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All Journal JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE Advances In Social Humanities Research JURNAL TEKNOLOGI, KESEHATAN DAN ILMU SOSIAL
Farhan, Reza
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Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Education Engineering Health Professions Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences

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The Principle of Freedom of Contract In Practice: Between The Theory and Reality of Economic Inequality in Indonesia Makaarim, Arvhia Marella; Sabrina, Almas; Farhan, Reza
Advances In Social Humanities Research Vol. 3 No. 5 (2025): Advances In Social Humanities Research
Publisher : Sahabat Publikasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46799/adv.v3i5.435

Abstract

The principle of freedom of contract, rooted in classical individualism and adopted into the Indonesian legal system via Dutch civil law, grants parties the liberty to create agreements based on mutual consent. While this principle remains fundamental in Indonesian contract law—as enshrined in Article 1338 of the Civil Code—it is not absolute. In practice, especially within business relationships involving micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and large corporations, significant disparities in bargaining power challenge the ideal of contractual equality. Empirical findings indicate that MSMEs often face one-sided contract terms due to their weaker economic position, lack of legal resources, and limited access to capital. This study aims to critically examine the implementation of the principle of freedom of contract in Indonesia, particularly regarding its impact on MSMEs. Using a juridical-normative method and a legislative approach, combined with case study analysis, the research explores the gap between legal theory and economic reality. The findings reveal that while the freedom of contract remains theoretically intact, its execution frequently undermines the position of weaker parties. The study suggests reconstructing the application of this principle within the framework of social justice, recommending enhanced regulation of standard contracts, fair contract guidelines, and an active role for the state in protecting MSMEs. These efforts are essential to ensure that contractual freedom functions not only as a legal doctrine but as a tool for equitable and inclusive economic participation.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI GEL EKSTRAK PINING BAWANG (Hornstedtia alliacea) PADA MENCIT(Mus musculus) YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENAN 1% Yulisma, Ardhana; Khatami, Khatami; Farhan, Reza; Hafiz, Hafiz
JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE Vol 7, No 2 (2021): OKTOBER 2021
Publisher : Universitas Ubudiyah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33143/jhtm.v7i2.4218

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk Mengetahui konsentrasi gel ekstrak pining bawang yang memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi pada mencit jantan yang diinduksi karagenan. Pining bawang (Horstedtia alliacea) adalah tanaman anggota ginger (Zingiberaceae) yang tumbuh di daerah tropis termasuk Halmanera. Pining bawang biasanya dimanfaatkan sebagai pemasok energi untuk berburu di hutan, mengobati luka dan infeksi, buah bijinya dikonsumsi oleh anak- anak dan dewasa. Manfaat darri penelitian ini adalah Penelitian ini dapat memberikan informasi ilmiah dan kebenaran kepada masyarakat mengenai efek antiinflamasi dari tumbuhan pining bawang, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif pengobatan inflamasi. pining bawang mengandung senyawa flavonoid, minyak atsiri dan beberapa senyawa lainya yang bermanfaat sebagai antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini membuat tiga formula sampel dengan bahan aktif ekstrak pining bawang dengan komposisi 0 (kontrol negatif), formula I 5%, formula II 10%, formula III 15% dan natrium diklofenak (kontrol positif) menggunakan metode maserasi, dengan interval waktu 30 menit selama 8 kali pengulangan setiap suspensi. Daya hambat udema pada kelompok FIII (15% ekstrak pining bawang) memiliki kecenderungan sama dengan kelompok K+ (Na- Diklofenak). Sedangkan pada dosis uji yang paling rendah daya hambat udema yaitu pada kelompok FI (5% ekstrak pining bawang). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu Pemberian gel ekstrak pining bawang dapat menunjukkan aktivitas antiinflamasi pada mencit yang diinduksi karagenan. Gel ekstrak pining bawang pada konsentrasi 15% merupakan konsentrasi yang memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi paling baik dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi 10% dan 5% dan Hasil analisis gel ekstrak pining bawang memiliki konsentrasi tepat sebagai antiinflamasi.Kata Kunci :edema; mencit; ekstrak etanol; pining bawang. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of onion pining extract gel which has anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced male mice. Pining onion (Horstedtia alliacea) is a member of the ginger plant (Zingiberaceae) that grows in tropical areas including Halmanera. Pining onion is usually used as an energy supplier for hunting in the forest, treating wounds and infections, the seeds are consumed by children and adults. The benefit of this research is that this research can provide scientific and truthful information to the public regarding the anti-inflammatory effects of the pining onion plant, so that it can be used as an alternative inflammatory treatment. Pining onions contain flavonoid compounds, essential oils and several other compounds that are useful as anti-inflammatory. This study made three sample formulas with the active ingredient of pining onion extract with composition 0 (negative control), formula I 5%, formula II 10%, formula III 15% and diclofenac sodium (positive control) using the maceration method, with an interval of 30 minutes. for 8 repetitions of each suspension. Inhibition of edema in the FIII group (15% pining onion extract) had the same tendency as the K+ group (Na-Diclofenac). Meanwhile, at the lowest test dose the inhibition of edema was in the FI group (5% onion pining extract). The conclusion of this study is that administration of pining onion extract gel can show anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced mice. Pining onion extract gel at a concentration of 15% is the concentration that has the best anti-inflammatory activity compared to concentrations of 10% and 5%Keywords: edema, mice, ethanol extract, onion pining 
Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Sediaan Hair Tonic Ekstrak buah pare (Momordica charantia L.) Pada Pertumbuhan Rambut Kelinci Syafriadi, Syafriadi; Farhan, Reza; Khatami, M; Hafizh, Hafizh
JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE Vol 9, No 2 (2023): Oktober 2023
Publisher : Universitas Ubudiyah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33143/jhtm.v9i2.4202

