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All Journal VALENSI JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI BioWallacea Journal of Biological Research Science and Technology Indonesia Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia International Journal of Science Technology and Health Science and Technology: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat
Handayani Hamid, Fitri
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Pemanfaatan Kulit Buah Kakao sebagai Antibakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus Mashuni Mashuni; La Ode Kadidae; M. Jahiding; Muh. Aksan Dermawan; Fitri Handayani Hamid
BioWallacea : Jurnal Penelitian Biologi (Journal of Biological Research) Vol 6, No 2 (2019): BioWallacea and Biotechnological Science
Publisher : University of Halu Oleo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (84.253 KB) | DOI: 10.33772/biowallacea.v6i2.9009

Abstract

The Cocoa pod husk (CPH) is a processed cocoa fruit waste, containing lignocellulosic biomass which can be pyrolysis to produce liquid smoke. The purpose of this study was to obtain antibacterial material from liquid smoke using the CPH pyrolysis method. This research method includes: preparation by drying the CPH raw materials for 5-7 days and then chopping the CPH sample dry. Furthermore, the pyrolysis process is carried out at 385-500 °C with a heating flow rate of 6 °C/min. The liquid smoke crude obtained is filtered and distilled fractionated to produce clearer liquid smoke. Analysis of Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of liquid smoke was carried out by the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) method using gallic acid standards and Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometer instruments at maximum wavelength (λmax) 765 nm. The CPH liquid smoke antibacterial test was carried out using a dilution method with variations in liquid smoke concentrations of 5, 7, 10and 15%. The TPC of CPH liquid smoke is 1.035 g / L.The spectrogram analysis of Gas Chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS)  of CPH liquid smoke shows the presence of compounds:acetic acid, Methyl glyoxal,Pyridine, 4-methyl- pyridine,  4-[2(methylamino)ethyl]- Phenol.The results of the analysis of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CPH liquid smoke against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were obtained at a concentration of 15%.This study shows that pyrolysis extraction can be used as a technique for obtaining extracts of phenolic compounds from CPH and is promising for safe antibacterial agents.Keywords: CPH, liquid smoke, pyrolysis, Phenolic, antibacterial.Abstrak Kulit buah kakao (KBK) merupakan limbah hasil olahan buah kakao, mengandung biomassa lignoselulosa yang dapat dipirolisis menghasilkan asap cair.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan zat antibakteri dari asap cair dengan metode pirolisis KBK. Metode penelitian ini meliputi: preparasi dengan pengeringan bahan baku KBK selama 5-7 hari kemudian dilakukan pencacahan  sampel KBK kering. Selanjutnya, Proses pirolisis dilakukan pada suhu 385-500°C dengan kecepatan alir pemanasan 6°C/menit.Crude asap cair yang diperoleh difiltrasi dan didestilasi fraksinasi untuk menghasilkan asap cair yang lebih jernih. AnalisisTotal Phenolic Content (TPC) asap cair dilakukan dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) menggunakan standar asam galat dan instrumen spektrofotometer Ultraviolet-Visible pada panjang gelombang maksimum (λmaks) 765 nm. Uji antibakteri asap cair KBK dilakukan menggunakan metode dilusi dengan variasi konsentrasi asap cair yaitu 5, 7, 10dan 15%. TPC asap cair KBK sebesar 1,035 g/L.Analisis spectrogram Gas Chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) asap cair KBK menunjukkan adanya senyawa: asam asetat, metil glioksal, piridin, 4-metil-piridin, 4-[2(metilamino) etil]-fenol. Hasil analisiskonsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) asap cairKBKterhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus didapatkan pada konsentrasi 15%.Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstraksi pirolisis dapat digunakan sebagai teknik untuk memperoleh ekstrak senyawa fenolik dari CPH dan menjanjikan untuk bahan antibakteri yang aman.Kata kunci: KBK, asap cair, pirolisis, fenolik, antibakteri.
Synthesis of Antibacterial and Biodegradable Bioplastic Based on Shrimp Skin Chitosan and Durian Skin Cellulose with the Microwave Assistance Mashuni Mashuni; La Ode Ahmad; Emiliana Sandalayuk; Fitri Handayani Hamid; M Jahiding; Andi Muhammad Naufal Khaeri
Jurnal Kimia Valensi Jurnal Kimia VALENSI Volume 8, No. 1, May 2022
Publisher : Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/jkv.v8i1.23233

