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All Journal Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Legal Standing : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Unes Law Review Jurnal Ilmu Hukum KYADIREN Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review International Journal of Social Service and Research Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) Riwayat: Educational Journal of History and Humanities
Adam, Richard C.
Unknown Affiliation
Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Implementasi Kewajiban Kurator dalam Pembayaran Upah Pekerja Debitur Pailit: Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 232 K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2021 Marrietta, Donita Marsha; Adam, Richard C.
UNES Law Review Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): UNES LAW REVIEW (Desember 2023)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Ekasakti Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/unesrev.v6i2.1357

Abstract

This research focuses on the construction of wrongful acts related to the duties of curators and the considerations of judges in Supreme Court decisions. The research aims to gain in-depth understanding of wrongful acts by curators and how judges consider such cases. The theoretical contribution of the research is expected to enhance the understanding of wrongful acts in curator actions. Practically, the research results are anticipated to offer new perspectives for legal researchers and practitioners, as well as guidance for those involved in bankruptcy cases, emphasizing the principles of justice, legal utility, and legal certainty. The research has the potential to enrich legal insights related to bankruptcy and support the improvement of legal policies and practices in facing bankruptcy challenges.
Perlindungan Hukum Kreditur Selaku Penerima Fidusia Atas Jaminan Fidusia Berupa Truk yang Disita Untuk Negara (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Tanjung Redeb Nomor:9/PDT.BTH/2019/PN.TNR) Dwiandi Adam, Achmad Ricky; Adam, Richard C.
UNES Law Review Vol. 6 No. 3 (2024): UNES LAW REVIEW (Maret 2024)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Ekasakti Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/unesrev.v6i3.1900

Abstract

A number of regulations include legal protection for legal subjects, both preventive and enforcement, which can be in the form of written or unwritten regulations. In the context of selling objects used as fiduciary collateral, creditors can be legally protected if the state confiscates the object. Fiduciary, essentially, involves transferring ownership rights to an item in the belief that the owner of the item will retain control of it. However, the state can confiscate items that are the subject of fiduciary guarantees if they are used for unlawful activities. Attention to this matter is important for finance companies which may experience losses due to state confiscation of objects used as fiduciary collateral.
Public Accountant's Responsibility for Violations of Financial Statements of PT Asuransi Jiwa Adisarana Wanaartaha Anderson, Anderson; Adam, Richard C.
International Journal of Social Service and Research Vol. 3 No. 6 (2023): International Journal of Social Service and Research (IJSSR)
Publisher : Ridwan Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46799/ijssr.v3i6.430

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the responsibility of public accountants in presenting financial reports for the 2014-2019 financial year of PT Asuransi Jiwa Adisarana Waanaartha. The research method used is normative legal research, which focuses on the analysis of legal documents, regulations and guidelines relating to the responsibilities of public accountants. This study examines the responsibilities of public accountants related to the presentation of financial statements of life insurance companies. In the context of PT Asuransi Jiwa Adisarana Wanaartha, public accountants have a responsibility to ensure that the financial statements presented comply with applicable accounting standards and accurately represent the company's financial position. The results of the study show that public accountants have an obligation to carry out professional and independent audit work. They must follow applicable accounting guidelines and standards, such as Financial Accounting Standards (SAK) and Public Accountant Professional Standards (SPAP). This research also highlights the importance of transparency and accountability in the presentation of financial reports. This assists stakeholders, including investors, governments, and the general public, in making informed, data-based decisions. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of the responsibility of public accountants in presenting the financial statements for the 2014-2019 financial year of PT Asuransi Jiwa Adisarana Wanaartaha accurately, transparently, and in accordance with applicable accounting standards. This research contributes to understanding legal and normative aspects related to the duties and responsibilities of public accountants in the context of the life insurance industry.
Reevaluating Actio Pauliana: Between Legal Norms and Practical Realities Elfayet , Danitia; Adam, Richard C.
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren Vol 7 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren
Publisher : PPPM, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum (STIH) Biak-Papua

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46924/jihk.v7i1.308

Abstract

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Reevaluating Actio Pauliana: Between Legal Norms and Practical Realities Elfayet , Danitia; Adam, Richard C.
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren Vol 7 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren
Publisher : PPPM, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum (STIH) Biak-Papua

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46924/jihk.v7i1.308

Abstract

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Perlindungan Hukum Pemegang Saham Publik Akibat Dilusi Kepemilikan Saham Pasca Pelaksanaan Penambahan Modal Tanpa Hak Memesan Efek Terlebih Dahulu Chen, Zefanya Angellin; Adam, Richard C.
Legal Standing : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 9 No. 5 (2025): Legal Standing
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24269/ls.v9i5.12539

