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All Journal Arena Hukum Yurispruden Food Science and Technology Journal (Foodscitech) Jambura Law Review The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education Prophetic Law Review Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan Trunojoyo Law Review Golden Ratio of Law and Social Policy Review (GRLSPR) Kanun: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Justice Dialectical Journal of Indonesian Constitutional Law Decova Law Journal
Aidonojie, Esther Chetachukwu
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Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Criminal Law Perspectives on Medical Legal Issues in Telemedicine Aidonojie, Paul Atagamen; Aidonojie, Esther Chetachukwu; Antai, Godswill Owoche; Onwubiko, Kelechi
Jurnal Justice Dialectical Vol 3 No 2 (2025): Journal of Justice Dialectical
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Adhyaksa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70720/jjd.v3i2.47

Abstract

Digital technology has transformed healthcare globally, with telemedicine playing a pivotal role in expanding access to medical services in remote and underserved areas. In Nigeria, however, the practice of telemedicine raises complex medico-legal issues that directly intersect with criminal law. This study examines criminal law perspectives on telemedicine in Nigeria, with particular emphasis on medical liability, patient confidentiality, data protection, and accountability for malpractice or negligence. The research employed a quantitative approach, administering 303 questionnaires to respondents across Nigeria and analyzing the data to assess perceptions of telemedicine and its legal implications. The findings indicate, first, that telemedicine holds significant potential to strengthen Nigeria’s healthcare system, but its effectiveness is constrained by serious challenges, including the absence of a comprehensive regulatory framework, inadequate protection of patient data, and uncertainty regarding criminal liability for medical errors and breaches of confidentiality. Second, the study underscores the urgent need for Nigeria to establish robust laws, ethical guidelines, and medical regulations that specifically address issues of criminal liability, professional responsibility, and patient protection in telemedicine. The adoption of such frameworks would provide legal certainty, enhance accountability, and foster greater public trust in digital healthcare delivery.
International Legal Framework in Curtailing Hazardous COVID-19 Medical Waste: Issues and Challenges Aidonojie, Paul Atagamen; Aidonojie, Esther Chetachukwu; Okpoko, Mercy Osemudiame; Obieshi, Eregbuonye; Damina, Joshua John
Decova Law Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Decova Law Journal
Publisher : CV. Pustaka Parawali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71239/dlj.v1i1.51

Abstract

At the close of 2019, the global environment was hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare across the global environment was overwhelmed with patients suffering from the COVID-19 virus. However, in a bid to respond in curtailing the COVID-19 pandemic through medical equipment, it resulted in unprecedented waste. However, despite there are several global laws that curtail the incidence of waste generation and disposal, most developing countries experience a high level of medical waste from equipment used in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. In this regard, the study adopts a doctrinal method of investigation to examine the global legal issues and challenges concerning waste emanating from medical equipment in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The study found that the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented medical waste within the global environment, low and middle-income countries suffered more as a dumping ground of medical waste emanating from the equipment used in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The study also found that there is a legal gaps and weaknesses concerning the international laws curtailing the incidence of waste. Furthermore, the study also found that poor technology in recycling and curtailing COVID-19 medical waste is a major challenge to developing nations during the pandemic. The study concluded and recommended that to ensure a healthy and sustainable environment free from unprecedented waste. There is a need to strengthen National and international laws in curtailing the incidence and indiscriminate dumping of COVID-19 and any medical waste. Furthermore, the study recommends the need for international cooperation in knowledge sharing on sustainable waste management through sophisticated technology.   
Legal and Ethical Regulation on Childcare Digital Health System in Nigeria and Uganda: Issues and Challenges Aidonojie, Paul Atagamen; Nurhasanah, Siti; Kasmawati, Kasmawati; Aidonojie, Esther Chetachukwu; Ekpemisi, Collins; Atim, Amos Godfrey
TRUNOJOYO LAW REVIEW Vol 8, No 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/tlr.v8i1.32980

Abstract

The implementation of digital technologies in the healthcare system for children has a lesser but still noticeable effect on the health systems of Nigeria and Uganda. Digital tools such as electronic pediatric health records, tele-pediatric, m-health apps, and data-driven diagnostic platforms have been implemented. However, children's vulnerability in the digital healthcare domain has been significantly increased by the new technologies. The research scrutinizes the current insufficient and disorganised legal and ethical systems that control child digital healthcare in Nigeria and Uganda. The research employs a doctrine-based method, utilising the PRISMA Guide to systematically identify, screen, and analyse relevant laws, policies, and academic literature on children's rights. The results indicate that both countries have generic health and data protection laws that can be applied to digital health in general, but regulations and ethical standards (such as consent, data privacy, cybersecurity, parental authority, and professional liability) specific to children remain underdeveloped and poorly enforced, specifically in Nigeria. The study makes the case for child-friendly digital health legislation, clear consent standards, rigorous institutional oversight, and regional collaboration to ensure children's rights and welfare in digital healthcare systems.
The Potential Legal Issues, and Challenges of Utilising Geoengineering in Climate Change Mitigation Mukhlish, Mukhlish; Aidonojie, Paul Atagamen; Jufri, Muwaffiq; Mustafa , Mundu M.; Aidonojie, Esther Chetachukwu
Prophetic Law Review Vol. 8 No. 1 June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/PLR.vol8.iss1.art6

