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Siregar, Muhammad FG.
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health

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Role of estradiol and C-reactive protein levels on genitourinary syndrome in menopausal women Siregar, Muhammad FG.; Terauchi, Masakazu; Tobing, Immanuel DL.; Lubis, Roni B.; Azmeila, Selly; Pasaribu, Hotma P.; Prabudi, Oky; Ardiansyah, Edy; Effendi, Iman H.
Narra J Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): August 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i2.626

Abstract

Menopause leads to decreased estradiol levels affecting tissue health and causing local inflammation in the genital organs and urinary tract. The rise of blood C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in menopausal women may indicate systemic inflammation associated with estradiol decline. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between serum estradiol and CRP levels on genitourinary syndrome in menopausal women. A cross-sectional study was conducted among menopausal women who had not experienced menstruation for at least 12 consecutive months at Prof. dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Hospital, Medan, Indonesia, in 2023. Estradiol and CRP levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the presence of genitourinary syndrome was assessed using the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire. The mean levels of estradiol and CRP were compared to menopausal women with and without genitourinary syndrome with the Mann-Whitney test. To assess the correlation between estradiol and CRP levels, and between their levels with the presence of genitourinary symptoms, the Spearman correlation test was used. The genitourinary syndrome was reported in 25% of the total included menopausal women. Our data indicated that the mean estradiol levels were not significantly different between menopausal women with and without genitourinary syndrome (9.13±2.47 pg/mL vs 18.96±31.23 pg/mL, p=0.881). The mean serum CRP level of menopausal women with genitourinary syndrome (9.72±6.30 mg/L) was higher than that of women without the syndrome (2.09±1.26 mg/L) with p<0.001. In addition, serum CRP level, not estradiol, was correlated with the symptom score of genitourinary syndrome. This study highlights that to identify and manage genitourinary syndrome, monitoring of CRP levels is essential in menopausal women.
Comparison of leptin and estrone levels between normal body mass index and obese menopausal women Siregar, Muhammad FG.; Terauchi, Masakazu; Sari, Rizka A.; Adella, Cut A.; Prabudi, Muhammad O.; Barus, Melvin NG.; Rivany, Riza; Tobing, Immanuel DL.; Azmeila, Selly
Narra J Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): August 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i2.745

Abstract

Postmenopausal women often experience hormonal changes and shifts in fat composition, affecting weight gain and obesity. Understanding the link between hormones, especially estrogen and leptin, is key to managing weight and lowering disease risk in menopausal women. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of leptin and estrone in menopausal women with normal weight and obesity. A cross-sectional study was conducted on menopausal women, either normal body mass index (BMI) or obese, at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. Blood samples were collected to measure leptin and estrone levels using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The differences in leptin levels between groups were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, while the correlation between BMI and leptin was examined using the Pearson correlation test. The disparity in estrone levels in both groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and the correlations between variables were assessed using the Spearman or Pearson correlation tests as appropriate. The mean leptin levels in normal BMI and obesity groups were 17.73±4.96 and 25.46±12.95 ng/mL, respectively, and were statistically different (p=0.006). The mean estrone levels in menopausal women with normal BMI and obesity were 943.23±391.79 and 851.38±282.23 ng/mol, respectively and were not statistically different (p=0.564). A significant positive correlation was found between BMI and leptin level (r=0.59; p<0.001), while  BMI and estrone were not significantly correlated (r=0.083; p=0.559). In conclusion, leptin level was significantly different between BMI groups and had a strong positive correlation with BMI. This finding could be an important insight in body weight management and disease risk prevention in menopausal women.
Role of serum estradiol and C-telopeptide on musculoskeletal pain in menopausal women Siregar, Muhammad FG.; Terauchi, Masakazu; Lumbantobing, Jonathan T.; Pasaribu, Hotma P.; Prabudi, Muhammad O.; Ardiansyah, Edy; Effendi, Iman H.; Tobing, Immanuel DL.; Azmeila, Selly; Nabila, Nabila
Narra J Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): August 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i2.747

Abstract

Musculoskeletal pain is one of the common symptoms of menopause syndrome throughout the world. Estradiol is the most potent and abundant derivative of estrogen and is associated with musculoskeletal pain, stiffness, and depressed mood during the menopausal transition. C-telopeptide is a molecule released during osteoclastic bone resorption and degradation of type I collagen, which is reported to have higher levels in individuals with musculoskeletal pain. An observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design was used in this research. Estradiol and C-telopeptide levels were measured in this study using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Musculoskeletal pain was assessed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and the Menopause Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL). Musculoskeletal pain was determined if the participant answered “yes” on questions number 12, 14 and 25 on the MENQOL. Data analysis was performed using the independent Student t-test for normally distributed data and the Mann-Whitney test for non-normally distributed data. A correlation test was performed using the Pearson correlation test for normally distributed data and the Spearman correlation test for non-normally distributed data. The results showed a non-significant relationship between estradiol and C-telopeptide levels with musculoskeletal pain assessed using the NMQ or MENQOL questionnaires. The correlation test also showed no correlation between estradiol and C-telopeptide levels in women with and without musculoskeletal pain.
Effect of Nigella sativa seed extract on estradiol, FSH levels, and vaginal maturity index in menopausal women: A randomized controlled trial Sukatendel, Khairani; Hasibuan, Reni H.; Siregar, Muhammad FG.; Faradina, Dwi; Edianto, Deri; Lintang, Letta S.; Rusda, Muhammad; Inriani, Vega
Narra J Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v5i1.1399