Abstract

Capital Increase Without Preemptive Rights (PMTHMETD) is a measure taken by the Company to increase capital without offering new shares to existing shareholders in order to implement a settlement plan. Legally, PMTHMETD is regulated in the 2007 Company Law and POJK 14./2019. However, the implementation of PMTMETD results in share dilution for shareholders, especially for public shareholders who are not involved in the voting process. This mechanism often causes dilution of share ownership, especially for public shares owned by the public, who have relatively lower voting rights compared to Majority Shareholders, and especially in the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) as a form of approval of the settlement plan. The 2007 UUPT and POJK 14./2019 regulate the mechanism for issuing new shares, but these provisions do not provide substantive protection for public shareholders because public shareholders are in a position to accept without being given the right to make decisions, while majority/controlling shareholders are involved in the decision-making process to approve the settlement plan and are aware of the risks of share ownership dilution. As a result, public shareholders are often in a passive position, accepting policies without the right to make decisions. This study aims to analyze the form of legal protection for public shareholders whose shares are diluted after the implementation of capital increases without preemptive rights. Considering that the settlement plan is a legal product, public shareholders are in a dilemma of not accepting the Company's actions. The type of research used is normative juridical with a literature study using primary, secondary, and tertiary materials and qualitative data. The results of the study will describe the obstacles and forms of legal protection for public shareholders to obtain equality and legal protection.
Predatory Pricing dalam Ekosistem Perdagangan Digital di Indonesia: Analisis Faktor Penghambat dan Model Ideal Pengaturan yang Berkeadilan Leeland, Derryl; Adam, Richard C.
Riwayat: Educational Journal of History and Humanities Vol 8, No 4 (2025): Oktober, In proggress
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/jr.v8i4.49901

Abstract

Perdagangan digital di Indonesia telah berkembang pesat dan menjadi tulang punggung ekonomi modern, terutama melalui platform e-commerce yang menawarkan efisiensi dan akses pasar luas. Namun, pertumbuhan ini juga memunculkan praktik persaingan usaha tidak sehat berupa predatory pricing, yaitu strategi penetapan harga di bawah biaya produksi untuk menguasai pasar dan menyingkirkan pesaing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hambatan normatif dan praktis dalam penegakan hukum predatory pricing serta merumuskan model pengaturan ideal yang berkeadilan. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hambatan normatif meliputi ketidakjelasan definisi harga pokok, perdebatan antara pendekatan rule of reason dan per se, keterbatasan yurisdiksi terhadap pelaku usaha asing, serta ketiadaan pedoman teknis dari KPPU. Hambatan praktis mencakup kesulitan pembuktian karena data biaya perusahaan bersifat rahasia, dinamika promosi digital yang temporer, dominasi modal besar yang memungkinkan cross-subsidization, hingga tantangan penegakan lintas batas. Dalam perbandingan dengan Amerika Serikat, Uni Eropa, dan China, terlihat bahwa pengaturan predatory pricing di Indonesia masih tertinggal, terutama terkait transparansi data dan pengawasan terhadap platform digital besar. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menyimpulkan perlunya model regulasi predatory pricing yang jelas, terukur, dan kontekstual, dengan memperkuat kapasitas KPPU serta mengedepankan keseimbangan antara perlindungan UKM, konsumen, dan inovasi bisnis digita
Developers' Immunity Rights in Debt Payment Deferrals for Legal Certainty: Hak Imunitas Pengembang dalam Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang untuk Kepastian Hukum Heng, Richard Jemiel; Adam, Richard C.
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i4.1325

