengan BB/TB > 2 SD dianggap gemuk ( obese). Sekitar 37persen balita yang diukur ternyata pendek. Dua persen pendek dan kurus, 8 persen gemuk danpendek, 27,8 persen pendek tetapi tidak kurus atau gemuk. Risiko ini bervariasi menurut jeniskelamin, usia dan daerah. Saat ini Indonesia tidak mempunyai program gizi masyarakat yang terfokuspada masalah terlalu pendek atau terlalu gemuk. Secara jelas kependekan dan kegemukan adalahancaman utama pada pengembangan sumberdaya manusia di Indonesia. Kata kunci:anthropometric assessment, stunting, obesity
BERAT DAN PANJANG BAYI SERTA NILAI Z SKORBAYI DENGAN ASI PREDOMINAN DAN PARSIAL BERDASARKAN STANDAR WHO 2005 DAN NCHS\WHO Irawati, Anies; Achadi, Endang L.; Jahari, Abas B
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 31, No 1 (2008): Maret 2008
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

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Abstract

New WHO standard introduce to implemented in every country including Indonesia. Thepopulation of children to develop new standard comes from good economic status and lowmobility. Three quarters infant were exclusive/predominantly breastfed for at least four month. InIndonesia, predominantly and partially breastfed most practiced than exclusive breastfeeding. Tocompare the growth of infantsaccording to WHO new standard and NCHSreference. Methods:Analyzed using secondary data of cohort prospective research of “the influence earlysupplementation infant feeding to first four month infant growth”. Developing curve of infant weightand length attainment for predominant and partially breastfed; also developing curve Z score(weight for age, weight for length and length for age) for predominant and partially breastfed. Bothcurves development are using new WHO standard and NCHS reference. During the first fourmonth, the weight and length deviation of infant with predominantly and partially breastfed usingnew who standard larger than NCHS, and infant with predominantly breastfed better than partiallybreastfed. The Z score curve for weight for age, length for age and weight for age simultaneouslyas a pattern of new WHO standard, but since birth until 4 month age the number of Z score forthose indicators lower than WHO new standard. New WHO standard anthropometry morerepresentative to infant growth than NCHS reference.Keywords: Predominant breastfed infants, partially breastfed infants, growth curve, New WHOstandard, NCHSreference
THE SITUATION OF URINARY IODINE CONCENTRATION (UIC) AMONG SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN, WOMEN AT REPRODUCTIVE AGE AND PREGNANT WOMEN IN INDONESIA: THE ANALYSIS OF RISKESDAS 2013 Kartono, Djoko; Atmarita, Atmarita; Jahari, Abas B; Soekirman, Soekirman; Izwardy, Doddy
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 39, No 1 (2016): Maret 2016
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (468.503 KB)

Abstract

Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) are the leading cause of goiter, cretinism, developmental delays and other health problems. Iodine deficiency is an important public health issue as it is a preventable cause of intellectual disability. While elimination of iodine deficiency is imperative, it should be noted that excessive intake of iodine can also lead to adverse health effects. This paper analyzed the iodine status using median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) of school age children (SAC), women of reproductive age (WRA), and pregnant women (PW) who live in the same household from Riskesdas 2013. The total number of households included in the analysis was 13,811 households, from which 6,149 SAC (aged 6 – 12 years), 13,218 WRA (aged 15-49 years), and 578 PW (aged 15-49 years) were enumerated. The national MUIC of SAC, WRA and PWwas  in the normal range indicated that  the iodine status was adequate using WHO epidemiological criteria. Iodine status in some sub-populations indicated deficiency, however, in terms of geographic characteristics people who live in the urban has better iodine status compared to rural areas. Similarly, populations in richer economic quintiles had better iodine status. Only pregnant women in the 1st and 2nd quintile were deficient. Almost all regions in Indonesia showed the MUIC was in the normal adequate range, except NTT-NTB, Maluku-Papua, and East Java for pregnant women who tend to have lower MUIC (<150 µg/L). The status of iodized salt at the household was detected using both Rapid Test Kit/RTK as well as Titration. The result demonstrated a strong association between salt iodine level and iodine status. The MUIC for all three groups were lower when the iodine level in salt was lower, then increased when the levels of iodine content in salt increased. The iodine status of pregnant women consuming non-iodized salt was inadequate. The detrimental effect of iodine deficiency on the mental and physical development of children as well as on the women of reproductive age has been recognized. Indonesia still needs the salt iodization program to keep the iodine status in the normal range. In particular coverage with adequately iodized salt needs to be improved in order to improve the iodine status of pregnant women. For the prevention of Iodine disorders (insufficient), monitoring should be undertaken in regular basis to assess the MUIC, especially for pregnant women.
Co-Authors Anies Irawati Atmarita ., Atmarita Atmarita Atmarita Djoko Kartono Doddy Izwardy, Doddy Endang L. Achadi, Endang L. Moesijanti Soekatri, Moesijanti Robert Tilden Soekirman Soekirman Sudikno Sudikno Trihono ., Trihono Triono Soendoro, Triono