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Natural Resistance of Rattan Species from Sumatra Against Subterranean Termite and Its Relation to Chemical Properties (Ketahanan Alami Rotan Asal Sumatra terhadap Rayap Tanah dan Hubungannya dengan Sifat Kimia) Wa OM Arsyad; Lisna Efiyanti; Titi Kalima
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 16, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The main problem of rattan utilization was the ravages of destructive organisms attack. The objective of this study was to determine the natural resistance of rattan species from Sumatra against subterranean termites and its relation with the chemical characteristics of rattan. All samples were tested for resistance to subterranean termite and its chemical characteristics according to the Indonesian National Standard. Observations, percentage weight loss, termite survival and degree of attack were determined. Results showed that Calamus insignis, C. holttumii, Daemonorps verticillaris, and D. longipes included in very resistant (Class I). Korthalsia flagellaris, C. zonatus, C. laevigatus, D. sepals, C. spectatissimus, C. rugosus, and C. oleyanus included in resistance class II. Furthermore, D. micracantha included in the class of moderate resistance (class III). The cellulose content has no significant correlation (P>0.01), and lignin has a significant negative correlation (P<0.01) to the weight loss, termite survival and the degree of attack. Rattan that has resistance class I and II can be utilized as raw material of furniture and crafts, while rattan which have resistance class III require preservation treatment to extend its service life.

KARAKTERISASI DAN POTENSI KATALIS KARBON AKTIF TERSULFONASI LIMBAH KAYU PADA REAKSI HIDROLISIS SEKAM PADI MENGGUNAKAN MICROWAVE Lisna Efiyanti; Sutanto; Dian Anggraini Indrawan; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 37 No. 2 (2019): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2019.37.2.67-80

Lignocellulose biomass is a raw material for developing various promising products, such as wood waste, which can be used as raw material for the production of activated carbon as a catalyst. This research aims to characterize activated carbon for hydrolisis catalyst. In this study, the process of making activated carbon from mixed camphor and meranti wood was made through pyrolysis process at temperature of 500°C, followed by sulfonation using H2SO410N on reflux. The sulfonated activated carbon product (KA-SO3H) was then characterized according to Indonesia National Standard (SNI) including recovery value, moisture content, ash content, fly ash, fixed carbon, iodine absorption, while acidity and functional groups were measured using amonia adsorption and FTIR analysis, respectively. Furthermore, the sulfonated activated carbon was tested for its application in the hydrolysis reaction of rice husks using microwave with vary rice husk weight namely 2, 4 ,6 ,8, and 10 g at 400 and 600 W for 5, 7, and 9 minutes, respectively. The filtrate was then analyzed for its glucose levels using the DNS method (Dinitrosalycilic acid). The optimum condition of the hydrolysis reaction using sulfonated activated carbon catalyst were 400 W power, 1:8 ratio of rice husk and catalyst in 9 minutes duration. The optimum condition produced 330.51 ppm glucose levels with glucose yield percentages was 61.97%, and required energy was 216 kJ.

PENGARUH KATALIS NiO DAN NiOMoO TERHADAP PERENGKAHAN MINYAK CANGKANG BIJI JAMBU METE Lisna Efiyanti; Darma Santi
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 34 No. 3 (2016): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2016.34.3.189-197

Bioenergy is new and renewable alternative energy which is currently developed enthusiastically. Bioenergy could be produced by catalytic cracking method, which is cracking carbon chain to raise energy fraction. This paper observes potential non-food bioenergy of cashew nut shell liquid as an alternative bioenergy source using catalytic cracking method. The effect of impregnated-metals Nikel and Molibdenum catalyst used in hydrocracking of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) into bioenergy was investigated. It focused specifically on two type of natural activated zeolite catalysts: NiO and NiOMoO at temperature reaction of 450 C and ratio feed catalyst of 2 and 4. Catalysts characterization was conducted according to a gravimetric method to determine acidity of catalyst; Spectroscopy FT-IR analysis to get distribution of active site catalyst; X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis to observe crystalinity of catalyst; and Gas Sorption Analyzer (GSA) to measure surface area, porosity and total of pore volume. Bioenergy of CNSL in the liquid-phase, which were predominantly by gasoline, diesel oil, and heavy oil, was further analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the compound energy fraction qualitatively and quantitatively. The result showed that the NiOMoO (natural activated zeolite) provided an optimal performance with liquid product conversion was about 65-75%, and selectivity gasoline as well as diesel fraction was about 37-47% and 22-31%, respectively.