Abstract

This study aimed to obtain the best composition in the synthesis of antibacterial bioplastics made from chitosan from shrimp skin (SS) and cellulose from durian skin (DS). The research method began with the isolation of chitin from SS. Then it was deacetylated using a microwave (MW) at 60 °C for 15 minutes at 400 watts of power in an alkaline solution. The extraction of cellulose from DS through delignification using the MW for 20 minutes, 300 watts of power in Na2SO3 solution. Synthesis of bioplastics is made from variations in the composition of chitosan (8, 12 and 16% w/w), cellulose and glycerol as a plasticizer. The characterization of bioplastics with FTIR obtained functional groups O–H, C–H, C=O, C–N and N–H amines, and SEM characterization obtained bioplastic has fibre and pore size 15.429 µm. The best bioplastic characteristics were the composition of 12 % chitosan, with tensile strengths of 13.28 Mpa, water resistance of 79 % and the ability to degrade 52.67% after 15 days have met international plastic standards (ASTM 5336). The antibacterial activity of bioplastics against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with the Disc diffusion method showed the presence of moderate zones category of inhibition so that the resulting bioplastics can be recommended as food packaging that is environmentally friendly and antibacterial.
Biosensor based on Cellulose Acetate/Glutaraldehyde Membrane Electrodes for detection of organophosphorus pesticides Mashuni Mashuni; Fitri Handayani Hamid; M Jahiding; Andi Muhammad Naufal Khaeri
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 5 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 5 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.5.160-165

Abstract

In recent years, sensor applications have been critical in many fields, especially food safety and pesticides. Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) can be detected using a potentiometric biosensor with a membrane electrode made of a new natural material based on cellulose acetate (CA). Acetylcholinesterase was immobilized to 15% modified CA membrane electrodes using glutaraldehyde (GTA) as crosslinking agent and gold (Au) electrode. An indirect method used an acetylthiocholine chloride (ATCl) substrate to find OPPs like chlorpyrifos, profenophos, and diazinon. The working electrode was an CA/GTA membrane electrode, and the reference electrode was an Ag/AgCl electrode, whose potential value was measured with a potentiometer. The surface morphology of the biosensor membrane was investigated using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). It showed that the CA membrane has a smooth, porous surface and is very dense, and its structure consists of 71.27% carbon (C) and 28.73% oxygen (O) with an average diameter of 562.33 nm. A potentiometric biosensor based on AChE inhibition for the detection of OPPs showed a limit of detection (LoD) of 1×10−6 μg/L with a linearity range of 1×10−6–1.0 μg/L. The %inhibition value for the chlorpyrifos pesticide was 14.44 to 73.08%, profenophos was 11.98 to 77.98%, and diazinon was 18.58 to 83.27%. Therefore, higher inhibitor concentrations (OPPs) have a greater ability to prevent the AChE enzyme from breaking down the acetylcholine substrate. The biosensor with the CA membrane has a wide linearity range and a low detection limit. The potentiometer rapidly detects pesticide residues.
A Novel Enzyme Biosensor Based on Ag/Reduced Graphene Oxide/Chitosan Membrane with Potentiometer for Pesticide Detection Mashuni Mashuni; Nur Arfa Yanti; Irnawati Irnawati; Fitri Handayani Hamid; Muhammad Jahiding
Molekul Vol 18 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.6864

