Salsabila, Fidela Aurellia
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Temperature-influenced Bulk Emulsion (BE) Demulsification Method as a PIBSA-MEA Emulsifier Durability Test in Blasting Environments under 100 °C Gunaryo; Budiman, Anggito; Widyawati, Ratihlia Dhea; Salsabila, Fidela Aurellia; Gibran, Syahdan Al; Maharani, Anggaria
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., June 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v3i1.44

Abstract

This research attempts to provide a better method, examine more effective temperatures for testing emulsifiers, and determine the demulsification limit that indicates emulsifier durability. This experiment was conducted by varying the temperature (40, 60, 80, and 100 °C) for heating the product with a test time of 1, 2, 4, and 6 h, then detected using formaldehyde titration to determine the highest level of demulsification of ammonium nitrate (AN) salt at each temperature in the product. The results showed that 100 °C was the most effective and representative temperature for testing the durability of the emulsifier with the highest level of demulsification from the other temperatures. This was indicated by the weight of AN salt that came out of the emulsion reaching 2.05 g from 20 g of emulsion or about 10.25% of the total weight of the product within 6 h. Emulsifiers with AN levels below 2.05 g (10.25%) were considered to pass the test and could be used for further production or analysis. This new test method was expected that bulk emulsion manufacturers would be faster in eliminating PIBSA-base (Polyisobutylene succinic anhydride-base) emulsifier products widely used by emulsifier manufacturers in manufacturing BE. This was due to it only focusing on the ability of emulsifiers to hold the product in high-temperature exposure so that it remained unified and not demulsified.
Reflection Loss Improvement by Cerium Addition in Chitosan-Hydroxyapatite Film as Stealth Drone Candidate Putri, Riyanti; Prasojo, Agus Eko; Lazuardy, Ardyan; Anitasari, Reza; Salsabila, Fidela Aurellia; Sasongko, Nugroho Adi; Apriliyanto, Yusuf Bramastya; Hasibuan, Anggi Khairina Hanum; Ananda, Dea Dwi
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., June 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v4i1.53

Abstract

Radar is a detection and tracking technology commonly applied to monitor environmental conditions. Its ever-growing capabilities pose a serious challenge to military operations because they increase the risk of being detected by the enemy. On the other hand, unmanned aircraft (drones) are increasingly widespread in gathering information. However, the effectiveness of this technology can be reduced due to exposure to radar waves that allow detection. Therefore, developing coating materials that can absorb radar waves is an urgent need to increase the effectiveness of military equipment. The composites developed were derived from chitosan obtained from crustacean waste, hydroxyapatite from eggshell waste, and the rare earth metal cerium obtained from Lapindo Mud. Composites containing cerium metal (Ce) have higher radar signal absorption capabilities than samples without Ce, as evidenced by VNA measurements showing increased absorbance in the 100 MHz - 8.5 GHz frequency range. SEM tests indicate that cerium particles increase the density and homogeneity of the pore structure, with a size range of 17–24 µm. FTIR characterization revealed that Ce was physically bound to the chitosan-HAp composite. Mechanically, the composite with Ce had a maximum tensile stress of 9.512 MPa and a strain of 9.512%, while without the addition of Ce, a stress of 9.529 MPa and a strain of 25.512% was obtained. These findings indicate that integrating rare earth metals in chitosan-HAp composites can improve the material's capability to absorb radar waves, thus having broad prospects for applications in defence technology.