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BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION OF BAMBOO PAPER BY TWO WHITE-ROT FUNGAL SPECIES Novitri Hastuti; Luciasih Agustini; Erlina Nurul Aini; Dian Anggraini Indrawan; Gustan Pari; Heru Satrio Wibisono
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 10 No. 2 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : APTKLHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59465/ijfr.2023.10.2.239-249

Non-wood paper production, such as bamboo paper, is an alternative to meet the massive demand for paper consumption in the recent era. Bamboo paper, made from Bambusa vulgaris fibers and manufactured with the addition of activated nano-carbon, shows an improvement in paper quality. However, there is a potential worry with the incorporation of activated carbon since it may hinder the degradation process of paper. Concerning the substance's life cycle, degradation assisted by the fungal decomposer of this new product is crucial. This study investigated the effects of the white-rot fungi, viz. Phlebiopsis sp and Pycnoporus sp., on the degradation of bamboo paper with- or without- activated nano-carbon (BPAC and BPNAC). In vitro experiments that combined two variables (Fungal agents and Paper types) were carried out for 12 weeks. The results revealed that Pycnoporus sp. was more effective in decomposing both BPAC and BPNAC rather than Phlebiopsis sp. After being degraded by Phlebiopsis sp. and Pycnoporus sp. for 12 weeks, the remaining mass of BPAC was 64.14% and 48.96%, respectively, while the BPNAC was 69.89% and 38.25%, respectively. The ability of these fungal agents on composite-paper degradation was compared to other similar studies. Further investigation and possible applications were discussed.

KARAKTERISASI DAN POTENSI KATALIS KARBON AKTIF TERSULFONASI LIMBAH KAYU PADA REAKSI HIDROLISIS SEKAM PADI MENGGUNAKAN MICROWAVE Lisna Efiyanti; Sutanto; Dian Anggraini Indrawan; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 37 No. 2 (2019): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2019.37.2.67-80

Lignocellulose biomass is a raw material for developing various promising products, such as wood waste, which can be used as raw material for the production of activated carbon as a catalyst. This research aims to characterize activated carbon for hydrolisis catalyst. In this study, the process of making activated carbon from mixed camphor and meranti wood was made through pyrolysis process at temperature of 500°C, followed by sulfonation using H2SO410N on reflux. The sulfonated activated carbon product (KA-SO3H) was then characterized according to Indonesia National Standard (SNI) including recovery value, moisture content, ash content, fly ash, fixed carbon, iodine absorption, while acidity and functional groups were measured using amonia adsorption and FTIR analysis, respectively. Furthermore, the sulfonated activated carbon was tested for its application in the hydrolysis reaction of rice husks using microwave with vary rice husk weight namely 2, 4 ,6 ,8, and 10 g at 400 and 600 W for 5, 7, and 9 minutes, respectively. The filtrate was then analyzed for its glucose levels using the DNS method (Dinitrosalycilic acid). The optimum condition of the hydrolysis reaction using sulfonated activated carbon catalyst were 400 W power, 1:8 ratio of rice husk and catalyst in 9 minutes duration. The optimum condition produced 330.51 ppm glucose levels with glucose yield percentages was 61.97%, and required energy was 216 kJ.

PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI KERTAS NANO KARBON SEBAGAI PEMBUNGKUS WORTEL Dian Anggraini Indrawan; Novitri Hastuti, Lisna Efiyanti; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2018): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2018.36.2.139-158

Indonesia’s paper consumption, including food wrapping-paper, might steadily increase in the future. This could someday upset the capability of domestic wrapping-paper production due to dwindling potency of conventional fibers (e.g. natural-forest wood). Alternative fibers are abundantly available and it mostly remains unutilized, than it should be introduced in industry, such as bamboo. This study aims to optimize the utilization of alternative fiber sources through the manufacture of wrapping paper from bamboo fiber using carbon nano technology as a foodstuff protector/wrapping. Relevantly, manufacturing trial on papers with nano-technology capability for carrot wrapping was conducted from two bamboo species tali (Gigantochloa apus) and ampel (Bambusa vulgaris) separately. Initially, each species was pulped semi-chemically, and then added with nano-sized activated charcoal particles (20%, w/w). The mixture (bamboo pulp + activated charcoal) was formed into sheets with targeted basic-weight common for wrapping-paper (60 g/m2), and then used for carrot wrapping and the physical strength properties was tested. Result shows that charcoal could can lower carrot-weight loss, which indicates high effectivity in maintaining the carrot freshness and nutritions. Papers made from ampel-bamboo fibers were more prospective for such wrapping than those made from bamboo tali. The use of any experimented papers for carrot wrapping was still better than without wrapping, as they afforded more in securing carrots.

