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The Representation of Symbols in Wolfgang Borchert's Short Story Nachts Schlafen Die Ratten Noch Putri, Calista; Surya, Rismauliya Melati; Syahyananda, Jovita; Rosyidah
Proceeding of International Conference on Education, Language, Literacies, and Literary Studies (ICONELS) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Interdisciplinary Approaches to Language, Literature and Linguistics in Digital
Publisher : Nexus Publishing NXP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63011/iconels.v2i1.64

Abstract

This article explores the representation of symbols in Wolfgang Borchert’s short story Nachts schlafen die Ratten noch, which reflects the social and psychological conditions of post-war German society. The story portrays trauma, grief, and subtle hope through simple yet powerful symbols. Symbols such as urban ruins, rats, and characters are analyzed to uncover deeper meanings related to themes of trauma, humanity, and hope. This study adopts a qualitative approach, using literature review as the primary method. Stuart Hall’s theory of representation and Charles Sanders Peirce’s theory of signs provide the theoretical foundation to examine how symbols construct meaning. The analysis reveals that the symbols in this short story not only reflect post-war realities but also convey universal humanistic messages. Through this approach, the article highlights the essential role of symbolism in literature as a medium for expressing emotions, collective experiences, and social meanings that cannot always be conveyed explicitly.
Grammatical Errors of Perfekt Sentences in the Writing of 2nd Semester Students in Sprachkompetenz 2 Course Li’munawar, Istiqlal Masfirotul; Sufriono, Mutiara Feby; Rosyidah
Proceeding of International Conference on Education, Language, Literacies, and Literary Studies (ICONELS) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Interdisciplinary Approaches to Language, Literature and Linguistics in Digital
Publisher : Nexus Publishing NXP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63011/iconels.v2i1.74

Abstract

Grammatical errors often occur when learning a language. This study aims to identify the forms of errors made by students when writing essays using past tense or tempus perfekt in German. The research method used is qualitative method with content analysis data collection technique. The subjects of this study were 2nd semester students of the UM German language education study program who attended the Sprachkompetenz 2 course. Data sources were obtained from the results of essay assignments in the form of perfekt sentences about activities carried out at the end of the year. From the results of the study it can be concluded that there are 3 main forms of errors that are often made in grammatical writing errors using tempus perfekt, including: (1) position errors in the sentence, (2) inaccurate use of hilfsverb or auxiliary verb and verben or verb in the sentence, and (3) mismatch of cases used.