HIDRORENGKAH KATALITIK MINYAK KULIT BIJI JAMBU METE (CNSL) MENJADI FRAKSI BENSIN DAN DIESEL Lisna Efiyanti; Wega Trisunaryanti
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 32 No. 1 (2014): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2014.32.1.71-81

This research aimed to look into the hydocracking potential of CNSL into fuel fraction with the aid of catalyst. Thebased materials of catalyst as used were Y-zeolite from Japan and Nickel metal (E-Merck). NiO/ZY catalyst wasprepared with wet impregnation method using salt precursor Ni(NO ) .6H O into Y-zeolite as a supporting stuff.Catalyst characterization was determined by gravimetry method to examined acidity of catalyst with pyridine base as aadsorbate base and catalyst porosity using Surface Area Analyzer (NOVA-1000). Hydrocracking process was carriedout in a fixed-bed system reactor using NiO/ZY catalyst at temperature of 400°C with H flow rate of 20mL/min, andthe ratio of feed/catalyst equal to 4. The results product was analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC). Results showedthat CNSL hydrocracking with NiO/ZY catalyst brought out liquid product as much as 80.03% in portion withselectivity on gasoline, diesel and heavy oil are 38,47%, 25,88% and 15, 74%, respectively.

KARAKTERISTIK DAN POTENSI PEMANFAATAN ASAP CAIR KAYU TREMA, NANI, MERBAU, MATOA, DAN KAYU MALAS Sri Komarayati; Gusmailina; Lisna Efiyanti
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 36 No. 3 (2018): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2018.36.3.219-238

Wood is potential biomass with various benefits such as is utilizing them for liquid smoke raw material. Consequently, research on liquid smoke by pyrolysis should be conducted intensively to gain necessary information on the active content and utilization of the liquid smoke. This research is aimed to determine characteristics and potential utilization of liquid smoke made from trema, nani, merbau, matoa and malas wood. Research was conducted by pyrolysis process at 500°C for 5 hours and the liquid smoke was collected in container for analyzes. Analysis of liquid smoke characteristics included pH, specific gravity, acetic acid, phenol and other chemical component content using py-GCMS. The result showed that the pH ranged from 2.68 to 4.34, specific gravity ranged from 0.83 to 1.04, acetate 0.65–13.09%, and phenol content 0.19–2.50%. GCMS analysis showed chemical component diversity and its main component as identity of specific liquid smoke from five wood species confirmed were acetic acid (acetic acid, ethylic acid), phenolic (phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy (CAS) 2,6-dimethoxyphenol), and carbamic acid. The chemical component of liquid smoke is expected to be applied in wide variety of products based on product’s perspective, objectives and product targets that would be achieved.

KETAHANAN LIMA JENIS KAYU TERHADAP SERANGAN DELAPAN JENIS JAMUR PELAPUK Sihati Suprapti; Esti Rini Satiti; Lisna Efiyanti; Djarwanto
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 40 No. 1 (2022): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Lesser-known wood originating from rain-forests is an alternative raw material for the national timber industry.Optimizing this wood group’s utilisation requires information on its resistance to the decaying fungus attack of eachwood species used. This research is studying the resistance of five wood species from West Kalimantan, and the rusttest was carried out on the metal embedded in heartwood and exposed to fungus using the Kolle-flask method. NaOH’swood-solubility analysis referred to ASTM D-1110-84’s Standard. Results revealed that Albizia sp. and Syzygiumsp. belonged to resistant woods (class II); Santiria sp. and Lithocarpus ewyckii belonged to moderately-resistant(class III); while Xanthophyllum excelsum belonged to not-resistant (class IV). The greatest weight loss occurredat sapwood of Xanthophyllum excelsum being exposed to Pycnoporus sanguineus. Average weight loss atheartwood (with class II) was lower than that at sapwood (class III). The greatest weight loss of woods embedded byscrews occurred at screwed Syzygium sp. then exposed to Polyporus sp. The average weight loss of screwed woods wasgreater than that of unscrewed woods. Meanwhile, the highest weight loss of screws occurred at Xanthophyllumexcelsum, then at Syzygium sp., exposed to Polyporus arcularius. The greatest weight of screw-rust powder wasachieved at Syzygium sp. exposed to Polyporus arcularius. Five fungi species exhibited moderate capability, whilethree species afforded low capability in decaying woods. The effect of decaying fungi on corroding screws was entirely low.

