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All Journal Jurnal Hubungan Internasional JWP (Jurnal Wacana Politik) Jurnal Pertahanan : Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism dan Integrity Global Political Studies Journal AMMA : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Aliansi : Jurnal Politik, Keamanan Dan Hubungan Internasional Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Mandira Cendikia (JPKM-MC)
Mohamad Hery Saripudin
Universitas Padjadjaran
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Chemistry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Nursing Social Sciences Other

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Quantitative Assessment of the Evolution of Indonesia International Military Cooperation with the United States and China (1995 – 2014) Rasyid, Muhammad Gilang; Nashir, Asep Kamaluddin; Saripudin, Mohamad Hery
Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism dan Integrity Vol 12, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Republic of Indonesia Defense University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33172/jp.v12i1.19839

Abstract

The dynamics of China and the United States rivalry have significantly affected many countries, with both seeking to align other states with them. Both the United States and China seek to increase their influence amid geopolitical competition, including military cooperation with Indonesia. Following the question of how these two relationships have developed over time, we present a quantitative analysis of the evolution, trend, and variations of international military cooperation with both China and the United States. With that in mind, this study developed an original index, the International Military Cooperation Intensity (IMCI) Index, aimed at measuring military cooperation between Indonesia and the two countries from 1995 to 2014 within arms transfer and bilateral joint military exercises area. The findings from the IMCI Index show that while Indonesia has increasingly strengthened its military cooperation with the United States, it has simultaneously strengthened its relationship with China. While our findings verify the assumption that United States remains Indonesia’s stronger partner, the results confirm Indonesia’s  increasing military cooperation with China during this period. This result increases our understanding of Indonesia's evolving military cooperation with both countries during this period using these two quantitative indicators. In addition, the methodological approach used in this study illustrated the usefulness of constructing an index that can serve to show the trends, evolution, and variation in examining international relations events such as international military cooperation.
Co-Authors Aan Setiadarma Abdullah Arif Asep Kamaluddin Nashir Mansur Juned Pribadi Sutiono Rasyid, Muhammad Gilang Salam, Syahrul Setiadarma, Aan Siti Maryam Sophiana Widiastutie Syahrul Salam Utami, Rahmadini Agung Ayu Yuliani Widianingsih