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I Putu Eka Suardana
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Journal : Focus Journal Language Review

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An Analysis of Denotative and Connotative Meanings in College Students’ Interaction Alfridus Kofi Talan; Adrianus Gude; I Putu Eka Suardana
Focus Journal : Language Review Vol 3 No 1 (2025): Focus Journal Language Review
Publisher : Universitas Bali Dwipa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62795/fjlg.v3i1.284

Abstract

This study, entitled An Analysis of Denotative and Connotative Meanings in College Students’ Interaction, aims to explore how college students use and interpret language in terms of its literal (denotative) and implied (connotative) meanings during their daily communication. Language plays a critical role in interpersonal interaction, and understanding how meaning is constructed and conveyed is essential in a college setting where communication occurs across academic, social, and cultural contexts. The research focuses on identifying the types of words and expressions students commonly use, analyzing how these are understood both literally and contextually, and examining the potential for miscommunication caused by differing interpretations of connotative meanings. The data were collected through observation and documentation of natural conversations among English Department students at Bali Dwipa University, followed by a semantic analysis based on theories of meaning. The findings reveal that while students are generally aware of denotative meanings, they frequently rely on connotative meanings to express emotions, attitudes, or social alignment. However, varied personal and cultural backgrounds sometimes lead to misinterpretation, particularly with words or phrases that carry strong emotional or cultural connotations. The study concludes that there are 20 utterances highlighting the rich interplay between denotative and connotative meanings in everyday student communication. While the denotative meanings provide a straightforward, literal understanding of the expressions, it is the connotative meanings that reveal deeper social, emotional, and relational nuances. An increased awareness of both denotative and connotative meanings can improve communication effectiveness and reduce misunderstandings in academic and informal settings.
The Analysis of Idiomatic Expressions Found in “Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland and Through To The Looking Glass” Ni Mentari Sonia Kristin; I Putu Eka Suardana; Ni Nyoman Ayu Tri Hidayanti
Focus Journal : Language Review Vol 3 No 1 (2025): Focus Journal Language Review
Publisher : Universitas Bali Dwipa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62795/fjlg.v3i1.326

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the types of idioms and meanings in the novel entitled Alice Adventure in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass. Idiomatic expressions are part of the elements of the English language, it needs to be mastered by Englishlearners because idioms are often found orally and in writing and communication. With the explanation above, Novel Alice In Wonderland can be used as a source for learning idiom because this novel is written in English language like in explain above idiomatic expression are part of the elements of the English language. This study was used qualitative descriptive method to analysis idiomatic expression on Alice Adventure in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass. The researcher used the theory from Adelnia & Dastjerdi (2011) to find out form of idiomatic expression and the theory from Fernando (1996) to analyze meaning of idiomatic expression. The result of this research based on the data finding the total of form idiomatic expression are 60 idiomatic expressions. So, total of classified of form idiomatic expression is 10 colloquialism, 2 proverbs, 4 slang, 2 Allusion, 42 phrasal verbs. Based on the data there finding the total of meaning idiomatic expression are 60 idiomatic expressions. So, total of classified of type meaning idiomatic expression is 29 transparent idioms, 11 semi-transparent idioms, 12 semi-opaque idioms, 8 opaque idioms.
The Analysis of Sense and Reference in The Dialogues Used by Spa Trainers in Silversand Resort and Spa Grenada Ni Putu Dewi Indrayati; I Putu Eka Suardana; Komang Astiari
Focus Journal : Language Review Vol 3 No 1 (2025): Focus Journal Language Review
Publisher : Universitas Bali Dwipa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62795/fjlg.v3i1.327

Abstract

This study explores the Semantics dimensions of language employed by spa trainers in their professional interactions with clients. Using a qualitative approach, the research focuses on two key aspects of Semantics: sense, which examines the intrinsic meaning of linguistic expressions, and reference, which investigates the relationship between these expressions and their real-world referents. The objective is to uncover how spa trainers utilize these dimensions to enhance communication effectiveness, foster client trust, and create a welcoming environment. The data were collected through audio recordings of client-trainer interactions, field observations, and semi-structured interviews with spa trainers. The findings reveal that spa trainers strategically use descriptive and sensory language, metaphors, and a professional tone to evoke vivid mental imagery and establish emotional connections with clients, aligning with the dimension of sense. Similarly, the trainers employ clear and specific references, deictic expressions, and contextual adaptations to connect abstract linguistic expressions to tangible realities, ensuring that clients understand the services offered. The study highlights the interplay between sense and reference in professional communication, demonstrating how their balanced use contributes to client satisfaction and service quality.
Analysis Of Figurative Language Used In Poem Written By Emily Dickinson Remigius Astanjo; I Made Juliarta; I Putu Eka Suardana
Focus Journal : Language Review Vol 3 No 1 (2025): Focus Journal Language Review
Publisher : Universitas Bali Dwipa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62795/fjlg.v3i1.328