PEMBUATAN PULP UNTUK KERTAS BUNGKUS DARI BAHAN SERAT ALTERNATIF Dian Anggraini Indrawan; Lisna Efiyanti; Rossi Margareth Tampubolon; Han Roliadi
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 33 No. 4 (2015): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2015.33.4.283-302

Indonesia's paper consumption, including wrapping paper, might steadily increase in the future and create challenge for domestic wrapping-paper production due to the dwindling potency of conventional fibrous stuffs (e.g. natural-forest woods). Alternative ligno-cellulosic fibers should be introduced, such as pioneer-tree woods potential for plantation-forest (PF), e.g. jabon and terentang; sengon PF's logging wastes; pulp/ paper mill's sludge; and pineapple-leaf fibers. In relevant, trial on pulp manufacture for wrapping paper was conducted using those alternatives. Initially, each alternative-fiber was examined for their basic properties (i.e. specific gravity, chemical composition, and fiber dimensions/ their derived values). The fibrous pulping employed a hot alk ali semi-chemical process (except sludge). The pulp-sheet with 60 g/ m basis-weight target was 2 formed from the mixture of jabon-wood pulp, terentang-wood pulp, sengon-wood pulp, sludge, and pineapple-leaf pulp (w/ w) in particular proportions; then to each proportion were added additives (alum 2%, clay 5%, wax emulsion 3%, tapioca starch 4%, and rosin soap 3%); and on the resulting pulp-sheets were tested their physical, strength, and optical properties. Results revealed that the proportion regarded as the most prospective for wrapping paper comprised terentang wood pulp (20%), jabon-wood pulp (20%), sengon-wood pulp (40%), and pineapple-leaf pulp (20%). The tolerable proportion for incorporating sludge should comprise sludge (20%), terentang-wood pulp (20%), jabon-wood pulp (20%), sengon-wood pulp (20%), and pineapple-leaf pulp (20%). The presence of harmful/ toxic heavy metals in the sludge which have been strongly indicated should thoroughly be accounted; and hence further experiment on their removal prior to the sludge use for wrapping paper deserves carrying out.

SELEKSI JAMUR PELAPUK PUTIH HUTAN TROPIS INDONESIA SEBAGAI PENGHASIL ENZIM LAKASE (Lac) DAN MANGAN PEROKSIDASE (MnP) Lisna Efiyanti; Asep Hidayat
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 35 No. 3 (2017): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2017.35.3.185-195

White-rot fungus, Basidiomycetes is an unique group of microbes among the major decomposers of plant polymers or biomass. Their existences are under pressure due to Indonesian tropical forests degradation caused by forest fires, excessive exploitation, land conversion and biopiracy. Based on natural process of white rot fungi, it could be utilized for bioresources, i.e improvement of food quality and leading of new functionality (the food industry), delignification (pulp & paper), production of ethanol (biofuel), biosensors and bioremediation. This paper studies isolate, selection and evaluation of the potential extracellular enzymes laccase (Lac) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) from fungi grown in Indonesian tropical forest. A total of 178 samples of fungi fruit were collected from Indonesian tropical forest, including West Java, East Java and East Kalimantan Provinces, then they were isolated and selected on RBBR agar media for futher analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences of 26 pure isolates, in term of its capacity to decolorize RBBR, and only six pure isolates (JB-7.1.1, BST-F16, Gr-W3.2A-C, TRK-1, TRK-2, and TRK-3) were able to oxidize RBBR more than 1 cm per day. Futhermore, two isolates were selected as their enzymes production was higher than another, those were -1-1 JB-7.1.1 (Lac = 526 ± 142 UL and MnP = 114 ± 13 UL ), and TRK-2 (Lac = 463 ± 95 UL and MnP = 98 -1-1 ± 8 UL ). Statistically, the activity of Lac produced by JB-7.1.1 was higher and not significantly different with the positive control, Cerrena sp. F0607. JB-7.1.1 and TRK-2 isolates were the potential fungi for producing Lac, which they could be applied easily for textile dyes decolorization as bioremediation.