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa flavonoid dan saponin yang terdapat pada buah pare yang sangat bagus sebagai perangsang rambut. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental. Sediaan hair tonic dibuat dengan menambahkan ekstrak buah pare dengan variasikosentrasi yaitu 5g (F1), 10g (F2), 15g (F3) dan sebagai blangko (F0). Pengujian terhadap sediaan hair tonicmeliputi uji organoleptic, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji iritasi dan uji aktifitas pertumbuhan rambut. Sediaan hair tonic stabil dalam penyimpanan dan homogenitas, pH sediaan (5,7-6,4) dan tidak terdapat kemerahan atau bengkak dikulit pada saat pemakaian sediaan. Hasil dari pertumbuhan rambut yaitu 5,0mm (F1), 5,6mm (F2), 6,7mm (F3) dan 4,3mm (F0). Hasil tersebut diketahui bahwa semakin tinggi kosentrasi maka semakin tinggi pula tingkat aktivitas pertumbuhan pada rambut dan hair tonicdengan penambahan ekstrak buah pare (Momordica charantia L.) dengan konsentrasi 15% (F3) mempunyai aktivitas terbaik dalam pertumbuhan rambut kelinci.Kata Kunci : rambut, kelinci, ekstrak etanol, buah pareThis study aims to determine the content of flavonoid and saponin compounds in bitter melon which is very good as a hair stimulant. The research was conducted experimentally. Hair tonic preparations were made by adding bitter melon extract with various concentrations, namely 5g (F1), 10g (F2), 15g (F3) and as blank (F0). Tests on hair tonic preparations include organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, irritation test and hair growth activity test. The hair tonic preparation is stable in storage and homogeneity, the pH of the preparation is (5.7-6.4) and there is no redness or swelling of the skin when using the preparation. The results of hair growth are 5.0mm (F1), 5.6mm (F2), 6.7mm (F3) and 4.3mm (F0). The results showed that the higher the concentration, the higher the level of hair growth activity and hair tonic with the addition of bitter melon fruit extract (Momordica charantia L.) with a concentration of 15% (F3) had the best activity in rabbit hair growth.Keywords: hair, rabbit, ethanol extract, bitter melon Reference: Books and Journals
FORMULASI SEDIAAN SHAMPO EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN ADAM HAWA (Rhoeo discolor) SEBAGAI ANTIKETOMBE Ginting, Ferdinand Paulus; Purba, Sondang; Ike Dameria Br Purba, Hana; Farhan, Reza
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KESEHATAN DAN ILMU SOSIAL (TEKESNOS) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2021): JURNAL TEKNOLOGI, KESEHATAN DAN ILMU SOSIAL (TEKESNOS)
Publisher : Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Background: Dandruff is a problem that is often experienced which is the role of microorganisms such as fungi. Pityrosporum ovale is a fungus that causes dandruff in hair. One way to increase activity is to make anti-dandruff shampoo preparations from adam hawa leaves which contain anthocyanins flavonoid compounds and leaf chlorophyll pigments that have antimicrobial activity. Methods: This type of research is an experimental study by conducting a preliminary test on the antifungal activity of the extract of the leaves of adam hawa (Rhoeo discolor) and continued with testing the antifungal activity of anti-dandruff shampoo preparations. The shampoo is made with a blank formula and with the best concentration of adam hawa leaf extract in inhibiting the fungus Pityrosporum ovale. Then the stability test was carried out by evaluating several parameters including organoleptic tests, pH tests, viscosity tests as well as high and foam stability tests. Results: The results showed that the leaf extract of adam hawa (Rhoeo discolor) had the best antifungal activity at a concentration of 90% and met the requirements of organoleptic test, pH test, high foam test and viscosity test. The presence of an inhibitory zone activity, the results of testing the antifungal activity of the shampoo preparations of adam hawa leaf extract (Rhoeo discolor) showed that the shampoo preparation with a concentration of 90% had antifungal activity although it was in the weak category and could be used as an anti-dandruff shampoo.
Co-Authors Ardhana Yulisma Ginting, Ferdinand Paulus Hafiz Hafiz Hafizh, Hafizh Ike Dameria Br Purba, Hana Khatami, Khatami Khatami, M Makaarim, Arvhia Marella Purba, Sondang Sabrina, Almas Syafriadi Syafriadi