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All Journal Melintas An International Journal of Philosophy and Religion Jurnal Dekonstruksi Sapientia Humana : Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Mamangan Social Science Journal Jurnal Pembumian Pancasila : Mewujudkan TRISAKTI sebagai Pedoman Amanat Penderitaan Rakyat SUBAKTYA, Unpar Community Service Journal
Simanjuntak, Mardohar Batu Bornok
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Religion Arts Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Mengangkat Pewacanaan Nasionalisme, Pancasila, dan Seni Simanjuntak, Mardohar Batu Bornok; Bolo, Andreas Doweng; Sirait, Asnita
SUBAKTYA: UNPAR COMMUNITY SERVICE JOURNAL Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): (JULI 2024) SUBAKTYA: UNPAR Community Service Journal
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/sucsj.v1i1.7928.9-19

Abstract

Pengabdian yang menyasar para seniman muda ini dimaksudkan untuk memperkuat landasan ideologis mereka dengan cara menanamkan Pancasila sebagai sebuah ideologi yang kokoh dalam bernegara. Penanaman ideologi ini dilakukan dengan tiga tema yang semuanya membentuk satu kesatuan: bagaimana prinsip Pancasila berperan dalam mengobati luka sejarah, bagaimana menerapkan gagasan besar Pancasila dalam kehidupan sehari-hari lewat aktivitas yang berdampak pada masyarakat luas, dan terakhir bagaimana Pancasila dapat kita pergunakan untuk menafsirkan ulang makna kepahlawanan. Ketiga tema tersebut diberikan lewat seminar daring (webinar) yang dilakukan dengan cara mengundang ketua-ketua komunitas seniman muda atau perwakilannya. Kegiatan yang berlangsung dari bulan September hingga November 2020 ini melibatkan lima orang pakar, tiga orang dari Fakultas Seni Rupa dan Desain Institut Teknologi Bandung (FSRD-ITB), satu orang dari galeri seni WOT BATU, dan satu orang dari Institut Seni Indonesia Padangpanjang (ISI Padangpanjang). Dari pengabdian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa para seniman yang aktif di dunia seni di Indonesia memiliki kepedulian yang mendalam tentang urgensi Pancasila dalam kaitannya dengan rasa nasionalisme bangsa ini. Dengan kata lain, integrasi Pancasila bukan hanya sebuah kewajaran, melainkan sebuah keharusan.
The Central Role of In-Formation in the Age of Artificial Intelligence and its Significance to Legal Personhood Simanjuntak, Mardohar Batu Bornok; P Moeliono, Tristam
MELINTAS An International Journal of Philosophy and Religion (MIJPR) Vol. 40 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Philosophy, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/vsg40p57

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) can be understood from an epistemological standpoint, specifically in relation to the concept of legal personhood. It has evolved into a stronger version with broader capabilities, surpassing its predecessors, particularly Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI). This rapid advancement has significant consequences, not to mention its increasing problem-solving ability–an essential characteristic of intelligence. To determine its legal status, AI must meet specific criteria. Generative AI, such as large language models (LLMs), serves as a warning sign, as Yuval Noah Harari argues, radically altering how humans cooperate. Harari maintains that social constructs have historically relied on human-to-document intersubjective interaction, mediated by bureaucracies. The latest developments, however, shift this relationship toward document-to-document interaction, transforming the nature of information. Instead of being merely a collection of data (‘inform-ation’), information now serves as the fundamental backbone of social institutions (‘in-formation’). From a periscopic perspective, as discussed by the authors, the discrepancy between the real and the metaversal expands AI’s role in everyday human activities. The authors propose a special legal personhood status for AI, considering its emerging analytic a priori capabilities. However, while AI remains in the later stages of its development, this possibility introduces mitigated risks that require further analyses.
Memeriksa Inkonsistensi Estetika Dampak Immanuel Kant versus Gagasan Proto-Naturalisme Non-Deterministik David Hume dalam Etika Kantian Simanjuntak, Mardohar Batu Bornok
Dekonstruksi Vol. 10 No. 02 (2024): Jurnal Dekonstruksi Volume 10.2
Publisher : Gerakan Indonesia Kita