Abstract

This research aims to explore the use of figurative language in Emily Dickinson's poems through a theoretical study approach, providing new insights into the aesthetic richness and meaning of these classic literary works. The study analyzes various types of figurative language in Dickinson's poetry, specifically focusing on simile, metaphor, personification, paradox, and hyperbole. A qualitative research method is employed, with data collected from books and online sources related to literature and poetry. The researcher examines Dickinson’s poems by reading, identifying, understanding, and drawing conclusions about the use of figurative language. The findings indicate that figurative language in Dickinson’s poetry plays a crucial role in engaging readers, prompting them to think and imagine deeply. Additionally, the historical context and biography of the poet offer valuable insights into how literary works reflect and respond to both social and personal circumstances. The study also recommends conducting comparative research between Dickinson’s poetry and that of other female poets from the same period or those with similar literary styles. These recommendations aim to guide students, researchers, and academic institutions in studying literature, particularly in understanding how language is used to convey ideas and create a distinctive literary experience for readers.
PHILOSOPHY OF THE TEXT “THE LEGEND OF BUKIT FAFINESU” FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMIC LINGUISTICS Oktavianus Kaka; I Putu Eka Suardana; Ni Nyoman Ayu Tri Hidayanti
Focus Journal : Language Review Vol 3 No 1 (2025): Focus Journal Language Review
Publisher : Universitas Bali Dwipa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62795/fjlg.v3i1.334

Abstract

The text "Legend of Fafinesu Hill" is a narrative text originating from the Province of East Nusa Tenggara. This text contains conditions of meaning that are still held by the local community. This study aims to explore the noble values ​​conveyed in the text through complex clauses. The theory used to dissect the noble values ​​of this text is the theory of complex clauses from the theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics. This study uses a qualitative approach, grounded theory. The data sources taken from the text, namely sentences categorized as complex clauses. The results of this study indicate that this text teaches us to be grateful to God. In addition to into, this text teaches us to make sacrifices sincerely. This research is an applied language research so that the results of this study are useful for education, discourse studies, semiotics, and sociolinguistics.
THE ANALYSIS OF MAXIMS FOUND IN THE NOVEL “NEVER GO BACK”: THE ANALYSIS OF MAXIMS FOUND IN THE NOVEL “NEVER GO BACK” I Putu Eka Suardana
Focus Journal : Language Review Vol 1 No 2 (2022): July 2022
Publisher : Universitas Bali Dwipa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62795/fjlg.v1i2.24

Abstract

The novel Never Go Back is a best selling novel written by Lee Child. He is one of the world’s leading thriller writers. The novel is sold somewhere in the world every twenty seconds. The second Jack Reacher film starring Tom Cruise, based on this novel, is out in October 2016. It consistently achieves the number-one slot in hardback and paperback on bestseller lists on both sides of the Atlantic, and is published in over one hundred territories. He is the recipient of many prizes, most recently the CWA’s Diamond Dagger for writer of an outstanding body of crime fiction. He was born in Coventry, brought up in Birmingham, and now lives in New York. The uses of maxims are found in a number of utterances of the novel. The aim of the research is to analyze the uses of those ones in the novel’s utterances. They are maxim of quality, maxim of quantity, maxim of relation, and maxim of manner. The research method used in the research is qualitative method. According to Grice in Leech (1983: 7-8), there is a general assumption underpinning all utterances interpretations. The interpretation is guided by a cooperative principle, in which a speaker and a hearer are engaged in some shared goals. Then, the elements of those cooperative principles are called maxims. There are four kinds of maxims. Firstly, maxim of quality, it is meant that do not say what you believe to be false. You are not expected to say lack adequate evidence. Secondly, maxim of quantity, it requires your contribution as informative as is required. Thirdly, maxim of relation, it requires your contribution to be relevant. Fourthly, maxim of manner, it is meant that your contribution must be perspicuous and brief. It also avoids obscurity of expression and ambiguity. The aim of the study is: (i) to find out maxims in the novel, (ii) to classify the maxims, (iii) to analyze the kinds of each maxim.
THE ANALYSIS OF VERBAL ELLIPSIS FOUND IN THE STORY BOOK OF “THE BOYHOOD OF RONGGOWARSITO” I Putu Eka Suardana
Focus Journal : Language Review Vol 2 No 1 (2022): Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Universitas Bali Dwipa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62795/fjlg.v2i1.39

Abstract

This research entitled The Analysis of Verbal Ellipsis Found in The Story Book of “The Boyhood of Ronggowarsitoaimed at analyzing and classifying the classification of verbal ellipsis’s types in each text of story book entitled The Boyhood of Ronggowarsito. The primary data was taken from the English textbook ofThe Boyhood of Ronggowarsito(1991).The main theory used in this study was taken from the book entitled Cohesion in English(1975) by M.A.K Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasan. They stated that ellipsis is the omission of an item of a sentence on the assumption which an earlier sentence will make the meaning clear. They classify ellipsis into three types: nominal ellipsis, verbal ellipsis and clausal ellipsis. However, the focus of the research was only on the analysis of verbal ellipsis. The research method used in the research is qualitative research. The required data were classified and analyzed based on the classification of verbal ellipsis. Verbal ellipsis consisted of lexical verbal ellipsis and operator verbal ellipsis. The findings showed that verbal ellipsis consisted of lexical verbal ellipsis and operator verbal ellipsis, where lexical verbal ellipsis is marked by the omission of final element meanwhile, operator verbal ellipsis is marked by the omission of initial element.
Language Contact Phenomena: A Case Study of Indonesian-English Code-Switching in Social Media Communication: Language Contact Phenomena: A Case Study of Indonesian-English Code-Switching in Social Media Communication Muhammad Adha Manuhutu; Ananda Intan Rahmadani; I Putu Eka Suardana
Focus Journal : Language Review Vol 2 No 2 (2024): Focus Journal Language Review
Publisher : Universitas Bali Dwipa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62795/fjlg.v2i2.291

