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All Journal Journal of Engineering Researcher and Lecturer Innovation in Engineering
Zainal Abadi
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, INDONESIA
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Education Engineering Mechanical Engineering

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Exploring how 3D printing parameters affect the flexural strength of ABS materials Diki Anggara; Rifelino Rifelino; Zainal Abadi; Andril Arafat
Innovation in Engineering Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): Regular Issue
Publisher : Researcher and Lecturer Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58712/ie.v1i2.16

Abstract

This research focuses on testing the flexural strength of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) materials used in 3D printing by the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) method. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanical strength of ABS using a full factorial experimental design, applying three main factors such as layer height, infill density and infill pattern. Flexural testing was conducted following ASTM D790 standards. A total of 27 specimens were made by varying the layer height, infill density and infill pattern. The results showed that layer height was the most influential factor on flexural strength, with the highest value of 41.815 Mpa at 0.2 mm layer height, 100% infill density, and line infill pattern. ANOVA analysis supported this conclusion with p values <0.05 for layer height, while infill pattern and infill density showed no significant effect. This study provides guidelines for the use of optimal parameters in ABS-based 3D printing processes.
3D scanner technology in the reverse engineering of complex mechanical components: A literature review Afferli Seftian; Delima Yanti Sari; Rifelino Rifelino; Zainal Abadi
Journal of Engineering Researcher and Lecturer Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Regular Issue
Publisher : Researcher and Lecturer Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58712/jerel.v5i1.213

Abstract

This study addresses the challenges involved in the reverse engineering of complex mechanical components, where conventional manual measurement methods often produce geometric deviations that negatively affect the reliability of advanced engineering analyses. A descriptive literature review was conducted to evaluate the role of 3D scanning technology in overcoming these limitations. The study compares various data acquisition methods, including laser scanning, structured light scanning, and photogrammetry, while also analysing how the level of geometric accuracy influences finite element simulation results and structural analysis outcomes. The review found that 3D scanning significantly improves geometric fidelity compared with traditional techniques, thereby enhancing the validity of numerical simulations. However, the review also identified that the quality of the final model is highly dependent on the selected scanning technology, surface conditions, and advanced reconstruction processes such as point cloud registration and mesh generation. The findings indicate that although 3D scanning offers superior precision, geometric deviations may still occur and influence structural parameters. This study concludes that the integration of 3D scanning into reverse engineering workflows requires systematic validation to ensure not only visual accuracy but also functional reliability in engineering applications. Furthermore, this review highlights a critical research gap, suggesting that future studies should place greater emphasis on the direct correlation between geometric accuracy and engineering simulation outcomes.
Adhesion mechanisms and mechanical performance of single-lap joints in FDM-3D printed: A review Muhamad Qeisya Hanif; Rifelino Rifelino; Febri Prasetya; Zainal Abadi
Journal of Engineering Researcher and Lecturer Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Regular Issue
Publisher : Researcher and Lecturer Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58712/jerel.v5i1.214

Abstract

Additive Manufacturing (AM), particularly Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), has evolved from a rapid prototyping technology into a manufacturing approach for producing functional components across a wide range of industrial sectors. Nevertheless, the limited build volume of FDM systems has encouraged the use of adhesive bonding as a practical method for joining sub-components, with the single-lap joint (SLJ) configuration being among the most widely adopted designs. This review aims to provide an integrated analysis of the relationship between FDM-induced surface morphology, the adhesion mechanisms developed at the bonded interface, and their implications for stress distribution, shear strength, and joint failure modes. The findings indicate that the surface characteristics generated by the FDM process, including layer lines, stair-stepping effects, voids, and porosity, create interfacial conditions that differ fundamentally from those of homogeneous materials. These characteristics also produce a non-linear relationship between surface roughness and joint strength. Process parameters such as printing orientation and layer height were identified as key controlling factors that influence surface topography and adhesive performance. From a mechanical perspective, the eccentric load path inherent in SLJ configurations generates significant shear and peel stress concentrations at the overlap ends. These stress concentrations coincide with structurally weak regions that are intrinsically associated with FDM adherends, making them the primary sites for crack initiation and joint failure. Furthermore, modifications to overlap geometry and tailored adhesive distribution have been recognized as effective strategies for improving stress redistribution and enhancing the load-bearing capacity of the joint. This review highlights that the assessment of adhesive joints in FDM-manufactured components requires an integrated analytical framework that accounts for the coupled interactions among printing process parameters, surface conditions, adhesive properties, and progressive failure modeling. Such an approach is essential for the development of reliable structural joint designs for FDM-based applications.
Study of the effective fraction of areca nut husk fibre composites based on mechanical properties Irfan Muhammad Akbar; Anna Niska Fauza; Zainal Abadi; Dieter Rahmadiawan
Journal of Engineering Researcher and Lecturer Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): Regular Issue
Publisher : Researcher and Lecturer Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58712/jerel.v3i1.126