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54154/dekonstruksi.v10i02.228

Abstract

Teori estetika yang digagas Immanuel Kant mempergunakan pendekatan dampak, sebaliknya etika Kantian menempuh pendekatan proses. Teks kajian estetik Kantian diterbitkan oleh Kant setelah dua teks yang pertama, termasuk di dalamnya argumentasi Kant tentang ontologi moral. Inkonsistensi ini dicoba untuk dibedah dari perspektif estetika analitis, dan terutama kajian dari pemeriksaan teks yang dilakukan oleh Sally Sedgwick dan Dabney Townsend. Dari penelusuran yang dilakukan, ketidakkonsistenan Kant terjadi karena ada dua ragam relasi, yaitu relasi kausal spasio-temporal dan relasi non-kausal non-spasio-temporal. Pelacakan lebih lanjut menunjukkan bahwa gagasan Kant tentang non-kausal non-spasio-temporalitas dikembangkan dari karakter aksidental dalam persepsi-rasawi yang digagas oleh David Hume. Penelitian ini sampai pada kesimpulan bahwa pengembangan gagasan yang dilakukan Kant didasarkan pada bangun argumentasi Hume yang memiliki karakteristik Proto-Naturalisme non-Deterministik.
Telisik Seruak Fotografis dalam Karya Eksperimental Krishnamurti Suparka Bolo, Andreas Doweng; Simanjuntak, Mardohar Batu Bornok
Dekonstruksi Vol. 10 No. 03 (2024): Jurnal Dekonstruksi Volume 10.3
Publisher : Gerakan Indonesia Kita

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54154/dekonstruksi.v10i03.253

Abstract

Sejak proses fotografi analog ditemukan pada tahun 1822 oleh Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, persoalan ontologis dan epistemologis medium tersebut tidak pernah tuntas. Berbagai tawaran status pun dilekatkan pada fotografi dengan tujuan mendapatkan satu fondasi teoretik kokoh yang dapat menjawab pertanyaan mendasar seperti “apa itu fotografi” dan “bagaimana fotografi bekerja”. Problematika ini menjadi semakin kompleks saat fotografi digital dan kecerdasan buatan muncul. Konstruksi teori yang rapuh membuat jawaban definitif tentang disposisi fotografi menjadi semakin sulit untuk diraih. Tulisan ini mencoba menawarkan sebuah bangun pewacanaan yang menggamit sofistikasi persoalan semacam ini dengan menggunakan pendekatan seruak (emergence) sebagai titik awal. Upaya mengurai benang kusut diskursus fotografi ini kemudian dibenturkan dengan sebuah upaya eksperimental dari Krishnamurti Suparka dalam pameran dengan pendekatan proses dari bulan Maret hingga April 2024 di Galeri Orbital, Bandung. Dari telisik yang dipaparkan di makalah ini ditunjukkan bahwa seruak fotografis (terutama dari pendekatan Kant-Hawking) dalam karya Suparka berada dalam tahap formatif, yang sudah memberi ruang pada, tetapi masih menyisakan catatan panjang tentang kemenyeruakan sebuah karya.
Memaknai Ulang Korporealitas dan Ruang Pengecualian dari Pameran Sejengkal Kurang Sedepa Nandang Gumelar Wahyudi Simanjuntak, Mardohar Batu Bornok
Dekonstruksi Vol. 11 No. 01 (2025): Jurnal Dekonstruksi Volume 11.1
Publisher : Gerakan Indonesia Kita

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54154/dekonstruksi.v11i01.291