Abstract

This study examines the phenomenon of Indonesian-English code-switching in social media communication, focusing on patterns, motivations, and sociolinguistic implications. Through analysis of social media posts across multiple platforms, this research identifies common patterns of code-switching and explores how bilingual Indonesian speakers navigate between languages in digital spaces. The findings suggest that code- switching serves various pragmatic and social functions, reflecting both linguistic competence and cultural identity in the modern Indonesian digital landscape. This research investigates Indonesian-English code-switching in social media, emphasizing patterns, motivations, and sociolinguistic implications. By analyzing posts across diverse platforms, it identifies recurring linguistic patterns and uncovers how bilingual Indonesian speakers dynamically alternate between languages in digital contexts. This study examines Indonesian-English code-switching in social media communication, focusing on its patterns, motivations, and sociolinguistic implications. Through an analysis of posts across diverse platforms, it identifies recurring linguistic trends and explores how bilingual Indonesian speakers fluidly alternate between languages in digital contexts.
Comparison of the Concept of Politeness in Language in a Pragmatic Perspective: A Literature Review of the Theories of Politeness Strategy , Ni Luh Putu Setianingsih; I Made Juliarta; I Putu Eka Suardana
Focus Journal : Language Review Vol 3 No 2 (2025): Focus Journal Language Review
Publisher : Universitas Bali Dwipa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62795/fjlg.v3i2.407

Abstract

This study examines the comparative conceptualization of language politeness in a pragmatic perspective through a systematic literature study approach to contemporary politeness strategy theories. A descriptive qualitative methodology was used to analyze academic publications for the 2020-2024 period related to linguistic politeness. The findings reveal that the Brown- Levinson theory remains the dominant paradigm, but it requires adaptation to diverse cultural and situational contexts. Comparative analysis shows significant variability in the implementation of politeness strategies based on communication medium, social hierarchy, and cultural orientation. The context of digital communication presents new challenges that require theoretical reformulation to accommodate the unique characteristics of virtual interactions. The theoretical implications point to the need to develop an integrative model that harmonizes universal principles with local particularities in the analysis of pragmatic linguistic politeness. The findings indicate that Brown and Levinson’s (1987) theory of politeness continues to serve as the dominant paradigm in politeness research due to its structured categorization of positive and negative politeness strategies. However, despite its enduring influence, the theory shows limitations when applied to diverse cultural and situational contexts, particularly in non-Western societies where norms of interpersonal interaction often diverge from its original assumptions.  
The Analysis of Connotative Meaning in Taylor Swift’s Song Lyrics , Paulina Bura Kaka; Emi Mura Isu; I Putu Eka Suardana
Focus Journal : Language Review Vol 3 No 2 (2025): Focus Journal Language Review
Publisher : Universitas Bali Dwipa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62795/fjlg.v3i2.426

Abstract

This research investigates the connotative meanings found within selected Taylor Swift song lyrics to explore the emotional, symbolic, and cultural dimensions that extend beyond their literal meanings. The study focused on ten songs from the years 2010 to 2022, purposefully chosen from albums like Red, 1989, Reputation, and Folklore due to their rich thematic content and lyrical complexity. As the data comprised only textual lyrics, no human participants were involved. Employing a qualitative descriptive design, the researcher transcribed the lyrics and conducted an in-depth analysis based on Leech’s (1974) theory of connotative meaning. This involved examining metaphorical phrases, emotionally expressive vocabulary, and culturally significant references. The analysis revealed that Swift consistently incorporates connotative language to express intricate emotions such as longing, heartbreak, empowerment, and nostalgia. Her lyrics also present ideas related to identity, personal development, romantic dynamics, and societal issues, deepening the interpretive experience for listeners. Ultimately, the study highlights how Swift’s strategic use of connotation enhances the emotional resonance and narrative strength of her music, offering meaningful insights into the interplay between language and meaning in popular song lyrics.
Co-Authors , Ida Ayu Kade Dewi Artini , Ni Luh Putu Setianingsih , Paulina Bura Kaka Adrianus Gude Alfridus Kofi Talan Ananda Intan Rahmadani Dewa Made Agustawan . Emi Mura Isu I Gede Angga Supriana I Made Juliarta Komang Astiari Muhammad Adha Manuhutu Ni Mentari Sonia Kristin Ni Nyoman Ayu Tri Hidayanti Ni Putu Dewi Indrayati Oktavianus Kaka Remigius Astanjo