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All Journal Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Open Access DRIVERset Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity Effects of Newbouldia Stem Bark Extract Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac; Umaru, Isaac John; Tansaba, Akafa Andes; Nanmar, Chakfa; Ugoeze, Egeonu Stephen
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3350

Abstract

Newbouldia leavis is a boundary tree. it is a medium size angiosperm which belongs to the Bignoniaceae family. It is a fast-growing evergreen shrub or small tree. This study was carried out to investigate antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of Newbouldia stem bark. The antibacterial activity of the methanol extracts was determined by the agar well diffusion method. Three standard bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were used for the antibacterial assay. Result of screening plant extracts for antibacterial activity showed that most of the organisms were sensitive to the extract. The antibacterial test utilizing well diffusion assay showed that Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to the plant extract compared to Gram-negative bacteria. This study supports the use of Newboulda leavis in traditional medicine as well as highlights the need to further explore the potentials of the plant extract as antibacterial agent.
Hypoglycemic Potentials of Newbouldia laevis Stem Bark Extract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats Umaru, Isaac John; Chisom, Gabriel Favour; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac; Tansaba, Akafa Andes; Nanmar, Chakfa; Ugoeze, Egeonu Stephen
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3351

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the antidiabetic of the methanol extract of Newbouldia stem bark and to determine its safety and toxicity. Alloxan (150 mg/kg) was administered to albino rats via the oral route. The diabetic rats were then placed in 6 groups, following stabilization of hyperglycemia. The first group was non-diabetic, the second and third group were the diabetic control. The next three groups received, each day, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of the methanol extract Newbouldia laevis and the second group received a reference standard, metformin (200mg/kg). Treatment was via the oral route for 14 days and fasting blood sugar level was monitored over this period. Acute toxicity (oral and intraperitoneal) studies on the extract was carried out. Blood glucose levels from day 1 to 14 days of treatment increased significantly (p <0.05) in all the treatment groups, except group 3 (positive control) which showed no significant difference compared to the normal control group. This study supports the use of Newbouldia laevis in traditional medicine as well as highlights the need to further explore the potentials of the plant extract as an antidiabetic.
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Capacity of Methanol Root Extract of Mangifera Indica Umaru, Isaac John; Ugbedeojo, Sule John; Tansaba, Akafa Andes; Nanmar, Chakfa; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac; Ugoeze, Egeonu Stephen
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3352

Abstract

Recent years have witnessed enhanced research work reported on plants and plant products. In this regard, plants with traditional therapeutic usage are being screened more efficiently to be considered as a substitution or as a better alternative agent for Human Pathogens. Antioxidant activity, antibacterial, antifungal properties, colour, phytochemical and FT-IR spectral analysis of flowers belonging to Hibiscus moscheutos was determined. Radical scavenging activity of sample extracts were determined based on the percent inhibition of DPPH and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Total phenolics were estimated based on the Folin–Ciocalteu method, while, vanillin–HCl and aluminum chloride methods were employed to estimate total tannins and flavonoids in the sample extracts, respectively. To determine total flavonols and anthocyanin contents, spectrophotometric method was employed. For antibacterial activities, modified agar disk diffusion method was adopted. Results: The crude extracts of hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol, extracts with concentration levels at 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/mL were shown to significantly affect the inhibition of bacterial selected. The presence of phytochemicals compounds possesses the high antibacterial activities of this crude extracts. This study proved that Mangifera Indica crude extracts could be useful for inhibiting the selected pathogens which has an antioxidant potential as well as a natural bacterial agent.
Hepatocurative Effect of Methanol Extract of Newbouldia laevis Leaves in Alloxan-Induced Liver Damage in Albino Rats Umaru, Isaac John; Rebecca, Tsokwa Punarimam; Tansaba, Akafa Andes; Nanmar, Chakfa; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac; Ugoeze, Egeonu Stephen; Danjuma, Tyem Lawal
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3354

