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All Journal JPPUMA: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik Universitas Medan Area Didache : Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi dan Sosial Politik International Journal of Education, Culture, and Society International Journal of Education, Management, and Technology International Journal of Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences
Hendarwoto, Yermia
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Religion Arts Humanities Computer Science & IT Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Social Sciences Other

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The Role of Defense Diplomacy in Strengthening Indonesia–France Relations: A Case Study of Defense Equipment Procurement Saleo, Aloycius Chandra Londong Somalinggi; Perwita, Anak Agung Banyu; Hendarwoto, Yermia
International Journal of Education, Culture, and Society Vol 3 No 3 (2025): International Journal of Education, Culture, and Society
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ijecs.v3i3.7119

Abstract

This study investigates the role of defense diplomacy in enhancing bilateral relations between Indonesia and France, with particular emphasis on defense equipment procurement as a strategic instrument. Grounded in neorealism, cooperative security theory, and the concept of defense diplomacy, the research explores how Indonesia’s acquisition of French military platforms, including Rafale fighter jets and Scorpène-class submarines, extends beyond arms transactions to encompass trust-building, capability development, and regional power balancing. Employing a qualitative case study approach supported by policy analysis, defense agreements, and secondary literature, the study demonstrates that defense procurement has strengthened bilateral strategic alignment while advancing Indonesia’s military modernization agenda. The findings indicate that defense diplomacy can serve as an effective bridge between hard power imperatives and soft power engagement, particularly within the increasingly contested Indo-Pacific context. This research contributes to scholarly debates on middle power diplomacy and underscores the multidimensional value of defense cooperation in achieving foreign policy and security objectives.
The Integration of Non-Traditional Security into Ausindo Eagle to Expand Defense Diplomacy between Indonesia and Australia Aritonang, Alice Agatha Delfreeta; Perwita, Anak Agung Banyu; Aritonang, Sovian; Hendarwoto, Yermia
International Journal of Education, Culture, and Society Vol 3 No 3 (2025): International Journal of Education, Culture, and Society
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ijecs.v3i3.7393

Abstract

This study addresses the limited scholarly attention to bilateral military exercises as instruments of defense diplomacy, despite their growing significance for regional security in Southeast Asia. Specifically, it analyzes the role of the AUSINDO EAGLE joint exercises in advancing Indonesia–Australia defense cooperation and in mainstreaming non-traditional security agendas within bilateral defense diplomacy. Adopting a qualitative research design, the study employed purposive sampling of two key historical cases—the inaugural AUSINDO EAGLE exercise in 1993 and the most recent in 2023. Data were collected through document analysis of official military reports, policy statements, and secondary literature, and analyzed using thematic content analysis. The findings demonstrate that AUSINDO EAGLE has progressed from a conventional interoperability-focused joint air exercise into a comprehensive defense engagement encompassing humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. This transformation underscores defense diplomacy’s dual function as both a confidence-building mechanism and an adaptive strategy to address non-traditional security challenges. The study concludes that AUSINDO EAGLE not only consolidates bilateral defense cooperation but also enhances regional stability by broadening the scope of security collaboration. The implications include theoretical contributions to defense diplomacy literature and practical recommendations for policymakers to strengthen joint training programs, expand multilateral participation, and institutionalize HADR frameworks. The study also highlights avenues for future research, particularly comparative analyses with ASEAN-led exercises and empirical fieldwork involving military practitioners.
Women in Peacekeeping Missions: Examining the Impact of Gender Participation on Defense Diplomacy and Confidence-Building in the ASEAN Region Pamungkas, Maria Anatasya Sekar; Perwita, Anak Agung Banyu; Hendarwoto, Yermia
International Journal of Education, Culture, and Society Vol 3 No 3 (2025): International Journal of Education, Culture, and Society
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ijecs.v3i3.7394

