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Utilization of Crumbs from Discarded Rubber Tyres as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete: A Review Eze, Val Hyginus Udoka; Uche, Chikadibia Kalu Awa; Chinyere, Ugwu; Wisdom, Okafor; Chukwudi, Ogenyi Fabian
International Journal of Recent Technology and Applied Science (IJORTAS) Vol 5 No 2: September 2023
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijortas-0502.559

Abstract

This research work successfully reviewed twenty-five papers on waste rubber tyres and their related areas. The chemical and physical properties of concrete constituents such as cement, water, sand and rubber crumbs were reviewed together with their mix ratios. The use of Tyre Rubber Crumbs (TRC) to replace coarse aggregates makes concrete construction work cheaper and its low water absorption rate improves the concrete mix properties such as compressive strength and workability. Hence, in road pavement construction, the use of TRC in asphalt modification is the best and smartest innovation for sustainable development and waste material reuse. This research showed that waste TRC are very essential in the replacement of some aggregates in the construction industries resulting in very high-quality construction and as well minimize construction costs.
Design and Implementation of a DC to AC Power Electronics-Based Inverter that Produces Pure Sine Wave Output for Critical Engineering Applications Mubeezi, Conceptar; Kalyankolo, Umaru; Eze, Val Hyginus Udoka; Okafor , O. Wisdom
International Journal of Recent Technology and Applied Science (IJORTAS) Vol 6 No 1: March 2024
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijortas-0601.615

Abstract

Power inverters play a crucial role in the field of engineering, particularly in applications where power stability is imperative. In devices such as Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS), the conversion of raw power to DC, subsequent filtering, and inversion to AC are executed through pure sine wave inverters. These inverters exhibit remarkable stability, making them ideal for powering sensitive equipment like data switches and Remote Terminal Units (RTUs). This study delves into the intricate process of converting DC power into a pristine sine wave signal. The heart of this power conversion lies in the utilization of the KA3525A integrated circuit (IC) in conjunction with MOSFETs of the PN55 series, supported by capacitors and resistors for effective power filtration. The KA3525A, a monolithic IC, encompasses all essential control circuits for a pulse width modulating regulator. Within this IC, a voltage reference, error amplifier, pulse width modulator, oscillator, under-voltage lockout, soft start circuit, and output driver collaborate seamlessly. The MOSFETs function as switches, synchronized with the oscillating signal from the KA3525A IC. This coordination, combined with the filter and other signal conditioning units, enables the conversion process. The design achieves the conversion of raw power into a stable pure sine wave signal of 170V AC at the H-bridge terminals, demonstrating the success of the designed approach.
Investigating the Viability of Rubber Crumbs from Waste Tyres as Partial Replacement for Coarse Aggregates in Concrete Uche, Chikadibia Kalu Awa; Eze, Val Hyginus Udoka; Kitaata, Paul; Chranimah, Muhereza; Ukagwu, Kelechi John; Barah, Obinna Onyebuchi; Edozie, Enerst
International Journal of Recent Technology and Applied Science (IJORTAS) Vol 6 No 2: September 2024
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijortas-0602.616

Abstract

The number of waste tyres is on the increase, because of the growing use of transport vehicles. Almost one trillion waste tyres are generated in the world annually. Established methods of disposal, recycling and re-use of waste tyres have failed to keep pace with generation, proven to be ineffective, cost-intensive and in some cases environmentally unsustainable. This study aims to investigate the effects of utilizing crumbs from discarded rubber as a partial replacement for coarse aggregates in concrete. Rubber crumbs of 10 – 20mm nominal size were produced manually from waste tyres. The rubber crumbs were used to replace 10%, 20% and 30% of coarse aggregates in design concrete of 20N/mm2 target compressive strength. The effects of this material on the slump, water absorption and compressive strength of concrete were examined. The inclusion of rubber crumbs resulted in a decline in the slump of concrete up to 10% relative to the control specimen. Water absorption increased marginally at 10% replacement compared to the control specimen and recorded a maximum value of 0.77% with 30% replacement after 28 days of curing. The compressive strength of the concrete was negatively affected by the rubber crumbs. The maximum value of 13.9N/mm2 was attained at 10% replacement after 28 days of curing. Rubberized concrete with 10% replacement of coarse aggregates can be used for non-structural concrete members such as roof slabs, non–load–bearing partition walls, and roadside barriers. Chemical treatment of rubber crumbs to improve surface adhesion properties should be encouraged.
Innovative Design and Implementation of Portable and Rechargeable Air Purifier and Humidifier Ukagwu, Kelechi John; Enzoionzi, Azando Isaac; Eze, Val Hyginus Udoka; Uche, Chikadibia Kalu Awa; Ukagwu, Faith
International Journal of Recent Technology and Applied Science (IJORTAS) Vol 6 No 1: March 2024
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijortas-0601.618

