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FREUD’S VIEW ON THE ORIGIN OF RELIGION AND ITS CRITICISM ACCORDING TO ‘AQL AND NAQL Hosseini Eskandian, Abdullah; Babaei, Ali
Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi Islam Vol 24, No 2 (2023): Islamic Philosophy & Mysticism
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/ua.v24i2.21299

The origin of religion remains a central and contested issue in the philosophy of religion and modern theology (kâlâm), frequently drawing skepticism from materialist and atheist perspectives. This foundational question shapes the identity of religion and determines whether it is viewed as divinely revealed or as a construct of human imagination and psychological needs. Theistic scholars assert that religion originates from a divine source, revealed through Prophets for the moral and spiritual guidance of humanity. In contrast, materialists and atheists, including prominent figures such as Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), argue that religion emerges from human psychological complexes, instincts, and social conditioning, denying any transcendent origin. Freud, in particular, attributes the genesis of religion to repressed desires and unresolved familial tensions, especially within the context of totemism and the Oedipus complex, thus rejecting any metaphysical or divine foundation. This article employs a descriptive-argumentative method and an analytical approach to examine and critically assess Freud’s theory on the origin of religion. The study highlights several conceptual and methodological flaws in Freud’s view, including the inadequacy of instinctual explanations for religious consciousness, the problematic generalization of Christian-specific myths, the irrationality of totemic belief systems, and the ethnocentric limitations of his framework. Furthermore, Freud’s theory stands in direct contradiction to key Islamic theological principles rooted in reason (ʿaql) and inspired revelation (naql), particularly as conveyed through the Qur’an and Hadith. Ultimately, this critique underscores the incompatibility of Freud’s reductionist account with both Islamic epistemology and the innate disposition of human spirituality (fitrah).

The Principles of the Issue of Resurrection According to the Propositions of Muslim Thinkers HosseiniEskandian, Abdullah; Babaei, Ali
Hayula: Jurnal Indonesia Studi Islam Multi-disiplin Vol 8 No 2 (2024): Hayula: Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Islamic Studies
Publisher : Laboratorium Prodi Pendidikan Agama Islam UNJ

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21009/hayula.008.02.02

The issue of resurrection is one of the basic principles of divine religions that all the divine prophets had the mission to invite people to believe in the Day of Judgment after being called to worship the Only God. Among the divine religions, Islam has shown special attention to the question of resurrection and this basic principle has been discussed and pondered by many Muslim thinkers. In addition to the religious aspect, the issue of resurrection is of fundamental importance since the general nature of the human race is mixed with it and humans tend towards happiness and good fortune. In this article, an attempt is made to investigate the importance and necessity of the issue of resurrection, the nature of resurrection, the types of resurrection, the questions of resurrection and its proof based on the Islamic perspective, using a descriptive-analytical method. Apart from all the proofs that have been established to prove the issue of resurrection, it can be stated that human nature tends to an end beyond this material world that does not see himself limited in this world and sees a world beyond this material world in his horizon.

ACHIEVING TRUE HAPPINESS: A STUDY OF MUHAMMAD HOSSEIN TABATABAI’S PHILOSOPHICAL-MYSTICAL THOUGHT Zamzami, Mukhammad; Hosseinieskandian, Abdullah; Zuhri, Achmad Muhibin; Haidary, Abdullah Haq Al; Babaei, Ali
Islam Futura Vol 23, No 1 (2023): Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/jiif.v23i1.14760

The question of what constitutes true happiness has been a core philosophical issue that has warranted multiple attempts in the attempt to provide a final answer, either from a purely religious or philosophical perspective. The issue of happiness is closely connected to the meaning of life and its ultimate outcome and purpose. The modern Muslim philosopher Muhammad Hossein Tabatabai discussed the nature of happiness at length. In his view, human beings instinctively strive to attain happiness or the ultimate good which can only be achieved through nearness to God. Therefore, true happiness requires the believer to commit righteous deeds and avoid sinful acts. This study follows a philosophical-Sufi approach and uses a descriptive-analytical method to examine the nature of happiness, the relationship between happiness, goodness and pleasure according to Tabatabai. In line with Islamic thought, true and lasting happiness can only be attained in the Hereafter, and happiness in this life, no matter how acutely and deeply felt, is merely a shadow of the true happiness of the believers who have attained God’s permission to enter Paradise.

The Conceptions of Divine Revelation: A Comparative Study of the Views of Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra HosseiniEskandian, Abdullah; Setiyani, Wiwik; Muktafi, Muktafi; Kholid, Abd; Babaei, Ali
Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023): June
Publisher : Department of Aqidah and Islamic Philosophy, Faculty of Ushuluddin and Philosophy, Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/teosofi.2023.13.1.159-179

The issue of revelation is one of the most important issues in the divine religions. In Islam the issue revelation is of central importance, as the revealed word of God, the Qur’ān, is in itself a miracle in its inimitability, a unique masterpiece of the divine message that cannot be replicated. Revelation is understood as communication from the unseen world above, whereby God issues His divine commands to humankind. The eminent Muslim philosophers Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra discussed the concept of revelation in their works. Ibn Sina considered revelation as a specific sensory effect on the prophet’s consciousness, whereby the Angel of Revelation cast the divine words into the prophet’s heart. Mulla Sadra also considered revelation as a type of unseen form of communication, whereby the divine commands are shared with humankind. This article attempts to study the nature of revelation, the levels of revelation, and the manner of revelation from the point of view of Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra through a descriptive-analytical method. Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra, despite their differences in conceptualizing and explaining the process of revelation, agreed that the revealed message is from God directly, without the independent agency of the Angel of Revelation and the prophets, who only carry and receive the divine message, yet cannot alter it.

ACHIEVING TRUE HAPPINESS: A STUDY OF MUHAMMAD HOSSEIN TABATABAI’S PHILOSOPHICAL-MYSTICAL THOUGHT Zamzami, Mukhammad; Hosseinieskandian, Abdullah; Zuhri, Achmad Muhibin; Haidary, Abdullah Haq Al; Babaei, Ali
Islam Futura Vol 23 No 1 (2023): Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/jiif.v23i1.14760

The question of what constitutes true happiness has been a core philosophical issue that has warranted multiple attempts in the attempt to provide a final answer, either from a purely religious or philosophical perspective. The issue of happiness is closely connected to the meaning of life and its ultimate outcome and purpose. The modern Muslim philosopher Muhammad Hossein Tabatabai discussed the nature of happiness at length. In his view, human beings instinctively strive to attain happiness or the ultimate good which can only be achieved through nearness to God. Therefore, true happiness requires the believer to commit righteous deeds and avoid sinful acts. This study follows a philosophical-Sufi approach and uses a descriptive-analytical method to examine the nature of happiness, the relationship between happiness, goodness and pleasure according to Tabatabai. In line with Islamic thought, true and lasting happiness can only be attained in the Hereafter, and happiness in this life, no matter how acutely and deeply felt, is merely a shadow of the true happiness of the believers who have attained God’s permission to enter Paradise.

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