PENYEMPURNAAN SIFAT PAPAN SERAT KERAPATAN SEDANG DARI PELEPAH NIPAH DAN CAMPURANNYA DENGAN SABUT KELAPA Dian Anggraini Indrawan; Han Roliadi; Rossi Margareth Tampubolon; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 31 No. 2 (2013): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2013.31.2.120-140

Nowadays, the potency of conventional fibrous materials (ie, woods) for the manufacture of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) becomes depleted and scarce. Use of alternative fibers which are abundantly available and still largely unutilized, i.e. nypha midribs and coconut coirs, bas been attemped for MDF (medium-density fiberboard), using urea-formaldebryde (UF) adhesive However, such study showed that MDV from each of the two fiber sources could not satisfy the JIS and ISO standards. In relevant, improvement trial on MDF properties was accomplished using both kinds of fibers. Intially, those fiber stuffs had their basic properties examined, i.e. specific gravity, chemical composition, and fiber dimensions and their derived values. The MDF's fibrous pulping employed a bat semi-chemical soda process under atmospheric pressure at two alkali concentrations (8% and 12%). The resulting pulps were then added with additives, i.. 5% alum, 5% tannin formaldebryde (TF) adbesive either incorporated with activated charcoal (5%) or not; and then shaped into MDF mat using wet process, Physical-strength properties and formaldebryde emission of the resulted MDF wery examined. Assessing those properties, nypa-midrib fibers were more prospective for MDF than coconut-coir fibers, Activated- charcoal addition lowered MDF's formaldehyde emistion and improved dimensional stability, but decreased its strengths. In properties, MDF, from nypa fibers 100% were significantly the closest in satisfying the standard (JIS and LSO). Yet, coconut-enir fibers could still be prospective for MDF by missing them (pulp form) with wypa-fiber pulp at the propertion (w/w): 25%+75% and 50%+50%. The MDF with TF adhesive afforded better properties than the previous experiment (UF), n. greater strengths, lowered emotion and satisfying more of the 115 and ISO standard.

PEMBUATAN PULP UNTUK KERTAS BUNGKUS DARI BAHAN SERAT ALTERNATIF Dian Anggraini Indrawan; Lisna Efiyanti; Rossi Margareth Tampubolon; Han Roliadi
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 33 No. 4 (2015): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2015.33.4.283-302

Indonesia's paper consumption, including wrapping paper, might steadily increase in the future and create challenge for domestic wrapping-paper production due to the dwindling potency of conventional fibrous stuffs (e.g. natural-forest woods). Alternative ligno-cellulosic fibers should be introduced, such as pioneer-tree woods potential for plantation-forest (PF), e.g. jabon and terentang; sengon PF's logging wastes; pulp/ paper mill's sludge; and pineapple-leaf fibers. In relevant, trial on pulp manufacture for wrapping paper was conducted using those alternatives. Initially, each alternative-fiber was examined for their basic properties (i.e. specific gravity, chemical composition, and fiber dimensions/ their derived values). The fibrous pulping employed a hot alk ali semi-chemical process (except sludge). The pulp-sheet with 60 g/ m basis-weight target was 2 formed from the mixture of jabon-wood pulp, terentang-wood pulp, sengon-wood pulp, sludge, and pineapple-leaf pulp (w/ w) in particular proportions; then to each proportion were added additives (alum 2%, clay 5%, wax emulsion 3%, tapioca starch 4%, and rosin soap 3%); and on the resulting pulp-sheets were tested their physical, strength, and optical properties. Results revealed that the proportion regarded as the most prospective for wrapping paper comprised terentang wood pulp (20%), jabon-wood pulp (20%), sengon-wood pulp (40%), and pineapple-leaf pulp (20%). The tolerable proportion for incorporating sludge should comprise sludge (20%), terentang-wood pulp (20%), jabon-wood pulp (20%), sengon-wood pulp (20%), and pineapple-leaf pulp (20%). The presence of harmful/ toxic heavy metals in the sludge which have been strongly indicated should thoroughly be accounted; and hence further experiment on their removal prior to the sludge use for wrapping paper deserves carrying out.