Abstract

Areca nut husk fibers have the potential to be used as reinforcement in polymer composites as a substitute for synthetic fibres. In the manufacture of fibre composites, one of the important factors in determining the strength is the matrix to fibre ratio. This study aims to determine the effective ratio or fraction between areca nut husk fibre and orthophthalic polyester resin. Before using areca nut husk fibre, it was chemically treated so that only cellulose remained in the fibre. The areca nut husk fibre was processed into sheets. The composite was manufactured using the hand lay-up technique. Tensile and flexural tests were carried out to determine the mechanical properties. Based on the results of the tests conducted, there are differences in the mechanical properties of the composites. The tensile test results show that the 40% fibre fraction has the highest tensile strength and modulus values. On the other hand, in the flexure tests, the highest tensile strength and modulus values are found in the 30% fibre fraction.
Tensile strength study of mensiang (scirpuss grossus) fibre composites with unsaturated polyester resin matrix Evan Hakiim; Hendri Nurdin; Zainal Abadi; Wei-Ting Zhuang
Journal of Engineering Researcher and Lecturer Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Regular Issue
Publisher : Researcher and Lecturer Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58712/jerel.v3i3.164

Abstract

The mensiang (scirpuss grossus) is a plant that grows on moist and watery land. Mensiang plants are commonly used by the society to produce mats or bags that have a strong and durable texture. This mensiang plant has fibres that can be used as reinforcement in polymer composites as a substitute for synthetic fibres. In composite manufacturing, one of the important factors in determining strength is the fraction between fibre and matrix. This study was conducted to determine the effect of different volume fractions of composites on the tensile strength of mensiang fibre reinforcement. Extraction of fibre from the stem of the mensiang plant was done manually by combing, so that the fibre was obtained. The fibres were then naturally dried by the sun for 2-3 days. The composite manufacturing process was carried out by using the hand lay-up method. Specimens and tensile testing procedures refer to the ASTM D638 standard. Several specimens were made by varying the fibre and matrix fractions. The test results showed that the 12.5% fibre volume fraction had the highest tensile strength. In this study there was no chemical treatment on the fibres before the lamination process, thus, this can be suggested for future researchers to study on the effect of chemical treatment on mensiang fibres on fibre bonding with the matrix.
The effectiveness of the STAD Cooperative Learning Method assisted by Flashcard Media in improving students’ learning outcomes Yoan Alfarezy Indra; Febri Prasetya; Primawati Primawati; Zainal Abadi
Journal of Engineering Researcher and Lecturer Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Regular Issue
Publisher : Researcher and Lecturer Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58712/jerel.v4i2.187

Abstract

This study explores the effectiveness of the Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) cooperative learning model, supported by flashcard media, in enhancing student learning outcomes in Manufacturing Technical Drawing at SMK Negeri 1 West Sumatra. A quasi-experimental control group design was employed, where the experimental group used the STAD method integrated with flashcards, and the control group received traditional lecture-based instruction. Post-test results showed that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group, achieving a higher mean score of 79.68 compared to 63.84, with an N-Gain score of 50.81%, indicating moderate improvement. The study found that the STAD model, combined with flashcards, boosted academic achievement and promoted more consistent and equitable learning outcomes. Flashcards played a vital role by simplifying complex concepts and enhancing student engagement. This study fills a gap in vocational education by demonstrating the effectiveness of combining cooperative learning and visual aids in technical education. The research offers valuable insights for educators in similar contexts, proposing a cost-effective and scalable instructional method that can be applied across various technical disciplines. However, the study’s limitation lies in its short-term implementation, and further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of this combined learning strategy.
Finite element analysis and crashworthiness evaluation of a multi-stage aluminium alloy 6061-T6 impact attenuator for Formula SAE Aditia Pratama; Zainal Abadi; Delima Yanti Sari; Wanda Afnison
Journal of Engineering Researcher and Lecturer Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Regular Issue
Publisher : Researcher and Lecturer Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58712/jerel.v5i2.219

Abstract

Formula SAE regulations require every prototype vehicle to be equipped with an impact attenuator as a passive safety system capable of absorbing a minimum frontal impact energy of 7,350 J at an impact velocity of 7 m/s for a vehicle with a mass of approximately 300 kg. This study aims to design an impact attenuator that satisfies the Formula SAE requirements to improve vehicle crashworthiness. Three design variations were analyzed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with LS-DYNA to evaluate energy absorption, impact force, acceleration/deceleration, and displacement. The accuracy of the numerical model was validated using previously published experimental data before analyzing the effect of thickness variation in each stage of the impact attenuator. The simulation results show that the optimum design is capable of absorbing impact energy above the minimum requirement of 7,350 J, exhibits a high Crash Force Efficiency (CFE), produces acceleration within the prescribed safety limits, and provides controlled deformation during the impact process. The results indicate that the proposed impact attenuator design satisfies the Formula SAE safety requirements and has the potential to be applied to prototype vehicles to improve safety performance during frontal collisions.
Co-Authors - Primawati Aditia Pratama Afferli Seftian Andril Arafat Delima Yanti Sari Dieter Rahmadiawan Diki Anggara Evan Hakiim Fauza, Anna Niska Febri Prasetya Irfan Muhammad Akbar Muhamad Qeisya Hanif Nurdin Hendri Rifelino Rifelino Wanda Afnison Wei-Ting Zhuang Yoan Alfarezy Indra