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IMPROVING JAPANESE SPEAKING SKILLS DURING PROSPECTIVE INTERNS: PICTURE AND PICTURE LEARNING MODEL Hasibuan, Adriana; Pawiro, Muhammad Ali
Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching Vol 9, No 1: June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara (UISU)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/ll.v9i1.10626

This study analyzes the speaking ability in Japanese by nurses who are engaged in prospective interns provided for them who will work in Japan through the EPA (Economic Partnership Agreement) program. The study involves 49 participants following the program and uses quantitative method as proposed by Brown Rodgers (2002). Being conducted with a training time of 15 hours for five days through classroom action, this study starts with planning, implementation, observation, and evaluation. Data collection methods include interviews, observations, pre-tests and post-tests. Written tests apply to see their ability to master Japanese grammar, and oral tests to measure Japanese speaking ability. The Picture and Picture learning model is aimed at improving the nurses’ mastery of Japanese vocabulary. To obtain such mastery the questions are formulated as the followings: how can an action plan improve participants’ speaking skills and what pedagogical implications are obtained by them? The results show that the action plan improves the participants’ speaking ability in Japanese. The pre-test results show that 15 of them (31%) are able to speak with some stuttering with an average score of 64.38 and the post-test results indicate an increase to 39 participants (79.6%) with an average score of 77.1. It is concluded that participants can construct ideas and thoughts orally; thus, the effective vocabulary of pictures and their interests implicate their pedagogical development to a better condition, so they are claimed to be ready to work in Japan.

Address Terms and Addresser-Addressee Relations in Javanese Morning Greetings Pawiro, Muhammad Ali; Risnawaty, Risnawaty; Hasibuan, Annim; Suhery, Dedy; Raza, Mohd Hamid
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v13i4.16882

Greetings are always discussed in terms of sociolinguistics, semantics, pragmatics, and communication separately; however, this paper attempts to examine holistic perspectives. The research is especially aimed at discussing Javanese morning greetings which remain important and crucial in the modern era and technology that any Javanese speakers do not switch to using Indonesian or other international languages in communication. This research is qualitative in which data were retrieved from four online websites and four contributors. The population was 130 written utterances, and of that amount, 39 ones were taken as samples using purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out from November 2 to 10, 2022 involving online observation and data were analyzed descriptively. The research shows that, referring to social interactions, morning greetings keep Javanese away from individualism or individualist characteristics and the addressers assume the addressees understand Javanese. Morning greetings have high speech level or high Javanese (kromo inggil) and are not influenced by weather and routine. Only harmony and respect play a role since greetings are written in high speech level. All addressers also assume they feel “at homes” by the use of native language. Kinship titles and names are unavailable or Ф and do not relate to region difference, and sex and race variation. About mode of communication, all greetings use visual channel and involve anonymous addressers and addressees. The addressees’ reception cannot be measured and the greetings fall under linguistic, but not interactional, routines and consist of ‘recounting of one’s mission’ (without apology, gratitude, and thanksgiving as well as non-verbal behavior). It is concluded morning greetings symbolize the honor and do not always specify words concerning the attributes of participants, except the occupation and socioeconomic status, and are not preceded by God’s blessing or shouts.

CATALYSTS FOR SELF-RELIANCE IN WHERE THE CRAWDADS SING BY DELIA OWENS Desyara, R.A Trivani; Manugeren, M.; Pawiro, Muhammad Ali; Siwi, Purwanto
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 6, No 2: November 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v6i2.9609

This research aims to provide an in-depth analysis of self-reliance and its major causes, focusing on the concept proposed by Emerson and other related theories and concepts. The study employs a sociology of literature approach, which is well-suited to examine the social environment of the characters within the literary work. Additionally, the behaviorism perspective is utilized to analyze the behavioral phenomena that arise in relation to self-reliance. According to Savatagi, the causes of self-reliance include social, economic, political, and human agency factors, which set the boundaries for this analysis. Delia Owens' novel Where the Crawdads Sing serves as the primary source for this qualitative descriptive study, with additional books and related publications as secondary sources. The findings indicate that Kya's self-reliance is primarily driven by unsupportive social conditions, which prevent her from becoming dependent on others. Instead, these conditions foster a perception of self-reliance that helps Kya develop into a strong, independent individual who does not rely on external help.

EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS IN DANIELLE STEEL'S A PERFECT LIFE Al Mirrah, Mailisa; Pawiro, Muhammad Ali; Ezir, Ely
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 6, No 2: November 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v6i2.9945

This study explores the use of expressive speech acts in Danielle Steel’s novel A Perfect Life, aiming to uncover how these acts contribute to character development and narrative progression. The primary objective is to analyze the prevalence and functions of expressive speech acts—such as expressions of pleasure, pain, joy, sorrow, like, dislike, and apology—within the text. The theoretical framework is grounded in speech act theory, particularly focusing on expressive speech acts as defined by J. L. Austin and further developed by John Searle. This research employs a qualitative approach to dissect and categorize the expressive language used by the novel’s main characters. The analysis reveals a notable dominance of dislike and apology among the expressive speech acts, with a lesser focus on pain, joy, and pleasure. Dislike emerges as the most frequently utilized act, reflecting significant emotional and narrative weight in the characters' interactions. The study's findings suggest that expressive speech acts are crucial in conveying emotional depth and relational dynamics within the novel. The implications of this research highlight the role of expressive speech acts in enhancing narrative engagement and character development. Understanding these dynamics offers valuable insights for literary analysis and can inform future studies on character expression in fiction. The study anticipates that further research could explore the comparative application of expressive speech acts across different genres and authors, expanding the understanding of emotional expression in literature.

INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT IN ANDREA HIRATA’S AYAH Desiyanti, Dwi; Pawiro, Muhammad Ali; Ezir, Ely
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 6, No 1: May 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v6i1.9071

This research investigates the intellectual development of Sabari, the protagonist in Andrea Hirata's novel, Ayah, applying the theoretical framework proposed by Zubaedi (2013). Zubaedi outlines that character formation, as per the Ministry of National Education's grand design (2010), is a complex interplay of psychological and socio-cultural factors, encompassing cognitive, affective, conative, and psychomotor potentials. Within this framework, intellectual development is characterized by core traits such as intelligence, creativity, fondness for reading, and curiosity. Drawing upon theories of cognitive development and literature on intelligence, creativity, reading habits, and curiosity, the study aims to deepen understanding of Sabari's growth. Employing qualitative analysis, Sabari's actions and interactions within the narrative are examined to identify themes related to intelligence, creativity, fondness for reading, and curiosity. The analysis reveals Sabari's multifaceted intelligence, demonstrated through adept problem-solving, linguistic proficiency, emotional intelligence, and social awareness. Sabari's creativity is showcased in his resourceful problem-solving and innovative communication methods, such as using a turtle as a messenger. Additionally, Sabari's fondness for reading and curiosity drive his intellectual exploration and engagement with the world. Through thematic exploration, the research sheds light on the interconnectedness of intelligence, creativity, reading habits, and curiosity in shaping human cognition and behavior, with implications for education, psychology, and literature studies.

BIPOLAR DISORDER EPISODES IN THE PROTAGONIST OF JENNIFER NIVEN’S ALL THE BRIGHT PLACES Ikbal, Muhammar; Pawiro, Muhammad Ali
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 6, No 2: November 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v6i2.10098

This study investigates the depiction of bipolar disorder in Jennifer Niven’s All the Bright Places, focusing on its impact on the protagonist, Theodore Finch. Using a psychological framework, the research draws on Lesmana’s theory of bipolar disorder to analyze the manic and depressive episodes Finch experiences throughout the novel. The narrative vividly portrays Finch’s drastic mood swings, alternating between periods of elevated euphoria and profound depression. This analysis examines how these emotional extremes shape Finch's interactions with others, influence his relationships, and contribute to his suicidal thoughts. Through a deep dive into Finch’s character, the study emphasizes the challenges of living with bipolar disorder, illustrating how the disorder affects both personal identity and social dynamics. The findings reveal that Finch's experiences align with the characteristic patterns of manic and depressive episodes, as outlined in Lesmana’s theory. Ultimately, the research highlights the importance of addressing mental health issues in literature, enriching the conversation on psychological themes and fostering greater empathy for those affected by such conditions.

INHERITED SHAME AND IDENTITY FRAGMENTATION IN KENZABURŌ ŌE’S THE SILENT CRY: A FREUDIAN PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH Zainasti, Zaimilatun Nuri; Pawiro, Muhammad Ali; Ezir, Ely
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 7, No 2: November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v7i2.11779

This article examines the psychological disintegration of Takashi, the central character in Kenzaburō Ōe’s The Silent Cry, through the lens of Freudian psychoanalysis. Drawing on Sigmund Freud’s structural theory of the psyche—particularly the dynamics of the id, ego, and superego—this study explores how identity crisis, generational trauma, and defense mechanisms shape Takashi’s internal conflict and destructive behavior. The analysis reveals that Takashi’s revolutionary actions are not driven by coherent political ideology, but by inherited shame, repressed grief, and the failure of ego mediation. His descent into violence and mania is interpreted as a symbolic enactment of psychological collapse, wherein inherited guilt and unresolved trauma override rationality and self-regulation. The superego, as portrayed in the novel, functions not only as a moral compass but as a punitive legacy passed through family and cultural memory. This study also highlights the interplay of defense mechanisms—such as projection, rationalization, denial, and sublimation—that ultimately fail to contain his psychic distress. By interpreting The Silent Cry as a narrative of personal and national trauma, this paper demonstrates how literature can serve as a site for exploring deep psychological wounds, especially those stemming from unspoken histories and familial burden.

PSYCHOLOGICAL CONFLICTS BETWEEN KEY CHARACTERS IN GILLIAN FLYNN’S GONE GIRL Amalia, Suci; Barus, Efendi; Pawiro, Muhammad Ali
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 7, No 2: November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v7i2.12258

Gone Girl, a novel by Gillian Flynn, explores the intense psychological and emotional conflict between a married couple, Amy and Nick Dunne. Amy desires love and loyalty but is devastated by Nick’s betrayal. Meanwhile, Nick, who is obsessed with emulating his father, fails to express love to Amy and instead engages in an affair, leading to suspicion when Amy suddenly disappears. Amy’s uncontrollable ego drives her to fake her own death and frame Nick for murder as a form of social punishment. The story unfolds through public suspicion, legal investigation, and emotional turmoil. This study applies Cascio’s theory of conflict to examine the types and dynamics of internal and external conflicts experienced by the main characters. The study also aims to identify the negative impacts resulting from these conflicts. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the research analyzes how internal conflict (man versus self) and external conflict (man versus man, society, and fate) shape the narrative. Amy’s psychological need for validation and her manipulative actions lead her to deep guilt and emotional suffering. Nick, on the other hand, experiences social rejection, emotional stress, and job loss after being falsely accused. These conflicts result in significant behavioral changes and deteriorating mental, physical, and social well-being. The novel reveals how unresolved personal and relational conflicts can escalate into destructive outcomes.

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