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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Jurnal Biologi Tropis Indonesian Physical Review Acta Chimica Asiana
Alawiyah, Geby
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Computer Science & IT Education Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Physics

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Synthesis of nanochitosan from oyster pearl shell (Pinctada maxima) as renewable energy candidate Rahayu, Susi; Alawiyah, Geby; Kurniawidi, Dian W.; Ardianto, Teguh; Budianto, Arif; Alaa, Siti; Syamsuddin, Syamsuddin
Acta Chimica Asiana Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : The Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and The University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/aca.v7i2.205

Abstract

The increase in energy needs must be balanced by environmentally friendly technological innovations. Chitosan polymer is one of the technological innovations of energy materials that are being developed by many developed countries. This research aimed to identify the potential of oyster pearl shell waste as a source of electrolyte polymers. The study was conducted experimentally by synthesizing chitosan nanoparticles from chitosan using the ionic gelation method. Chitosan is obtained through the isolation method from Pinctada maxima oyster pearl shell waste. The isolation method is carried out by three processes: deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation. Several characterizations were carried out to analyze the material from the synthesis, including a proximate test, FTIR analysis, and PSA analysis. Isolated chitosan was identified to have a deacetylation degree that reached 88.63% with the formation of OH and NH2 functional groups. In general, the proximate tets data has shown that the obtained chitosan already meets the Indonesian standard SNI 7949:2013. PSA analysis resulted in differences in size distribution, PDI, and zeta potential between chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles. The results were obtained by the average distribution of chitosan particle size of 52.043 μm and chitosan nanoparticle size of 2.3365 μm—the analysis of the potential zeta of chitosan -3.9 mV and chitosan nanoparticle -21,6 mV. Thus, changes in the size of the chitosan material affect its potential PDI and zeta values. The change of these two values is a good indicator of the initial data and the potential of the material as an energy material. Therefore, chitosan polymer is an electrolyte material that can be used as a candidate for environmentally friendly renewable energy materials
Isolation of Chitosan Biopolymer from Nacre (Pinctada maxima) as Bone Scaffold Candidate Taufik S, Ahmad; Alawiyah, Geby; Rahayu, Susi; Kurniawidi, Dian W; Handayana, I Gusti Ngurah Yudi; Cahyawati, Triyana Dyah; Purnaning, Dyah; Amin, Muhamad
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i1.44794

Abstract

The rising incidence of bone injuries necessitates researching and developing safe bone replacement materials. Chitosan biopolymer is one of the available materials. Because it is non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable, chitosan can be employed as a bone scaffold material. According to the European Pharmacopeia 6.0 (Eur: Ph 6.0), chitosan, with a deacetylation level of more than 70%, is safe for medicinal usage. The purpose of this research was to analyze the  characteristics of chitosan isolated from nacre and the influence of nacre powder mass  on the degree of deacetylation of  chitosan. Chitosan was extracted by the processes of deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation. Organoleptic tests, yield calculations for each stage, examination of the degree of deacetylation, creation of functional groups, and vibrational modes based on Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) data were performed on the isolated chitosan. The produced chitosan exhibited the properties of being beige color, odorless, and in powder form. The yield of insulation results obtained by the mass of chitosan. 3.7 % of the mass of nacre powder. The resultant chitosan has the formation of hydroxyl (OH) and amine (NH2) groups and vibrational stretching and bending modes. The variation in nacre powder mass throughout the isolation procedure altered the degree of deacetylation of the resultant chitosan and the wave number spectra of the hydroxyl (OH) and amine (NH2) groups. Chitosan, with a mass of 80 grams of nacre powder and a value of 76.94%, exhibited the highest degree of deacetylation. Considering that the functional groups generated in chitosan are comparable to those in bone, chitosan is a potential material for bone scaffolds.
The Study of Effectiveness of Chitosan from Pearl Oyster (Pinctada maxima) Shell as Antibacterial in Bone Scaffold Application Alaydrus, Mukaddam; Purnaning, Dyah; Ansyori, Maz Isa; Septiani, Nonik; Alawiyah, Geby; Rahayu, Susi; Taufik, Ahmad
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 1 (2025): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i1.8135

Abstract

Chitosan is a functional material with potential for bone scaffolds due to its antibacterial properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and ability to support tissue regeneration and prevent infections in graft implantation.This study aims to identify changes in functional groups in each isolation process and identify the effect of chitosan concentration  on the activity of Straphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Chitosan isolation methods are demineralization, deproteination, decolorization, and deacetylation by microwave irradiation. Analysis of chitosan functional groups using FTIR, while antibacterial activity test using diffusion method. Isolation of chitosan from pearl oyster shells (Pinctada maxima sp.) obtained a degree of deacetylation of chitosan of 95.37%. Pearl oyster shell powder identified typical peaks of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). The demineralized powder sample had calcium carbonate (CO₃²⁻) peaks that disappeared. Furthermore, the deproteinated powder sample produced peaks with amide groups (C=O dan N-H) of reduced protein. Decolorized powder samples did not show drastic changes in the bands of the deproteinated powder spectra, but the spectra could show cleaner and clearer peaks without any interference from pigments. The last, deacetylated powder sample showed a decrease in peak intensity in the 1650 cm⁻¹ (C=O amide). The analysis of the ability of chitosan to inhibit the growth of E. Coli and S. Aureus bacteria was effective at a minimum chitosan concentration of 20%. In comparison, antibacterial activity in S. aureus is better than in E. coli. Chitosan from this shell can serve as an antibacterial, but its manufacturing techniques need optimization for better efficacy.
FABRICATION OF CHITOSAN BIOPOLYMER FROM PEARL OYSTER SHELLS (Pinctada maxima) FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS Nurmaulida, Siti Ema; Alawiyah, Geby; rahayu, Susi; Taufik S, Ahmad; Hidayatullah, Kholik; Kurniawidi, Dian W.; Ali, Muhamad
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v6i2.227

Abstract

Chitosan is one of the biopolymers that has recently been developed in the medical field. Chitosan is biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic, so it is safe for the human body. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of chitosan isolated from pearl oyster shells. Chitosan is obtained through three stages: deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation. Characterization of chitosan is done physically and chemically including organoleptic test, yield calculation in each step of isolation, FTIR, and XRD. Isolated chitosan identified deacetylation degree and functional group with FTIR. While the crystal structure was determined using XRD. The results showed that chitosan powder has a beige color with a final yield of 7,06%. The characterization of FTIR shows that synthesized pearl oyster shells have successfully formed chitosan compounds with a deacetylation degree of 81,50%. Another characteristic is the crystal structure obtained; chitosan has orthorhombic unit cells with a degree of chitosan crystallinity of 36,94%. Based on the result, chitosan has met several standards in medical applications as a biomaterial.
Co-Authors Ahmad Taufik Ahmad Taufik S Alaa, Siti Alaydrus, Mukaddam Ansyori, Maz Isa Arif Budianto Cahyawati, Triyana Dyah Handayana, I Gusti Ngurah Yudi Hidayatullah, Kholik Kurniawidi, Dian W Kurniawidi, Dian W. Muhamad Ali Muhamad Amin Nurmaulida, Siti Ema Purnaning, Dyah Septiani, Nonik Susi Rahayu Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Teguh Ardianto, Teguh