Abstract

General background: The property sector, as a key pillar of Indonesia’s national economy, frequently encounters complex legal disputes between developers and consumers, particularly regarding debt obligations. Specific background: The Debt Payment Obligation Deferral (PKPU) mechanism under Law No. 37 of 2004 is designed to ensure legal certainty in debt restructuring. However, the requirement of simple evidence often complicates its application in property-related disputes. The Supreme Court addressed this through Circular Letter (SEMA) No. 3 of 2023, which effectively excludes developers from PKPU eligibility. Knowledge gap: Despite this policy’s practical significance, limited research has analyzed its normative legality and procedural implications. Aims: This study examines the legal nature of developers’ procedural immunity and the juridical consequences of PKPU revocation at the cassation level. Results: Findings reveal that the immunity arises from judicial activism that transfers dispute resolution from commercial to general civil courts and that PKPU revocation has a retroactive effect (restitutio in integrum), nullifying all related settlements. Novelty: The research introduces a conceptualization of procedural immunity in insolvency law, reflecting judicial policy intervention beyond legislative text. Implications: The study underscores the urgency of legislative reform to define simple proof criteria and to establish adaptive dispute resolution mechanisms for the property sector. Highlights: Establishes procedural immunity for developers through SEMA No. 3 of 2023. Highlights retroactive legal effects of PKPU revocation by the Supreme Court. Urges legislative reform to clarify simple proof standards in insolvency law. Keywords: Immunity Rights, Developers, PKPU, Legal Certainty, Judicial Activism  
Debtors Deferring Debt Payment Obligations and Repeated Appeals in the Perspective of Legal Certainty: Debitor Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang dan Kasasi Berulang dalam Perspektif Kepastian Hukum Ananda, Hauwra; Adam, Richard C.
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i4.1331

Abstract

General Background: The Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) serves as a preventive legal mechanism in Indonesian economic law, allowing debtors to restructure obligations and avoid bankruptcy. Specific Background: However, after the Constitutional Court Decision No. 23/PUU-XIX/2021, which opened the possibility of cassation against PKPU rulings, debtors began to exploit this right, filing multiple cassations that delay dispute resolution. Knowledge Gap: Law No. 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and PKPU does not explicitly regulate the frequency or limits of cassation filings, creating a normative void and inconsistency in judicial interpretation. Aims: This study aims to analyze legal obstacles and identify appropriate normative frameworks for regulating repeated cassation filings from the perspective of legal certainty. Results: The findings reveal that multiple cassations by debtors contradict the principles of procedural finality, efficiency, and fairness, undermining creditors’ rights and the integrity of commercial court processes. Novelty: The study highlights the urgent need for explicit legislative or Supreme Court guidelines limiting cassation frequency in PKPU to prevent abuse of process. Implications: Strengthening legal certainty in PKPU procedures through regulatory reform will ensure fairness, procedural clarity, and balance between debtor and creditor rights within Indonesia’s commercial justice system. Highlights:   Repeated cassation filings undermine the principle of legal finality. Lack of clear regulation in Law No. 37 of 2004 creates legal uncertainty. Reform is needed to limit cassation frequency and ensure procedural fairness. Keywords: PKPU, Cassation, Legal Certainty, Debtor-Creditor, Normative Gap  
Validity of Suspension of Debt Payment Petition Rejected Due to Claim Value: Permohonan Penangguhan Pembayaran Utang Ditolak karena Nilai Klaim Jonatan, Frangky; Adam, Richard C.
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i4.1332

Abstract

General Background: The Suspension of Debt Payment Obligation (PKPU) is an essential legal mechanism within Indonesia’s bankruptcy system that aims to provide debtors the opportunity to restructure their debts and avoid insolvency. Specific Background: However, in practice, several commercial courts have rejected PKPU applications based on the perceived small value of claims, even though Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and PKPU does not stipulate any minimum claim value as a prerequisite. Knowledge Gap: This inconsistency has created legal uncertainty and raised questions about the validity of such rejections in relation to the principles of justice and legal certainty. Aims: This study analyzes the legal basis and validity of PKPU rejections based on claim value and evaluates their conformity with the principles of justice and legal certainty in Indonesian law. Results: The normative legal analysis reveals that rejecting PKPU applications based solely on claim value lacks legal foundation, as it contradicts Article 222 of the Bankruptcy and PKPU Law, which only requires the existence of more than one creditor and a due and payable debt. Novelty: This research provides a comprehensive assessment of the normative gap causing judicial inconsistency in PKPU practices. Implications: The findings emphasize the need for regulatory reform or judicial guidelines to ensure that the PKPU mechanism is applied consistently, fairly, and in support of national legal and economic stability. Highlights:   Legal inconsistency arises from rejecting PKPU based on claim value. Such rejection contradicts Article 222 of the Bankruptcy and PKPU Law. Reform is needed to ensure fairness and consistency in commercial court practice. Keywords: PKPU, Bankruptcy Law, Legal Certainty, Justice, Claim Value    
Co-Authors Ananda, Hauwra Anderson, Anderson Andinda, Chica Octa Chen, Zefanya Angellin Dwiandi Adam, Achmad Ricky Elfayet , Danitia Heng, Richard Jemiel Jessica Tanuwijaya, Jessica Jonatan, Frangky Leeland, Derryl Marrietta, Donita Marsha Nastity, Sally Dian Patricia, Tiara Valoka, Metta Wijaya, Chelsea Angellica