PENGARUH PERLAKUAN DELIGNIFIKASI TERHADAP HIDROLISIS SELULOSA DAN PRODUKSI ETANOL DARI LIMBAH BERLIGNOSELULOSA Luciasih Agustini; Lisna Efiyanti
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 33 No. 1 (2015): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2015.33.1.69-80

Delignification signifies as the crucial stages in converting lignocelluloses into ethanol. It affects further hydrolysis and fermentation processes. This paper looks into the effects of three different delignification processes (physical-, chemical-, and biological- treatments) of lignocellulosic biomass (i.e sawdusts of sengon and oil-palm petioles) on cellulose hydrolysis and fermentation. Physically, biomass was pressurized in an autoclave which has been set for 121°C, 1 atm for 30 minutes. Chemically, 1% H₂SO₄ was added during pressurized process. Biologically, pressurized biomass was inoculated using microorganism MD-14 FB.1 obtained from INTROF-CC collection For the control, biomass stuffs without chemical, physical, and biological treatments, sustained the hydrolysis/fermentation process as well. Delignification properties with regard to α-cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose contents in the treated as well as control biomass were examined according to the ASTM procedures. The amount of glucose exhibited from cellulose hydrolysis was determined by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method, while the ethanol content was determined by potassium dichromate method. Results show that in general, chemical delignification is more effective than physical and biological treatments. It shows greater yield of lignin decomposition and sugar liberation in hydrolysis. Chemical delignification treatment produced about 0.0022 - 0.4046% ethanol from the substrate fermentation. The enzyme produced from the isolations has not significantly optimized the ethanol fermentation. Further research is needed in finding the compatibility between lignocellulose biomass and enzymes which were developed from microbe isolates.

SIFAT KIMIA DAN KUALITAS ARANG LIMA JENIS KAYU ASAL KALIMANTAN BARAT Lisna Efiyanti; Suci Aprianty Wati; Dadang Setiawan; Saepulloh; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 38 No. 1 (2020): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2020.38.1.45-56

Various wood producing tree species grows in large forest area of Indonesia. Wood could be used for variousproducts such as furniture, crafts, building constructions and other products like charcoals. Utilization of productsis also generaly associated with physical, chemical, anatomy and mechanics characteristic of wood. This research aimsto determine chemical and extractive composition of five lesser-known wood species from West Kalimantan, namelykumpang, bengkulung, sawang, kempili and ubar wood, and their influences on charcoal properties produced fromcorresponding wood types. The chemical and extractive components of the five wood types were analyzed accordingto the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) method. Each wood species was heated into charcoal through pyrolysismethod with a temperature of 500°C for 4 hours. Results show that the cellulose, pentosan, lignin of these five woodspecies are 51.53−61.16%; 13.93−17.67%; and 26.55−38.46% respectively. The solubility in cold water, hotwater, NaOH 1% and alcohol-benzene are ranged from 0.632−2.640%; 3.28−8.41%; 10.41−19.01%; and3.38−4.3% respectively. Water, ash and silica contents from these woods are respectively ranged from 7.97−9.97%;0.32−2.14%; and 0.21−0.68%. The charcoal products were obtained from five wood types generally have fulfilled theIndonesian National Standard (SNI) requirements with the value of water, ash, volatile matter and carbon contentsare ranged from 0.01−0.69%; 0.59−5.40; 13.95−26.15%; and 73.05−84% respectively. The best quality ofcharcoal was obtained from kumpang wood charcoal.

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