Abstract

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect (Hepatocurative and antibacterial potential) of Newboulda laevis leaves in alloxan-induced liver damage in Wister Albino Rats. The leaves of Newbouldia laevis was bought from a local market in Wukari, Taraba State. The leaves of Newbouldia laevis was chop and then pulverized into fine powder. The methanol crude extracts andthirty-two albino Wistar rats weighing 90-220 g was used for this research. Liver toxicity was induced in male rats by an intraperitoneal single dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. samples were subjected to biochemical estimation of liver function. The result showed a significant (p≤0.05) increase in serum AST level for group II (60.6 ± 1.12) which was administered high dose of Alloxan and serves as the negative control group, when compared to the normal control group I (35.09 ± 2.07) which only received feed and water. From the result described in table 4.0 above, it showed a significant (p≤0.05) increase in ALT level for group II (58.11 ± 0.42) negative control when compared with group I (20.00 ± 0.41) normal control. Group III (29.98 ± 0.12) which received standard drug showed a significant decrease in ALT which is a sign that there is some level of repair on the liver cells. Group IV (36.22 ± 0.s70), group V (30.00 ± 0.27) and group VI (29.99 ± 0.12) which received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of Newbouldia laevis leaves extract respectively when compared with the negative control group II, showed a significant decrease in ALT level. There was a significant (p≤0.05) increase in ALP level for group II (255.80 ± 1.12) which received Alloxan when compared with the normal control group I (80.21 ± 0.44) providing evidence to support the increase in ALT and AST level in group II, suggestive of liver injury. The treatment groups III, VI, V and VI showed significant (p<0.05) difference, when compared to the negative control group. No significant (p<0.05) difference between group V and VII. It was deduced that the total protein for group II (10.95 ± 0.37) significantly (p<0.05) decreased when compared to the normal control group I (14.13 ± 0.55). This is because low levels of total protein in the blood can occur because of impaired function of the liver. Administration of Newbouldia laevis leaves extract significantly (p<0.05) elevated total protein levels for group IV (10.99 ± 0.41), V (12.76 ± 0.41) and VI (12.98 ± 0.58). Albumin being the most abundant protein in the blood, equally followed same pattern as total protein, with Albumin level of (10.83 ± 0.10), (6.13 ± 0.05), (9.82 ± 0.18) (6.75 ± 0.13), (7.99 ± 0.10) and (9.60 ± 0.13) for group I, II, III, IV, V and V respectively. Thus, emphasizing the potential of the extract as a source agent for medication for ailment and diseases.
Review: The Biochemistry of Love and Loving Onyinyechi, Nwachukwu Favour; Joseph, Ikwebe; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac; Umaru, Isaac John
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3355

Abstract

Human love is more complex than simple feedback mechanisms. Love create its own reality. The biology of love originates in primitive parts of the brain; the emotional core the human nervous system, that evolved long before the cerebral cortex. The brain of human ‘in love’ is flooded with sensations, often transmitted by the vagus nerve, creating much of what we experience as emotion. The modern cortex struggles to interpret the primal messages of love, and weaves a narrative around incoming visceral experiences, potentially reacting to that narrative rather than reality. The four functions of love include; Romantic love (erotic) love, Friendly love or Platonic love (Philia), Familial love (Storge) and Unconditional love (Agape). Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter released by the nerve cell. It’s mostly referred to as the master switch of the brain. Lust: Characterized by a strong desire for sexual gratification and is primarily driven by testosterone and oestrogen. Attraction: This stage involves intense romantic and sexual feelings, associated with dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Attachment: The final stage, involving long-term commitment and bonding, is influenced by oxytocin and vasopressin. The hypothalamus of the brain plays a big role in stimulating the production of sex hormones testosterones and oestrogen from the testes and ovaries. These chemicals are often stereotyped as being ‘male’ and ‘female’ respectively, both plays a role in men and women. Males produce forty to sixty times more of the testosterones. Testosterones increases the libido in male and female. The effect is less pronounced with oestrogen, but some woman report being more sexually motivated around the time the ovulate, when oestrogen levels are highest. Conclusions: Love is a complex neurobiological phenomenon, relying on trust and belief as well as brain reward activity.
Review: Neurochemical Aspects of Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Umaru, Isaac John; Innocent, Nwofor; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3473

