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Ricka Prasdiantika
Jurusan Analisis Farmasi Dan Makanan, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Surakarta
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Journal : METANA

 1 
Sintesis Biodiesel Minyak Ampas Tahu Terkatalisis Lempung Termodifikasi Kalsium Oksida dengan Pemanasan Microwave Niyar Candra Agustin; Ricka Prasdiantika; Sri Subekti
METANA Vol 18, No 1 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v18i1.42417

Abstract

Biodiesel telah menjadi sumber energi alternaltif yang terus dikembangkan. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis biodiesel dari minyak ampas tahu menggunakan katalis lempung termodifikasi Kalsium Oksida (CaO) dengan pemanasan microwave untuk menghasilkan biodiesel. Sintesis Katalis lempung termodifikasi CaO menggunakan metode impregnasi basah. Sistesis biodiesel dari minyak ampas tahu melalui reaksi transesterifikasi dengan variasi jumlah katalis lempung termodifikasi CaO 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 % (b/b) dan variasi daya microwave 150, 300, 450, 600, dan 800 watt. Katalis Lempung termodifikasi CaO dikarakterisasi SEM EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopes/Energy Dispersive X-Ray) dan uji kebasaannya dengan metode Hammet. Produk biodiesel dikarakterisasi dengan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa biodiesel minyak ampas tahu telah berhasil disintesis. Biodiesel optimum dicapai pada jumlah katalis lempung termodifikasi CaO sebesar 3% dan daya microwave 600 watt dengan waktu reaksi 15 menit sebesar 90%. Terbentuknya biodiesel dibuktikan dengan beberapa puncak metil ester yaitu metil oleat (59,88%), metil palmitat (36,74%), metil stearat (2,94%), dan metil miristat (0,28%).   Biodiesel has become an alternative energy source that continues to be developed. In this study, biodiesel was synthesized from tofu dregs oil using a clay modified calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst with microwave heating to produce biodiesel. Synthesis of clay modified CaO catalyst using wet impregnation method. Synthesis of biodiesel from tofu dregs oil through transesterification reaction with variations in the amount of modified clay catalyst CaO 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 % (w/w) and variations in microwave power 150, 300, 450, 600, and 800 watts. The CaO-modified clay catalyst was characterized by SEM EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopes/Energy Dispersive X-Ray) and tested for basicity using the Hammet method. The biodiesel products were characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The characterization results show that the tofu dregs oil biodiesel has been successfully synthesized. Optimum biodiesel was achieved at 3% CaO-modified clay catalyst and 600 watt microwave power with a reaction time of 15 minutes by 90%. The formation of biodiesel was evidenced by several peaks of methyl esters, namely methyl oleate (59.88%), methyl palmitate (36.74%), methyl stearate (2.94%), and methyl myristate (0.28%).
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Larutan Asam Klorida terhadap Sifat Bahan Magnetik Pasir Besi Pantai Muara Kencan Ricka Prasdiantika; Niyar Candra Agustin; Shintawati Dyah Purwaningrum
METANA Vol 18, No 2 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v18i2.47483

Abstract

Besi banyak digunakan pada berbagai bidang seperti konstruksi, industri semen, dan industri baja, sehingga kebutuhan bahan baku besi semakin meningkat. Besi di alam banyak ditemukan pada pasir besi. Pasir besi masih banyak mengandung pengotor sehingga dibutuhkan treatment seperti dicuci dengan larutan asam untuk mengurangi komposisi pengotor, meningkatkan komposisi besi, dan meningkatkan kristalinitas. Penggunaan larutan asam pada konsentrasi tinggi dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya kandungan besi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh dari konsentrasi larutan asam klorida terhadap sifat dari bahan magnetik pasir besi. Sampel berasal dari Pantai Muara Kencan Kabupaten Kendal. Bahan magnetik dicuci dengan akuades dan larutan asam klorida dengan konsentrasi yaitu 0,5; 1; 2; dan 4 M dalam sonikator selama 30 menit. Karakterisasi bahan dilakukan menggunakan X-Ray Difraktometer untuk mengidentifikasi kristalinitas dan ukuran kristal, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer untuk mengidentifikasi gugus fungsional, dan X-Ray Fluoresence untuk mengidentifikasi unsur-unsur yang terkandung dalam bahan. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan XRD dan spektofotometer menunjukkan bahwa pencucian bahan magnetik dengan larutan asam klorida pada berbagai konsentrasi tidak mengubah jenis oksida besinya yang berupa magnetit. Hasil dari karakterisasi menggunakan XRF menunjukkan pencucian bahan magnetik dengan larutan asam klorida pada berbagai konsentrasi mampu meningkatkan komposisi dari unsur Fe. Kondisi optimum terjadi pada pencucian dengan konsentrasi larutan asam klorida 1 M yang menghasilkan kristalinitas sebesar 78,23% dan komposisi unsur Fe sebesar 82,69%. Iron was used in various fields such as construction, cement industry, and steel industry, so the need for iron raw bahans was increasing. Iron in nature was found in iron sand. The iron sand was washed with acid solution to reduced the impurity composition, increase the iron composition, and increase the crystallinity of the bahan. The used of acidic solutions at high concentrations can lead to reduced iron content. This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of hydrochloric acid solution on the properties of the iron sand magnetic bahan. The sample came from Muara Kencan Beach, Kendal Regency. Magnetic bahan was washed with distilled water and HCl solution with a concentration of 0.5; 1; 2; and 4 M in a sonicator for 30 min. Bahan characterization was carried out using X-Ray Diffractometer to identify crystallinity and crystal size, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer to identify functional groups, and X-Ray Fluorescence to identify elements contained in the bahan. The results of FTIR and XRD characterization showed that washing of magnetic bahan with HCl solution at various concentrations did not change the type of iron oxide in the form of magnetite. The results of XRF characterization showed that washing of magnetic bahan with HCl solution at various concentrations was able to increase the composition of the Fe element. Optimum conditions occurred in washing with a concentration of 1 M HCl solution which resulted in crystallinity of 78.23% and elemental composition of 82.69% Fe.
Co-Authors Abdul Rohman Agustien Zulaidah Agustien Zulaidah Agustin, Niyar Candra Apriyanti, Eny Dony Allan Pratama Eri Kurniawan Fariz Nizar January Jefry P Nina Kadaritna Niyar Candra Agustin Noor Fadiawati Praptanti Sinung Adi Nugroho Puji Basuki Purwaningrum, Shintawati Dyah Subekti, Sri Suharman Suharman Sukaryo Sukaryo Susanto Susanto Susanto Susanto Susanto Susanto Theodor C.M. Bolle Theodor C.M. Bolle Widayat Amariansah Yustika Kusumawardani Yustika Kusumawardani