Abstract

This study examines the expanding role of women in peacekeeping operations within the ASEAN region and their contributions to defense diplomacy and confidence-building measures (CBMs). Situated within the global Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda, the integration of gender perspectives in peacekeeping enhances the legitimacy, effectiveness, and sustainability of missions. Anchored in feminist security theory and the defense diplomacy framework, the research analyzes empirical evidence from Indonesia, the Philippines, and Cambodia—three ASEAN member states that have increased female deployment in UN and regional peacekeeping initiatives. Employing qualitative case studies and policy document analysis, the findings demonstrate that female peacekeepers strengthen defense diplomacy by fostering interpersonal engagement, cross-cultural communication, and community-level trust-building. They positively influence local perceptions of security forces, improve access to vulnerable populations, and support post-conflict reconstruction and reconciliation processes. Nevertheless, persistent institutional and cultural barriers, including tokenism, limited leadership opportunities, and inadequate gender-sensitive training, constrain the full potential of women’s participation. The study concludes that mainstreaming gender perspectives in defense institutions, expanding capacity-building initiatives, and promoting regionally coherent ASEAN policies for inclusive peacekeeping are essential steps forward. The findings affirm that meaningful participation of women in peacekeeping is both a moral imperative and a strategic necessity for advancing regional peace, stability, and cooperation.
Border Protection Task Force and Soft Power Defense Diplomacy in the Oecusse Border Dispute Nahadin, Mallini Anthonia; Perwita, Anak Agung Banyu; Hendarwoto, Yermia
International Journal of Education, Culture, and Society Vol 3 No 3 (2025): International Journal of Education, Culture, and Society
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ijecs.v3i3.7565

Abstract

This study addresses a notable gap in the literature concerning the intersection of defense diplomacy and post-colonial border governance, with a specific focus on Indonesia and Timor-Leste’s Oecusse enclave. Despite the region’s strategic relevance and humanitarian sensitivities, limited scholarly attention has been given to the soft power dimensions of military engagement in this context. The research aims to analyze how Indonesia’s Border Protection Task Force (Satgas Pamtas) operationalizes soft power-driven defense diplomacy to manage low-intensity border frictions and sustain stability in Oecusse. Utilizing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through document analysis, policy reports, and expert interviews with thirty purposively selected respondents. Thematic and pattern-matching analysis was applied to identify recurring mechanisms of cooperation and confidence-building. Findings indicate that Indonesia’s defense diplomacy manifested through joint patrols, humanitarian outreach, and cross-border community engagement serves as a non-coercive strategy for conflict prevention and mutual trust enhancement. These practices underscore the evolving role of military institutions as diplomatic actors in regional security governance. The study affirms the theoretical link between soft power and border management, illustrating how defense initiatives can contribute to peacebuilding without escalating tensions. It concludes that institutionalizing localized confidence-building measures, promoting civilian involvement, and integrating traditional adat structures into formal bilateral mechanisms are crucial for achieving sustainable peace. The study further recommends future comparative research on border diplomacy across Southeast Asia to refine the hybrid defense diplomacy model presented.
ASEAN Defense Diplomacy: Navigating US Tariffs and South China Sea Tensions Saputra, Darma Eka; Perwita, Anak Agung Banyu; Hendarwoto, Yermia
International Journal of Education, Management, and Technology Vol 3 No 2 (2025): International Journal of Education, Management, and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ijemt.v3i2.7054

Abstract

This paper examines the evolution of ASEAN defense diplomacy in response to two major geopolitical challenges: the 2018 U.S.–China trade war and China’s increasing assertiveness in the South China Sea, with a specific focus on the Scarborough Shoal standoff. Utilizing a qualitative research approach, the study analyzes ASEAN’s institutional frameworks namely the ASEAN Defense Ministers' Meeting (ADMM), ADMM-Plus, and the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) to explore how defense diplomacy functions alongside economic strategies. The findings suggest that ASEAN’s defense diplomacy serves a stabilizing role by fostering regional unity, facilitating strategic hedging, and sustaining military communication channels amid escalating trade and maritime tensions. The study argues that ASEAN’s dual engagement with both the U.S. and China, despite the limitations of consensus-based diplomacy, enables the bloc to avoid alignment traps and enhances its collective resilience against external coercion. Ultimately, ASEAN defense diplomacy, though institutionally constrained, proves to be a vital instrument for maintaining strategic balance, upholding regional stability, and reinforcing the rules-based international order.
Co-Authors Anak Agung Banyu Perwita Aritonang, Alice Agatha Delfreeta Aritonang, Sovian Baresi, Muhammad Jordan Dhankhar, Dinesh Kumar Estirahayu, Ferditania Nahadin, Mallini Anthonia Ng, Jeffrey Norlyanti, Nia Nurjanah, Ita Oktaheroe Ramsi Pamungkas, Maria Anatasya Sekar Saleo, Aloycius Chandra Londong Somalinggi Saputra, Darma Eka Silaen, Christo Ariel Mario Sutrisno, Sutrisno Tokio, Jimmy Veni