Abstract

Long-term accumulation of pesticides in the environment to human and animal health. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) biosensors with highly sensitive potentiometer transducers based on the membranes of Ag, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and chitosan (CS) has been successfully developed. The membrane was made with a composition of 0.5 mM AgNO3, 2.5 mg/mL rGO, and 2% (w/v) CS coated on the surface of the Au electrode. The composition of the membrane with three ratios, namely 1:1:2, 2:1:3, and 3:1:4. Then, membrane Ag/rGO/CS and the enzyme AChE were immobilized on the membrane surface. The prepared biosensor has excellent conductivity, catalytic activity, and biocompatibility attributed to the synergistic effect of Ag/rGO/CS and glutaraldehyde (GTA) as crosslinkers and providing a hydrophilic surface for AChE adhesion. The linear range in biosensors is 1 × 10-8 to 1 µg L-1 with a regression coefficient of 0.9803 for 1:1:2 membrane, 0.9836 for 2:1:3 membrane, and 0.9850 for 3:1:4 membrane. The LOD is about 1 × 10-7 µg L-1 for all membranes. In addition, the biosensor showed good sensitivity, acceptable reproducibility, and stability, having an RSD of less than 5%. This biosensor makes it possible to provide a new and promising tool for analyzing pesticides, especially organophosphates.
Microwave Assisted Extraction of Banana Stem Waste and its Antifungal Activity against Fusarium Oxysporum Mashuni Mashuni; muhammad Natsir; Sudirman Sudirman; Sitti Hadijah Sabarwati; Fitri Handayani Hamid; M. Jahiding
International Journal of Science Technology and Health Vol 1 No 1 (2023): Science Technology and Health
Publisher : LPPM ISTEK 'Aisyiyah Kendari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Banana stem (BS) waste is obtained in large quantities in banana production. In this work, microwave extraction (MAE) from BS was used, and the solvent concentration parameters were 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 96% (v/v) ethanol, and 5% HCl with a sample weight of 10 g each. The influence of solvent, time, temperature, and solid: the liquid ratio was evaluated on the extraction results. Total phenolic content (TPC) and its functional performance against Fusarium oxysporum. The effect of a high ethanol concentration on BS extraction was observed because the higher ethanol solvent concentration resulted in higher extraction results and TPC. Optimal MAE conditions were determined at 200 watts for 20 minutes, with 80% ethanol showing better TPC results than other ethanol concentrations, namely 0.7171 mg g-1. The results of chemical content analysis using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of BS extract of 80% ethanol obtained phenolic compounds, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, esters, ketones, and furans. BS extract of 80% ethanol showed antifungal activity of Fusarium oxysporum with an apparent zone diameter of 9.7 mm (moderate category). It can be concluded that MAE is an efficient technique for releasing bioactive molecules from BS with TPC and antifungal applications in the agricultural industry.
Microwave-assisted extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Pineapple Peel against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Mashuni Mashuni; Fitri Handayani Hamid; M Jahiding; Nur Cahya Islamiati MR; Sitti Hadijah Sabarwati; Andi Muhammad Naufal Khaeri
International Journal of Science Technology and Health Vol 2 No 1 (2024): Science, Technology and Health
Publisher : LPPM ISTEK 'Aisyiyah Kendari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Pineapple production is mostly marketed as a processed product, resulting in large amounts of industrial waste consisting of pineapple peel, core and crown. This study evaluated organic solvents for microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of phenolic compounds from pineapple peel and their total phenolic content and antibacterial activities. The application of microwave technology in phenolic extraction provides a fast extraction process and produces higher yields. In addition, organic solvent ethanol is considered an environmentally friendly solvent characterized by low toxicity and increased capacity to extract bioactive compounds. The solvent compositions are ethanol (80%), ethanol-HCl (80%-5%), and ethanol-NaOH (80%-5%). A higher phenolic compound was obtained using ethanol-HCl (80%-5%) of 2.68 mg eq GA/g DW. The results of the antibacterial activity test against Staphylococcus aureus was 19.00 mm and Escherichia coli was 19.31 mm. These results indicate that pineapple peel extract from ethanol-HCl solvent can be an effective antibacterial agent.
The Production of Renewable Fuels Sago Dregs and Low-Density Polyethylene by Pyrolysis and its Characterization Jahiding, M; Mashuni, Mashuni; Handayani Hamid, Fitri; Sitti Ilmawati, Wa Ode; Hamdana, Renaldi
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.3.565-576

Abstract

Biomass has been suggested as a sustainable alternative to substitute fossil fuels. Based on the pyrolysis method, the biomass would be converted into energy through decomposition by thermal degradation under an inert atmosphere, resulting in charcoal, liquid, and gas products. The quality of oils is effectively enhanced through the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass and plastic due to the facilitation of deoxygenation by plastics. This study investigates the impact of incorporating low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic in co-pyrolysis with sago dregs (SDs) waste. Pyrolysis of SDs and LDPE mixtures with ratios of 5:1, 4:2, 3:3, 2:4, and 1:5 at various temperatures of 375°C, 425°C, and 475°C. The maximum oil yield obtained for SDs and LDPE pyrolysis was 44.94%. The calorific value (CV) of all observed compositions is a minimum of 10,579.57 kcal kg-1 and a maximum of 11,545.21 kcal kg-1. The gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis confirmed the interaction between SDs and LDPE on co-pyrolysis. The addition of LDPE will produce rich aliphatic and aromatic compounds, like the proportions of alkanes (45.53%), alkenes (30.62%), alcohol (0.4%), and benzene (17.68%). Co-pyrolysis of SDs and LDPE promotes enhanced oil production by reducing oxygenated compounds and increasing hydrocarbon compounds.
Chemical Characterization and Antibacterial Activities of Bio-oil from Durian Shell Pyrolysis Mashuni, Mashuni; Kadidae, La Ode; Jahiding, M; Hamid, Fitri Handayani; Kadir, Waris Abdul; Khaeri, Andi Muhammad Naufal
Jurnal Kimia Valensi Jurnal Kimia VALENSI, Volume 10, No. 1, May 2024
Publisher : Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/jkv.v10i1.37674