POTENSI TEKNIS PEMANFAATAN PELEPAH NIPAH DAN CAMPURANNYA DENGAN SABUT KELAPA UNTUK PEMBUATAN PAPAN SERAT BERKERAPATAN SEDANG Han Roliadi; Dian Anggraini Indrawan; Gustan Pari; Rossi Margareth Tampubolon
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 30 No. 3 (2012): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2012.30.3.183-198

Indonesia's tropical natural forest woods are conventionally still raw materials for MDF, which in potency becomes depleted and scarce. Consequently, use of alternative fibrous materials deserves thorough consideration, with their potencies abundant and mostly still unutilized, such as Nypa frutican midrib and coconut coir. In relevant, an experiment was conducted to utilize both kinds of fiber for MDE Those fiber stuffs were each passed through the preparation, and examination of their basic properties (i.e. specific gravity, chemical composition, and fiber dimensions and their derived values). The fibrous pulping for MDF employed a bat semi-chemical soda process under atmospheric pressure, followed with the refining action to achieve pulp freeness at 600-700 mil CSF. The refined pulp were then added with additives (i.z. 4% alum, 3% UF-adbesive, 5% activated charcoal), and then shaped into MDF mat using wet process, followed with beat treatment, bot pressing, conditioning, and ultimately the testing of MDF properties. Scrutiny on MDF physico-strength properties revealed that nypa-midrib fibers were more prospective for MDF than coconut-coir fibers. Activated-charcoal addition lowered the MDF formaldehyde-emission, but decreased its strengths. In properties, MDFs from nyta fibers significantly outperformed those from coconut-cnir fibers in complying with the standard (JIS). Yet, connut-nir fs could still in prospective for MDF by mixing them (pulp form) with nypa-fiber pulp at the proportion (w/w): 25%+75 and 50%+50%

KARAKTERISTIK PAPAN SANDWICH DENGAN INTI PAPAN PARTIKEL Ignasia Maria Sulastiningsih; Dian Anggraini Indrawan; Jamal Balfas
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 38 No. 3 (2020): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2020.38.3.161-172

Bamboo has been recoqnized as wood substitute materials by convertting them into engineered bamboo products. Toincrease bamboo utilization efficiency, the waste generated from bamboo processing can be used further as raw materialsfor particleboard manufacture. Besides to get relatively thick and strong material, the bamboo particleboard can beused as a core layer for sandwich panel. The objective of this research was to determine characteristics of sandwichpanel with particleboard as the core layer. There were four types of particleboard used as the core layer of sandwichpanel i.e bamboo particleboard with density of 0.45 g/cm3(A1) and 0.55 g/cm3(A2), and the mixture of bamboojabon particleboards with density of 0.45 g/cm3(A3) and 0.55 g/cm3(A4). There were three types of outer layerof sandwich panel i.e. bamboo strips (B1), jabon plywood (B2), and mahoni plywood (B3). Sandwich panels wereproduced using urea formaldehyde adhesive. The results showed that bamboo-jabon particleboard used as core layerproduced stronger sandwich panels than those using only bamboo particleboards. Bamboo strips as the outer layerproduced stronger sandwich panels than those of using mahoni and jabon plywood. All sandwich panels produced inthis research conform to both the Indonesian Standard and the Japanese Standard requirements for particleboard withveneer overlay.

