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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering JPM (Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat) KOMPUTIKA - Jurnal Sistem Komputer Journal Social Science And Technology For Community Service Jurnal Pepadun Laporan Upaya Nyata Inovasi Ilmu Komputer (LUNIK) Jurnal Ilmu Siber dan Teknologi Digital
Ilman, Igit Sabda
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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Journal : Jurnal Pepadun

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Assessing Detection and Classification Performance for Vehicle License Plate Colors Using YOLOv5, YOLOv7, YOLOv8, and YOLOv9 Sholehurrohman, Ridho; Muhaqiqin, Muhaqiqin; Ilman, Igit Sabda; Habibi , Reza
Jurnal Pepadun Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/pepadun.v7i1.349

Abstract

This study assesses the detection and classification performance of YOLOv5, YOLOv7, YOLOv8, and YOLOv9 for vehicle license plate colors in Indonesia, supporting the electronic ticketing system (e-tilang). The dataset consisted of 1,214 images from video footage captured in Bandar Lampung, comprising five color categories: black, white, yellow, red, and non-plate. The models were trained using transfer learning with COCO pre-trained weights, evaluated using precision, recall, F1-score, mAP50, and mAP50-95, and tested under real-world moderate and crowded traffic conditions. The results show that YOLOv9 consistently outperformed all other models, achieving the highest precision (97.20%), recall (96.50%), F1-score (96.85%), mAP50 (98.10%), and mAP50-95 (80.50%), with the fastest inference time of 6.8 ms per image (approximately 147 FPS). YOLOv8 ranked second, followed by YOLOv7 and YOLOv5. Across all models, the non-plate category remained the most challenging, while white and yellow plates were occasionally misclassified under low-light conditions. In conclusion, YOLOv9 is recommended for deployment in Indonesia's e-tilang system due to its best balance of accuracy and speed. Future work should expand the dataset to more diverse geographical locations, evaluate model performance under extreme weather conditions, and deploy the model on edge devices to validate real-world performance.
Co-Authors Afdhaludin, Muhammad Agung Pambudi Alqosam, Fatih Izzudien Anastasia, Maryam Aisyah Ardi, Nisful Arika Putri, Anggun Maulida Arinda Kusuma Dewi Aristoteles, Aristoteles Auliayi, Afika Badiwibowo, Sandi Citra, Erin Eka Dinata, Rafal Esa Dwi Nirwana, Imas Happy Habibi , Reza Habibi, Mochammad Reza Helvi Yanfika Inayah, Anastiar Lumbanraja, Favorisen R Muhaqiqin Muhaqiqin, Muhaqiqin Nurhalifah, Sinta Pangaribuan, Faska Ria Parabi, M. Iqbal Putra, Chandra Prasetya Rahmawat, Amalia Nurul Rizki Ramadhan Sari, Mela Liswida Sholehurrohman , Ridho Sholehurrohman, Ridho Sinurat, Edward Febryan Taufik, Rahman Taufiq, Rahman