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Legal Problems in Proving the Crime of Claiming Supernatural Powers under Article 252 of the Indonesian Criminal Code Tumbur Tumbur; Rahmat Ramadhani
Abdurrauf Law and Sharia Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Abdurrauf Law and Sharia
Publisher : Yayasan Abdurrauf Cendekia Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70742/arlash.v3i2.1009

Abstract

The enactment of Article 252 of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Indonesian Criminal Code introduces a unique criminal offence relating to claims of supernatural powers, raising significant legal issues concerning its enforcement within Indonesia's criminal justice system. This study examines the legal construction of Article 252 and analyzes the evidentiary framework required to establish criminal liability for offences involving supernatural claims. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and doctrinal approaches. Primary legal materials include the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code, Law Number 8 of 1981 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code, and related legislation, while secondary legal materials comprise legal doctrines, scholarly books, and peer-reviewed journal articles. The collected materials were analyzed through grammatical, systematic, and teleological interpretation using deductive legal reasoning. The findings indicate that Article 252 constitutes a formal offence, whereby criminal liability is established by proving the prohibited conduct rather than the actual existence or effectiveness of supernatural powers. Accordingly, the object of proof should focus on the defendant's conduct, intent, and legally admissible evidence instead of metaphysical claims. This study also identifies a normative gap resulting from the absence of explicit evidentiary standards under Article 252. Its novelty lies in proposing a doctrinal evidentiary model that emphasizes objectively verifiable conduct, thereby strengthening the compatibility of Article 252 with the principles of legality, legal certainty, due process of law, and modern criminal evidence. [Pemberlakuan Pasal 252 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang KUHP Indonesia memperkenalkan tindak pidana unik yang berkaitan dengan klaim kekuatan supranatural, sehingga menimbulkan isu hukum yang signifikan terkait penegakannya dalam sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia. Studi ini meneliti konstruksi hukum Pasal 252 dan menganalisis kerangka pembuktian yang diperlukan untuk menetapkan tanggung jawab pidana atas tindak pidana yang melibatkan klaim kekuatan supranatural. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan hukum, konseptual, dan doktrinal. Materi hukum primer meliputi Konstitusi 1945, Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang KUHP, Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 tentang KUHP, dan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait, sedangkan materi hukum sekunder terdiri dari doktrin hukum, buku-buku ilmiah, dan artikel jurnal ilmiah. Materi yang dikumpulkan dianalisis melalui interpretasi gramatikal, sistematis, dan teleologis menggunakan penalaran hukum deduktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 252 merupakan tindak pidana formal, di mana tanggung jawab pidana ditetapkan dengan membuktikan perbuatan yang dilarang, bukan keberadaan atau keefektifan kekuatan supranatural yang sebenarnya. Oleh karena itu, objek pembuktian harus berfokus pada perilaku, niat, dan bukti yang sah secara hukum dari terdakwa, bukan pada klaim metafisik. Studi ini juga mengidentifikasi kesenjangan normatif yang timbul dari tidak adanya standar pembuktian eksplisit berdasarkan Pasal 252. Kebaruannya terletak pada pengusulan model pembuktian doktrinal yang menekankan perilaku yang dapat diverifikasi secara objektif, sehingga memperkuat kesesuaian Pasal 252 dengan prinsip-prinsip legalitas, kepastian hukum, proses hukum yang adil, dan bukti pidana modern.]
LEGAL RESPONSE AGAINST FORGERY OF AUTHENTIC DEEDS USED AS THE BASIS FOR LAND REGISTRATION Indah Permata Sari Br Sembiring; Rahmat Ramadhani
Inspiring Law Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2025): Juli-Desember
Publisher : Inspiring Law Journal

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Abstract

Land holds a crucial position in the lives of Indonesians due to its high economic, social, and cultural value. To ensure legal certainty and protection of land ownership, the state implements a land registration system as stipulated in Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles. In practice, the transfer of land rights, particularly through sale and purchase, must be evidenced by an authentic deed drawn up by a Land Deed Official (PPAT) and used as the basis for issuing a land title certificate. However, legal issues often arise in the form of forgery of authentic deeds used as the basis for land registration, resulting in the issuance of legally flawed land title certificates and causing harm to other parties. This study aims to analyze the legal standing of authentic deeds in the Indonesian land registration system, examine the evidentiary strength and forms of legal protection for parties harmed by the issuance of land title certificates based on forged sale and purchase deeds, and outline the legal remedies available to the aggrieved parties. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach, supported by primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The research results show that authentic deeds have perfect evidentiary force as long as they are made in accordance with applicable legal provisions. However, if the deed is proven to be forged, it loses its evidentiary force and the land title certificate issued based on it can be revoked. Aggrieved parties can pursue legal remedies through civil, criminal, and land administration channels as a form of legal protection. Therefore, strengthening the principle of prudence and supervision of authorized officials is necessary to prevent deed forgery and ensure legal certainty in land registration.
Occupation legal efforts by the community over land rights dispute of PT. Nusantara Plantation IV Regional II North Sumatra Najwa Aisyah Fitri; Rahmat Ramadhani
Inspiring Law Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2026): Juli-Desember
Publisher : Inspiring Law Journal

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Abstract

Right to Use Business (HGU) is a land right granted by the state to a legal entity to cultivate state land within a certain period of time. In practice, the physical control of plantation land by the community (occupation) often causes legal conflicts, especially over land that is still burdened by HGU, as happened to PT. Nusantara Plantation IV Region II North Sumatra. This study aims to analyze the legal position of HGU holders, examine legal arrangements regarding plantation land occupation by the community, and identify legal remedies that can be taken in resolving these conflicts. This study uses an empirical legal method with a sociological juridical approach and is descriptive analytical. Data was obtained through literature studies and field research, including interviews with related parties, then analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study show that PT. The Nusantara IV Regional II North Sumatra Plantation has a legal status as an HGU holder as long as the right is still valid and used according to its designation. Occupation of plantation land without a valid basis of rights is an unlawful act that is contrary to agrarian laws and regulations. Legal remedies that can be carried out include non-litigation settlements through mediation and coordination with the government and the National Land Agency, as well as litigation settlement through the courts to obtain certainty and legal protection.