Abstract

Foodborne bacteria cause food spoilage, usually Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Thus, synthetic preservatives are employed in food preservation to prevent food spoilage caused by microorganisms. Excessive use of synthetic preservatives can cause disease. Bio-oil has become a natural preservative because of its high phenolic content. However, bio-oil still requires purification because the initial bio-oil (grade 3) still contains carcinogenic compounds that are dangerous for consumption. Therefore, this study aims to determine the components of the bio-oil compound after purification and its effectiveness as an antibacterial. Durian shell (DS) is pyrolyzed in a heating reactor without oxygen at a temperature of 330–600ºC (flow rate 6ºC/minute) with a 2-3 cm material size. Furthermore, bio-oil purification includes stages of filtration using activated zeolite, fractional distillation at 70–200ºC (grade 2), and filtration using activated charcoal (grade 1). Bio-oil purification includes stages of filtration using active zeolite and activated charcoal (grade 2), and fractional distillation at a temperature of 150–200ºC (grade 1). Based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, grade 2 and grade 1 contain the major compounds 1,4-dimethyl-1h-imidazole and acetic acid. The research showed that bio-oil grades 1 and 2, when used at a 30% concentration, exhibit antibacterial strong effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. These findings suggest that bio-oil grades 1 and 2 could be valuable natural preservatives.
PKM PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI PIROLISIS UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOPESTISIDA DARI LIMBAH KULIT KAKAO Mashuni, Mashuni; Jahiding, M; Kadidae, La Ode; Handayani Hamid, Fitri
Science and Technology: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): Juni
Publisher : CV. Science Tech Group

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69930/scitech.v1i2.33

Abstract

Penerapan teknologi produksi biopestisida dari limbah kulit buah kakao (KBK) menggunakan metode pirolisis merupakan solusi inovatif dalam mengelola limbah pertanian menjadi produk bernilai tambah yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengubah limbah KBK menjadi biopestisida melalui proses pirolisis. Tahapan pengabdian ini meluputi, sosialisasi, strategi pemecahan masalah, pengenalan prototipe pengolahan KBK, dan pelatihan. Partisipasi mitra yaitu kelompok tani dan PT. Hasfarm Niaga Nusantara yang dilaksanakan di Desa Ponanggo Jaya Kecamatan Lambandia Kabupaten Kolaka Timur Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Hasil produksi biopestisida KBK menunjukkan kemampuan untuk menghambat pertumbuhan jamur pada benih tanaman kakao serta selama masa penyimpanan 6 hari benih kakao memiliki daya tumbuh sebesar 60%. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan teknologi pirolisis untuk produksi biopestisida dari limbah KBK memiliki potensi besar untuk memberikan manfaat yang signifikan bagi pertanian dan lingkungan. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dan kerjasama antara pemerintah, industri, dan petani untuk mengembangkan teknologi ini secara lebih luas dan efektif.
Co-Authors Andi Muhammad Naufal Khaeri Andi Muhammad Naufal Khaeri Andi Muhammad Naufal Khaeri Emiliana Sandalayuk Hamdana, Renaldi Irnawati Irnawati Jahiding, M Kadir, Waris Abdul Khaeri, Andi Muhammad Naufal La Ode Ahmad La Ode Kadidae, La Ode M Jahiding M Jahiding M Jahiding M. Jahiding M. Jahiding Mashuni Mashuni Mashuni Mashuni Mashuni Mashuni Mashuni Mashuni Mashuni Mashuni Mashuni Mashuni Muh. Aksan Dermawan Muhammad Jahiding Muhammad Natsir Nur Arfa Yanti Nur Cahya Islamiati MR SITTI HADIJAH SABARWATI Sitti Ilmawati, Wa Ode Sudirman Sudirman