Abstract

Neurochemistry is the study of chemicals, including neurotransmitters, hormones, and other molecules, that influence the function and behavior of the nervous system. This field has evolved significantly since the early 20th century, driven by key discoveries and technological advancements such as Neurotransmitters and Mental Health, "Neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine are fundamental in regulating mood, cognition, and behavior. Disruptions in these systems are implicated in various psychiatric disorders". Also, Neurotransmitter Imbalances and Mental Disorders: this is the Alterations in neurotransmitter levels, such as serotonin and dopamine, are associated with the symptoms of depression and schizophrenia". Then the GABAergic dysfunction is linked to anxiety disorders, highlighting the role of inhibitory neurotransmission in mental health". As well as Role of Neurochemicals in Specific Disorders: where low serotonin levels are commonly found in individuals with depression, leading to the development of SSRIs as a treatment". The review also look into Schizophrenia which is associated with both hyperactivity and hypoactivity of dopamine pathways, which influences treatment strategies", as well as the Neurochemical Pathways and Mechanisms: The HPA axis plays a critical role in the stress response, and its dysregulation which is linked to mood disorders". Dopaminergic pathways, including the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal systems, are essential for reward and motor control" as well as the Neurotransmitter Receptors and Transporters, Serotonin receptors, such as 5-HT1A, are critical in mood regulation and are targeted by many antidepressants". The central point of disorder "Dopamine transporters are involved in the re-uptake of dopamine and are implicated in disorders like ADHD and addiction". Thus, Neuroinflammation and Mental Health: which Increased neuroinflammation is associated with depression, with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in affected individuals", "Microglia and their role in neuroinflammation and psychiatric disorders are all the key area of the research."
Exploring the Links between Genetics and Diseases: Review Umaru, Isaac John; Esseyi, Chabunda Endashi; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac; Tensaba, Akafa Andes; Istifanus, Dafup Kadel; Umahi, David
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3482

Abstract

This review article delves into the intricate connections between genetics and diseases, exploring how genetic variations influence the development and progression of various health conditions. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research in the field of genomics, highlighting key discoveries that have advanced our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of diseases. We examine both monogenic and polygenic disorders, illustrating how mutations in single genes or complex interactions among multiple genes contribute to disease phenotypes. Furthermore, the review discusses the role of epigenetics and gene-environment interactions in modulating disease risk and expression. By synthesizing current findings, this article underscores the potential of genetic research in paving the way for personalized medicine and targeted therapies, offering new avenues for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of genetic diseases. The review also addresses the ethical and societal implications of genetic research, emphasizing the importance of responsible scientific practices and equitable access to genetic advancements.
Review: Functions and Mechanism of Biochemical Markers in The Monitoring of Covid-19 Patients Umaru, Isaac John; Yakubu, Kaka Garpiya; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3485

Abstract

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARSCoV-2 virus, which has given rise to a global sanitary emergency. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 are varied and can range from an asymptomatic infection to a mild to severe pneumonia. Recent studies have shown that different laboratory parameters become altered in these patients, and as such are useful as biomarkers to assess the progression of the disease and categorize patients that may present a severe and/or fatal clinical condition. This review analyzes biochemical and immunological markers that become altered in COVID-19 patients and their impact on different organs at a hepatic, cardiac, renal and pancreatic level, as well as markers of inflammation, analyzing their implications in the evolution of the disease.
Ameliorative Effects of Stem bark Extract of Pterocarpus erinaceus on Indomethacin-induced Ulcer Umaru, Isaac John; Olawale, Otitoju; Okoli, Emmanuel Chikodiri; Tensaba, Akafa Andes; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac; Istifanus, Dafup Kadel; Umahi, David
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3487

