Muhammad Syaleh
Sekolah Tinggi Olahraga Dan Kesehatan Bina Guna, Indonesia

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Biomechanical Pathways in Volleyball Spike Performance A Path Analysis of Anthropometric and Technical Factors Muhammad Syaleh; M. Ghozali Aufathul Akbar; Fadhil Ammar Rizqillah Lubis; Bastian Pratama Lumban Gaol; Boy Agustinus Sirait; Boisandi Buulolo; Yunita Mandasari; Dian Buono; Aulia Hidayati Ramadhana; Yupiter Prakasa Laia; Eka Selvia Tampubolon
Joska: Jurnal Isori Kampar Vol. 1 No. 03 (2024): November Issue JOSKA: ISORI KAMPAR JURNAL
Publisher : INSPIRETECH GLOBAL INSIGHT & (ISORI KAMPAR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53905/94zzy351

Abstract

Objectives: To examine the biomechanical factors influencing volleyball spike performance through path analysis, investigating direct and indirect relationships between anthropometric measurements, physical capabilities, and technical execution parameters. Methods: Sixty elite volleyball players (30 male, 30 female) underwent comprehensive biomechanical testing, including anthropometric measurements, strength assessments, coordination tests, and performance measures. Path analysis was conducted using AMOS 26.0 software with bootstrapping (5000 samples) to evaluate relationships between variables. Multiple goodness-of-fit indices were used to assess model validity. Results: Arm length demonstrated the strongest direct effect on spike velocity (β = 0.45, p < 0.001), with a total effect of β = 0.57 when including indirect pathways. Core strength significantly influenced spike performance through coordination (β = 0.35, p < 0.001). Shoulder rotational strength directly affected ball speed (β = 0.39, p < 0.001), while reaction time significantly influenced approach timing (β = -0.32, p < 0.01). The model showed good fit with RMSEA = 0.048 (90% CI: 0.039-0.057), CFI = 0.962, and TLI = 0.955. Conclusion: The study revealed complex interrelationships between anthropometric characteristics, physical capabilities, and technical execution in volleyball spike performance. Both direct physical attributes and their indirect effects through technical parameters contribute to successful spike execution. These findings provide evidence-based recommendations for training program design and talent development in volleyball.
A Locally Manufactured Laser Gate was Employed to Assess the Agility of College Volleyball Players. Muhammad Syaleh; Agung Nugroho; Muhammad Eka Mardyansyah Simbolon; Dzihan Khilmi Ayu Firdausi; Fredy Eko Setiawan
Journal Coaching Education Sports Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31599/g0w1sm54

Abstract

Introduction: Agility is essential in volleyball. Accurate measurement helps identify talent, improve training, and reduce injury risk. However, common methods such as the T-agility test have limits in accuracy and practicality. Therefore, sensor-based technologies are developed to provide more objective and precise results. Objective: This study aims to create a low-cost and practical sensor system to measure volleyball agility. It focuses on developing a laser-based timing gate and evaluating its validity and reliability within a single session. Methodology: The participants were 25 collegiate volleyball players (age: 19.0 ± 0.88 years; height: 161.9 ± 7.19 cm; weight: 53.6 ± 9.15 kg). Each participant performed the T-test twice, and the average score was used for analysis. Intra-session reliability was assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Results: The laser timing system showed slightly faster results than the stopwatch in the first trial, slower results in the second, and overall faster average times across trials. Discussion: A low-cost laser-based agility system was successfully developed and tested against a manual stopwatch. The findings indicate acceptable validity and reliability. Faster times from the laser system are likely due to the removal of human reaction delays. This system is affordable, simple to use, and suitable as an alternative to expensive commercial timing devices, allowing wider access to objective performance measurement. Conclusions: The laser timing gate is a reliable and economical tool for assessing agility in volleyball players and is useful for research and training purposes.