Abstract

This study presents the innovative design and successful implementation of a Portable and Rechargeable Air Purifier and Humidifier (PRAPH) aimed at addressing indoor air quality issues in Uganda. The device combines air purification and humidification functionalities into a compact, user-friendly, and energy-efficient unit. The design phase of the PRA-PH involved a thorough analysis of existing air purifiers and humidifiers, identifying key limitations such as limited portability, energy inefficiency, and complex maintenance requirements. The system incorporates high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, activated carbon filters, and ultrasonic humidification technology to effectively remove particulate matter, allergens, and airborne contaminants while simultaneously maintaining optimal humidity levels. A rechargeable lithium-ion battery was integrated to ensure portability, enabling users to use the PRA-PH without relying on a constant power source. Additionally, smart sensors and microcontroller-based control systems were employed to automate the device's operation, adjusting purification and humidification settings based on real-time air quality measurements. The PRA-PH was subjected to rigorous testing to evaluate its efficiency in purifying air and maintaining suitable humidity levels across various indoor environments. The results demonstrated significant improvements in air quality, showcasing the device's ability to effectively remove pollutants and maintain a comfortable humidity range. This study contributes to a portable and rechargeable air purifier and humidifier system that addresses the limitations of existing solutions. The PRA-PH's innovative design, efficient operation, and user-friendly interface make it a promising option for individuals seeking a convenient and effective way to improve indoor air quality and enhance the overall well-being of Ugandans.
Evaluating Public Procurement's Challenges in Nigeria's Construction Industry Boniface, Nancy Amarachi; Nnadi, Ezekiel; Eze, Val Hyginus Udoka
International Journal of Recent Technology and Applied Science (IJORTAS) Vol 6 No 1: March 2024
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijortas-0601.621

Abstract

The article explores the challenges faced by public project management in Nigeria, focusing on the procurement process and its potential improvements. The research used a survey and descriptive design, collecting data from 125 procurement offices and federal Ministry of Works professionals. The study found that poor risk management, dark purchasing, corruption, and lack of transparency were the top issues, with a mean score of 4.96. The study also found that the procurement process and industry, economy, and project quality had a joint influence on the dependent variables. The study rejected the null hypothesis, stating that the procurement process significantly impacts the industry, economy, and project quality in Nigeria. The research recommends implementing measures to improve the procurement process and punishing offenders to reduce fraud. The study concludes that the procurement process in Nigeria significantly impacts the industry, economy, and project quality.
A Comparison of Conventional Blocks and Stabilized Earth Blocks as Building Materials in Uganda Nnadi, Ezekiel Ejiofor; Boniface, Nancy; Eze, Val Hyginus Udoka
International Journal of Recent Technology and Applied Science (IJORTAS) Vol 6 No 1: March 2024
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijortas-0601.635

Abstract

In Uganda, the high cost of conventional cement and sand blocks has driven the widespread adoption of alternative building materials, such as wattle bricks, compressed earth blocks, and burnt bricks. Among these, compressed earth blocks have gained popularity due to their eco-friendly, energy-efficient, and biodegradable nature. Made by compressing damp soil at high pressure, these blocks offer an environmentally sustainable solution by minimizing deforestation and eliminating the need for firewood, which is often used in the production of traditional bricks. This study employed a case study methodology and utilized deliberate sampling to gather data, which was then analyzed using SPSS v20. The findings revealed that Stabilized Earth Materials (SEMs) have a stronger positive correlation with user satisfaction compared to conventional blocks, with a satisfaction rating of 0.651 for SEMs versus 0.602 for conventional blocks. Additionally, the study showed that SEMs had a notable impact on reducing construction costs, with a 4.8% cost difference in favor of SEMs. Based on these results, it is recommended that construction managers should consider increasing the use of stabilized earth materials. This shift could not only lead to significant cost reductions but also improve the overall quality of construction, making it a more sustainable and viable option for Uganda’s building industry.
Quantification of Earth Material for Sustainable Road Works in Southeast Nigeria Nwamgbowo, Paschal; Nnadi , Ezekiel; Eze, Val Hyginus Udoka; Kibwami, Nathan
Journal of Engineering, Technology, and Applied Science (JETAS) Vol 5 No 3: December 2023
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.jetas-0503.597