Abstract

Pterocarpus erinaceus serve as a medicinal plant to many populations of Nigeria and West Africa. The stem bark, leaves, and root bark have been studied for their antioxidant, antimalaria, antiulcerogenic, and antibacterial properties. The study examined the anti-ulcerogenic properties of Pterocarpus erinaceus stem bark extracts in albino rats with indomethacin-induced ulcers and hepatic biochemical changes. The anti-ulcer effect was determined by histopathological examination of ulcerated rats treated with the stem bark extracts in a period of 14-days. The three extracts did not cause elevation of key liver biomarkers such as AST, ALT, and ALP. Hence are considered not non-toxic at the dose and duration given. The leaf extract exhibited anti-ulcer effect at 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg.
Biochemical Basis of Collagen Defect: Keloids Ale, Ebenezer Morayo; Asuelimen, Steve Osagie; Andeuka, Useni Ajiya; Umaru, Isaac John; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3704

Abstract

Obscure in their genesis, keloids are benign fibro-proliferative disorders. They take place as a result of disturbances in the typical wound healing process in vulnerable people. Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-ß) family members have been linked to the pathogenesis of this illness, despite the fact that many other factors have been hypothesized to contribute to its aetiopathogenesis. Finding the right therapeutical notion requires understanding the differences between hypertrophic scars, keloids, and typical scars. Even though keloids are rather common in the general population, the mechanisms that cause keloid formation are still poorly understood. The fact that there are numerous treatment modalities reflects the reality that no single treatment has consistently demonstrated to be highly successful. New pathophysiological theories for keloid formation are revealed by improvements in our understanding of the wound healing process. This review distinguishes between keloids and hypertrophic scars, provides an overview of physiological wound healing, examines current theories for keloid formation, and describes the etiology of scar formation. This knowledge could aid in unraveling the complicated keloid etiology and aid in the creation of a successful treatment approach.
Co-Authors Abah, Moses Adi, Godwin Baaku Aduwamai, Umaru Hauwa Akafa, Andes Tensaba Akafa, Tensaba Andes Ale, Ebenezer Morayo Amen, Ananias Andeuka, Useni Ajiya Asare, Solomon Ossom Asuelimen, Steve Osagie Audu, Anthony Mishara Battah, Moses Victor C, Ugwuoke Kenneth Chisom, Gabriel Favour Danjuma, Tyem Lawal Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrashid David, Bando Christopher Ejeh, Yakubu Ojochenemi Ekubnse, Nkiri Annasthesia Esseyi, Chabunda Endashi Galam, Nanyak Zingfa Grace, Onwubiko N. Gyasi, Prince Kwadwo Habibu, Bilyaminu Hassan, Okrah George Henry, Onwubiko A. Innocent, Nwofor Istifanus, Dafup Kadel Joel, Emmanuel Askeb-nde John, Artu Ishishen John, Umaru Isaac Joseph, Ikwebe Kingsly, Iseko Iyoko Konka, Daniel Malantso, Jackson Soyinka Malgwi, Jemimah Mohammed Marvelous, Solomon Godiya Matilda, Manasseh Ilumunter Mchibuma, Jibaniya Grace Muhammad Akram Nanmar, Chakfa Ngbede, Ocheifa Matthew Ogochukwu, Edom Favour Okoli, Emmanuel Chikodiri Oladele, Gloria Omonefe Olawale, Otitoju Oluwatosin, Jegede Olosola Onyinyechi, Nwachukwu Favour Oteng, Joseph Rebecca, Tsokwa Punarimam Salman, Julius Ishaya Shadrach, Katchim Evelyn Shadrach, Philip Shenia, Zephaniah Hananiah Tansaba, Akafa Andes Tensaba, Akafa Andes Ugbedeojo, Sule John Ugoeze, Egeonu Stephen Umahi, David Umaru, Isaac John Vera, Caleb Yakubu, Kaka Garpiya Yusufu, Dawoye Zinas, Simon Teza