Abstract

Geoengineering is considered a potential scientific technique involving carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management, aimed at manipulating Earth's climate to mitigate the effects of global climate change. However, despite the potential of geoengineering, there are several legal, environmental, socio-economic, and ethical issues associated with its reliance. Concerning this, the aim is to evaluate geoengineering as an option for mitigating climate change while critiquing legal deficiencies and proposing policy measures for its regulation. Hence, the study adopts a doctrinal method, relying on primary and secondary research materials such as international law, scholarly articles by learned authors, and other relevant sources. A descriptive and analytical style was adopted in analysing the data obtained from the research sources. The findings reveal that the scientific concept of geoengineering is quite promising in mitigating the impacts of climate change through carbon emissions and the management of solar radiation. However, there seems to be a lack of clear legal regulation, leading to a lack of oversight of geoengineering activities, uncertainty about liability for environmental harm, and cross-border issues. Furthermore, developing countries may also face the challenges of adapting to new scientific concepts, given the technical and scientific skills involved, and the inability to fund the geoengineering project. The study agrees that geoengineering has the potential to curtail climate change but concludes that its legal, ethical, and socio-economic challenges should be addressed by the international community through an effective legal framework and the provision of financial aid to developing countries to ensure the responsible application of geoengineering in climate change mitigation.
Global Legal Issues Concerning Patentability of Phage-Based Therapeutics Aidonojie, Paul Atagamen; Aidonojie, Esther Chetachukwu; Obieshi, Eregbuonye; Hassan, Adebowale; Okpoko, Mercy Osemudiame
Arena Hukum Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.arenahukum2026.01901.5

Abstract

Phage-based therapeutics offer a promising solution to the growing global threat of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. However, the patentability of these biologics faces significant legal problems due to varying international standards and the challenge of distinguishing naturally occurring phages from patentable inventions. This legal uncertainty hampers innovation, investment, and the global development of phage therapies. This study therefore examines global laws regarding the patentability of phage-based therapeutics and the existing legal gap. The doctrinal approach, which is widely used, relies heavily on primary and secondary materials. The research analysis found that phage-based therapeutics are considered an invention for biomedical use as an alternative to antibiotic-resistant diseases; however, there are inconsistencies in how jurisdictions treat phage patent applications. In this regard, the international laws that ought to harmonise and close this loophole seem inadequate. Furthermore, the study observes that existing international laws do not specifically address phage-based therapeutic inventions. Also, the criteria for obtaining a patent under international law seem complex, as member states are the final decision-making bodies for granting patents, including for phage-based therapeutic inventions. The study, therefore, concludes that establishing clear legal frameworks and harmonising international standards would require a great deal of time to achieve phage protection while also pursuing public health goals. This will, in turn, result in regulatory support that would ensure finding a fine balance between obtaining a patent and therapeutic accessibility.
Co-Authors Abacha, Saminu Wakili Adebayo, Adesoji Kolawole Adebowale, Hassan Ismaila Afolabi, Majekodunmi Toyin Aidonojie, Paul Atagamen Akinsulore, Adedoyin Olusegun Antai, Godswill Owoche Atim, Amos Godfrey Banki , Lauretta Leslie Damina, Joshua John Edetalehn, Oaihimire Idemudia Ekpemisi, Collins Ekpenisi, Collins Eregbuonye , Obieshi Eregbuonye, Obieshi Hassan, Adebowale Hassan, Ismaila Ikubanni, Oluwaseye Oluwayomi Kolawole, Adebayo Adesoji Mukhlish Mukhlish, Mukhlish Mulegi, Tom Mustafa , Mundu M. Mutawalli, Muhammad Muwaffiq Jufri, Muwaffiq Obieshi, Eregbuonye Okpoko, Mercy Okpoko, Mercy Osemudiame Onwubiko, Kelechi Owuche, Antai Godswill Oyebade, Alade Adeniyi Siswahyudianto Siti Nurhasanah Umo, Maria Edet