Abstract

Nigella sativa seed extract has been shown to have a significant effect on endometrial thickness and vaginal cytology in ovariectomized animal models, suggesting potential benefits for managing menopausal symptoms. However, to the best of the author’s knowledge, no human studies have been done to support these conclusions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of N. sativa seed extract on estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and the vaginal maturity index (VMI) in postmenopausal women. A single-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled experiment was carried out at Haji Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, Indonesia, with 50 eligible postmenopausal women patients randomized into three groups. Group 1 received a placebo, while groups 2 and 3 were given N. sativa seed extract at 910 mg/day and 1,365 mg/day, respectively. All participants were blinded to the treatment they received. The study used Shad Nigella Plus, an Indonesian herbal medicine containing 455 mg of N. sativa seed extract per capsule. Before the treatments, estradiol levels, FSH levels, and VMI were measured at baseline and remeasured after eight weeks of treatment. Two participants in the intervention group withdrew due to nausea, a reported side effect of N. sativa seed extract consumption. Both treatment groups showed significant increases in estradiol levels (p=0.01 and p=0.001) and VMI (p=0.004 and p=0.001) after eight weeks of daily N. sativa seed extract administration compared to the placebo group. However, no significant differences were found between the two doses in estradiol levels and VMI (p=0.12 and p=0.673, respectively). Moreover, FSH levels showed no significant difference throughout both interventions (p=0.53 and p=0.96, respectively). In conclusion, twice-daily N. sativa seed extract at 910 mg/day or 1,365 mg/day for eight weeks significantly increased estradiol levels and VMI in menopausal women but had no significant effect on FSH levels. These findings support the potential role of N. sativa seed extract as a natural treatment for menopausal symptoms.
Effects of vitamin D supplementation on salivary cortisol and psychological health among postmenopausal women: A pilot quasi-experimental study Syahdema, Muhammad F.; Siregar, Muhammad FG.; Nasution, Hiro HD.; Prabudi, Muhammad O.; Marpaung, Johny; Sukatendel, Khairani
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i2.224

Abstract

Menopause is a significant life transition often accompanied by mood disturbances, many of which are linked to cortisol levels and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in postmenopausal women and shares overlapping adverse outcomes with menopausal symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on salivary cortisol levels and psychological symptoms in postmenopausal women. This pilot study employed a quasi-experimental design, recruiting 32 postmenopausal women via consecutive sampling from the study population in Kwala Bekala Village, Medan Johor District. Participants were consecutively added into two groups, receiving either 1000 IU or 2000 IU of vitamin D daily for one month. Salivary cortisol levels and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) scores were measured before and after the intervention.  The findings revealed that serum 25(OH)D levels increased significantly in both groups, with higher post-supplementation levels in the 2000 IU group than in the 1000 IU group (28.94±5.86 ng/mL vs 24.13±5.28 ng/mL, p=0.021). Salivary cortisol decreased in both groups, with a greater reduction observed in the 2000 IU group (median Δ=9.55 ng/mL vs mean Δ=4.92±4.29 ng/mL, p=0.032). Psychological symptoms measured by DASS scores also improved significantly, with the 2000 IU group showing a larger reduction (mean Δ=11.31±6.65 vs median Δ=3.5, p=0.022). Vitamin D supplementation at both 1000 IU and 2000 IU effectively reduced salivary cortisol and improved psychological symptoms in postmenopausal women. Due to differences in baseline characteristics, caution is warranted when inferring clear dose superiority.
Co-Authors Adella, Cut A. Ardiansyah, Edy Azmeila, Selly Barus, Melvin NG. Deri Edianto Dwi Faradina Effendi, Iman H. Hasibuan, Reni H. Inriani, Vega Lintang, Letta S. Lubis, Roni B. Lumbantobing, Jonathan T. Marpaung, Johny Nabila, Nabila Nasution, Hiro HD. Pasaribu, Hotma P. Prabudi, Muhammad O. Prabudi, Oky RIZA RIVANY, RIZA Rusda, Muhammad Sari, Rizka A. Sukatendel, Khairani Syahdema, Muhammad F. Terauchi, Masakazu Tobing, Immanuel DL.