Abstract

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memaknai ulang konsep korporealitas dan spasialitas vakum yang dihadirkan dalam pameran Sejengkal Kurang Sedepa karya Nandang Gumelar Wahyudi, yang dikenal dengan nama Nandanggawe. Pameran ini menghadirkan narasi kompleks yang memadukan elemen-elemen simbolik, mistik, serta kritik sosial yang tertuang dalam karya seni rupa dua dan tiga dimensi. Masalah utama yang diidentifikasi dalam tulisan ini adalah bagaimana Nandanggawe mendialogkan kuasa ruang dan tubuh politisnya. Metode analisis yang dipergunakan adalah intertekstualitas tanggapan-tanggapan karya-karya Nandanggawe yang ditampilkan dalam pameran, serta pendekatan teoretis Agamben tentang ruang pengecualian. Pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa Nandanggawe mampu menghadirkan ruang dialog yang menginterjeksi sublimasi kekuasaan, saat tubuh dan ruang menjadi medium yang berperan sebagai instrumen aktivisme subtil. Simbol-simbol tribal dan artefak hibrida dipergunakan Nandanggawe untuk menggarisbawahi interaksi kompleks tersebut. Dengan dialog paratekstual yang disuguhkannya, Nandanggawe mengundang pengamat untuk memikirkan kembali batas-batas samar dimensi politis dan estetis.
The Impact of Philosophy on Religious Education for High School Students Bolo, Andreas Doweng; Simanjuntak, Mardohar Batu Bornok; Mahatma, Masmuni
MELINTAS An International Journal of Philosophy and Religion (MIJPR) Vol. 38 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Philosophy, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/mel.v38i3.7405

Abstract

This article is a result of a research conducted to examine the interrelation between religion and philosophy and to measure how such interaction is embodied in religious subjects taught in middle-high schools in Indonesia. This is considered important because in Indonesian national education, the religious dimension is regarded fundamental and therefore must be emphasised. The classes are divided based on the students’ religion. In order to prevent such division becomes religious segregation that could lead to practices of intolerance, philosophy is proposed as a rational solution to bridge the discrepancy. This is considered imperative so that in school religion is not understood as an exclusive set of doctrines, but as a subject in education process that brings inclusive and pluralistic attitudes. Three basic and important characteristics are analysed in this article, that is, the breadth of perspective about God, the openness towards other religions, and the willingness to embrace science in general.
Mencari Bentuk Estetika Nusantara: Problematika dan Relevansi Estetika Kantian dari Perspektif Estetika Analitis Simanjuntak, Mardohar Batu Bornok
MELINTAS An International Journal of Philosophy and Religion (MIJPR) Vol. 39 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Philosophy, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/mel.v39i1.7754

Abstract

Finding a common philosophical grounding for an Indonesian aesthetics seems to have been problematic. In another word, for a string of archipelagos consisting diverse customs and cultures partially constructed through colonial invasions dating from the 17th century, defining its existential beauty is never a simple argumentative task. The author attempts to elaborate Immanuel Kant’s ideas from his seminal work Critique of Judgment, although Kant’s central position in aesthetics studies does not imply that his disposition is free from ambiguity. The author employs analytical philosophy approaches to elaborate Kant’s ambiguous position and weakness. These are intended as preliminary step towards implementing Kant’s argument in building a fundamental Indonesian aesthetics theory with sufficient explanatory power to describe the variety of Indonesian traditional arts. Further step is to form a strong theoretical foundation for the development of artistic practices in the modern Indonesia. This article concludes that Kant’s implied position of the sublime could be a viable alternative in resolving this conundrum.
Dialektika Ruang dan Identitas dalam Heterotopia Foucault dan Profilisitas Moeller-D’Ambrosio Kairupan, Melvyn Zaafir; Simanjuntak, Mardohar Batu Bornok
MELINTAS An International Journal of Philosophy and Religion (MIJPR) Vol. 39 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Philosophy, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/mel.v39i2.7779