PENYEMPURNAAN SIFAT PAPAN SERAT BERKERAPATAN TINGGI DARI CAMPURAN RUMPUT GELAGAH, TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT, DAN BAMBU Dian Anggraini Indrawan; Han Roliadi; Rossi Margareth Tampubolon; Gustan Pari; Adi Santoso; Mohamad Iqbal
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 33 No. 3 (2015): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2015.33.3.193-214

Laboratory-scale manufactured hardboard made of Saccharum Sponaneoun Grasses (SSG), Empty Oil-palm Bunches (EOPB), and andong bamboo is potentially developed. However, initial experiment shows the hardboard did not meet Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) and International Standard Organization (ISO) for hardboard. This paper observes modification of the hardboard to satisfy the standards. Modification includes adding alkali concentration during pulp cooking and changing the additives composition. Result shows modification can enhance the hardboard quality to satisfy JIS and ISO requirements. Fiber mixture of SSG pulp and andong/betung bamboo pulp was cooked in 10.5% alkali concentration; and 12% alkali concentration for EOPB pulp. Additives composition used were tannin-resorcinol formaldehyde/TRF adhesive, alum, and activated charcoal; without wax emulsion. The mixture of SSG pulp (50%) + EOPB pulp (50%) was the most prospective for hardboard, followed by SSG pulp (100%) solely; SSG pulp (50%) + andong bamboo pulp (50%); and SSG pulp (50%) + betung bamboo pulp (50%) as the lowest prospects. The least prospective fibrous material (betung bamboo) are expectedly be improved by using more TRF adhesive, nano-size activated charcoal and cross-linking agents.

SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS PAPAN UNTAI BERARAH DARI BAMBU TALI ( (J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Kurz) Gigantochloa apus I.M. Sulastiningsih; Dian Anggraini Indrawan; Jamal Balfas; Adi Santoso; Mohammad Isa Iskandar
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 35 No. 3 (2017): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2017.35.3.197-209

Bamboo is potential as an alternative material to substitute wood. This paper examines the effects of using different resin contents and strand dimensions on the properties of its oriented strand board (bamboo OSB). Tali bamboo (Gigantochloa apus (J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Kurz) was used as raw material in manufacturing the bamboo OSB. Laboratory scale oriented bamboo strand boards were fabricated using each bamboo strand length (7.5, 10, and 15 cm) and glued with liquid phenol formaldehyde adhesive at various resin contents (6, 7 and 8%) of the bamboo strands dry 3 weight. Results show that the average density of fabricated bamboo OSB was 0.75 g/cm . Physical and mechanical properties of bamboo OSB were significantly affected by resin content, except the modulus of elasticity (MOE). Higher resin content gave better physical and mechanical properties of the boards. MOE of bamboo OSB was also significantly affected by the strand length. The longer strand dimension produces boards with higher MOE values. All oriented bamboo strand boards studied meet the Indonesian and Japanese Standard requirements of type 24 particleboard and also meet the British Standard requirements of both Type OSB/2 and Type OSB/3.

PEMBUATAN PAPAN ISOLASI DARI CAMPURAN PULP LIMBAH PEMBALAKAN HUTAN DAN ARANG AKTIF DENGAN BAHAN PEREKAT KHITOSAN CANGKANG UDANG Han Roliadi; Rena M Siagian; Dian Anggraini Indrawan; Rosi M. Tampubolon
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 30 No. 1 (2012): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2012.30.1.59-67

This study examined characteristics of insulation board manufactured from the mixture of wood astes from Eucalyptus bybrid plantation forest (PF) logging and activated charcoal, and the adhesive as used was chitosan derived from the shrimp exoskeleton. PF-logging's wood wastes were reduced in size to chips, then made into pulp using open bot soda chemical process at the condition being alkali (NaOH) concentration at 8%, wood to liquor ratio 1:8 (w/v), and maximum cooking temperature 100C held for 3 hours. Insulation-board mat was formed using the wet process from the miscture of PF logging's wood wastes and activated charcoal at the proportions (w/w) consecutively 100% +0%, 97,5% + 2,5%, 95% + 5%, 92,5% +7,5%, dan 90%+10%. Prior to mat forming, to the miscture were added 2 kinds of adhesives separately (i.e. chitosan and tapioca as the comparison) 5% each. Physical and mechanical properties of the resulting insulation board with tapioca were better than those with chitosan. The greater the portion of activated charcoal mixed to the PF-logging's wood wastes, the lower the density and the strength (MOR), the more increased the moisture content, but the more improved the dimensional stability. The insulation board which revealed the most promising prospects and could favorably meet the JIS specification was the one from the mixture proportion of PF-logging's wood wastes and activated charcoal at 97.5%+ 2.5%, uring tapioca adhesive, and the one from solely 100% PF-logging wastes (without activated charcoal) using chitosan.

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