Abstract

This paper examines the use of earth materials in sustainable road construction in South East, Nigeria. The study aims to determine factors associated with the use of earth materials, identify limiting factors, and examine strategies to improve their use. The study population comprised 60 engineers and craftsmen using local materials. The results show limitations in the use of earth materials in sustainable road works. The study recommends contracting firms to develop better storage facilities for earth materials to prevent damage and wastage. It also suggests incorporating earth materials into construction education curriculums to sensitize students to their potential benefits. The government should adopt a policy of adapting earth materials that require minimal capital and foreign exchange and utilizing available raw materials and skills in small-scale operations. The study's findings highlight the importance of sustainable road construction in Nigeria's socio-economic growth.
Automated Power Source Selection System for Uninterrupted Supply: Integration of Main Power, Solar Energy, and Generator Power Ukagwu, Kelechi John; Kapalata, Prosper; Eze, Val Hyginus Udoka
Journal of Engineering, Technology, and Applied Science (JETAS) Vol 6 No 1: April 2024
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.jetas-0601.632

Abstract

A consistent power supply is indispensable across various sectors, spanning from households to critical institutions like research facilities, hospitals, and financial institutions. This study endeavors to ensure uninterrupted power provision to a load through an automated selection process among three primary power sources: main power, solar energy, and generator power, with main power being the primary preference. Implemented using an 8051 microcontroller, the system is linked to three switches representing each power source for simulation purposes. Upon detection of a switch release or deactivation, signifying the absence of that particular power source, the microcontroller promptly deactivates the corresponding relay driver. This relay driver then switches the relevant relay, facilitating seamless power continuity to the load if any switch is activated. A lamp or bulb serves as a demonstrative load powered by the primary source. In the event of a power outage, the system seamlessly transitions to the next available source, such as solar energy, and if required, to generator power. An LCD is employed to indicate the currently active power source, ensuring operational transparency and facilitating swift troubleshooting when necessary.
Voltage Optimization on Low Voltage Distribution Transformer Zones Using Batteries in Uganda Iddi, Edema Simon; Umaru, Kalyankolo; Eze, Val Hyginus Udoka; Asikuru, Salama; Musa, Nassaga; Ochima, Noah
Journal of Engineering, Technology, and Applied Science (JETAS) Vol 6 No 1: April 2024
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.jetas-0601.639

Abstract

In the context of Uganda's rapidly growing energy demands and the need for sustainable solutions, this study explores the implementation of voltage optimization techniques in Low Voltage (LV) distribution transformer zones. The research focuses on the innovative integration of batteries to optimize voltage levels, thereby enhancing the efficiency and reliability of the electrical distribution system. By analyzing real-time data from various LV transformer zones in Uganda, this study investigates the impact of voltage fluctuations on the overall power distribution network. The research methodology involves the design and deployment of battery energy storage systems (BESS) strategically placed within LV distribution transformer zones. These BESS units are utilized to store excess energy during periods of low demand and release it during peak hours, ensuring consistent voltage levels and minimizing losses in the distribution network. The study evaluates the effectiveness of this approach through extensive simulations and on-site experiments, considering factors such as battery capacity, charging/discharging rates, and load variations. A comprehensive cost-benefit analysis is conducted to evaluate the potential financial savings and environmental impact associated with this sustainable energy solution. The findings of this research indicate significant improvements in voltage regulation, reduced system losses, and enhanced reliability in LV distribution transformer zones. Additionally, the study demonstrates the feasibility of integrating batteries into the existing infrastructure, thereby contributing to the optimization of the energy distribution system in Uganda. The outcomes of this research provide valuable insights for policymakers, utility companies, and researchers, emphasizing the importance of embracing innovative technologies to address the energy challenges faced by developing nations like Uganda.
Modeling and Implementation of a Hybrid Solar-Wind Renewable Energy System for Constant Power Supply Mubeezi, Conceptar; Umaru, Kalyankolo; Eze, Val Hyginus Udoka; Jim, Migisha; Asikuru, Salama; Musa, Nassaga; Ochima, Noah; Okafor, Wisdom
Journal of Engineering, Technology, and Applied Science (JETAS) Vol 6 No 2: August 2024
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.jetas-0602.655

Abstract

In recent years, Uganda has significantly increased the use of renewable energy sources, particularly solar and wind power. These energy sources are especially crucial in rural and remote areas where connecting to the national grid is challenging. Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have proven to be cost-effective alternatives to traditional energy sources, which often require substantial investments in transmission and distribution networks. This study focuses on designing and implementing a hybrid renewable energy system that integrates both solar and wind power. The research successfully established a reliable and continuous power supply for the community through the combination of wind and solar energy. The hybrid power generation system operates by simultaneously monitoring solar and wind energy using an ACS712 current and voltage sensor. Controlled by a microcontroller, the system employs dual-channel relay switches to activate the power source with sufficient energy to charge the battery. The programming for this system was conducted using C++ and Arduino software. This study highlights the vast potential within the field of sustainable energy. With rapid and economical electricity production, this hybrid system paves the way toward a greener future, where our energy needs can be met in an environmentally friendly manner.