Abstract

This study aims to explore the interplay between space and the construction of identity. It employs descriptive library research methodology to elucidate the elements and aspects of both space and identity. It draws upon Michel Foucault’s concept of heterotopia for the understanding of space and the theory of profile formulated by Hans-Georg Moeller and Paul J. D’Ambrosio. The analysis delves into these theories and their interrelation concerning identity formation. The authors conclude that from Foucault's perspective, space can be seen as having distinctive characteristics, tied to axio-ontological components that need to be fulfilled before entering a heterotopic space. This position is then intersected with Luhmann’s second-order observation, resulting in a dynamically linked profilic identity to a particular space. This paper finds that in Foucault’s thinking, heterotopia emphasises the impossibility of space being separated into a label. Space as a site (“cultural framework”) may still be enforced by designing it to fulfill certain functions. As a consequence, it becomes increasingly difficult for these spaces to be seen as relevant to society’s way of being today. In the light of Foucault and Moeller-D’Ambrosio, the space now needs to be seen as a form of space (espace–a referential frame) that is profilic.
The Concept of Emergence in Non-Temporal Photography: A Non-Dualistic Approach Simanjuntak, Mardohar Batu Bornok
MELINTAS An International Journal of Philosophy and Religion (MIJPR) Vol. 39 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Philosophy, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/mel.v39i3.7823

Abstract

The problem of temporality in photography has invoked a continuous debate concerning the artistic nature of this medium. Previously taken as a different way of seeing, the time signature in a photograph became debatable along with the development of digital photography. Photography’s status as the undisputed evidence of the truth is then no longer relevant. This changes the flow of discourse to a more philosophical one. However, the debate does not provide adequate defence concerning the role of photography in the digital era. The Platonic dualistic approach, especially the Cartesian one, is responsible for this regress. Immanuel Kant introduces transcendental causality to re-examine the Cartesian legacy. This Kantian approach needs to be developed further. Stephen Hawking’s cosmological model of Quantum Field Theory (QFT) working in anti-de Sitter space (ADs) offers a better explanation on this Kantian transcendentalism. The research shows that the non-temporality of photographic images is irrelevant with the development of the medium because Hawking’s approach fits the transcendental interaction proposed by Kant. This article concludes that photography is independent from temporal demands, and that the advancement of photography lies in its potential to pursue non-duality interactions.
Legal Personality of Artificial Intelligence Moeliono, Tristam P.; Simanjuntak, Mardohar Batu Bornok
MELINTAS An International Journal of Philosophy and Religion (MIJPR) Vol. 40 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Philosophy, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/mel.v40i2.8648

Abstract

This paper examines the ontology of artificial intelligence (AI) within the context of contemporary society. With the rapid progression of technology, the definition of legal subjects has become increasingly ambiguous, as the technological landscape continues to evolve. The orthodox perspective fails to provide adequate solutions to this problem. An alternative approach, as put forth by Visa A.J. Kurki’s bundle theory offers a potential pathway, yet AI’s intrinsic nature surpasses the minimum thresholds defined by Kurki’s model. The authors propose a periscopic model that explores the interaction between the material world and the virtual or augmented sphere, often referred to as the metaverse. This article contends that the current philosophical foundation of law is both outdated and insufficient, primarily due to the shift from singular to plural forms of agency. AI has transitioned from being purely instrumental or intermediary, as observed in Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), to autonomous decision-making entities, exemplified by Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Drawing on theoretical insights from Yuval Noah Harari, the paper underscores the need for a new conceptual framework to address AI’s lack of a material entity. In conclusion, the paper asserts that the recognition of AI as legal subjects is an inevitable development.
Co-Authors Andreas Doweng Bolo Kairupan, Melvyn Zaafir Loho, Ambrosius Markus Masmuni Mahatma Nugraheni, Ester Oka P Moeliono, Tristam Seva, Kristining sirait, asnita Tristam P. Moeliono