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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan Jurnal Pijar MIPA
Nurhadis, Nurhadis
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Marine-Derived Chitosan Biopolymers as Antibacterial Agents: A Review Nurhadis, Nurhadis; Kasasiah, Ahsanal; Hitopik, Asman
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 19 No. 6 (2024): November 2024
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v19i6.8021

Abstract

The growing issue of bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics has led to an increasing need for alternative antimicrobial agents. Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from marine organisms such as crustaceans (shrimp, crabs) and mollusks (shellfish), has shown significant antibacterial properties. This systematic review aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of chitosan extracted from various marine sources against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. A comprehensive search of studies published in the past decade was conducted across multiple databases, using predefined inclusion criteria to identify relevant experimental research that focused on quantitative data, such as inhibition zones. The review analyzes key variables, including chitosan extraction methods, concentrations, and experimental conditions. The results revealed that chitosan exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli, while S. epidermidis showed moderate susceptibility. Variations in antibacterial effectiveness were attributed to differences in chitosan extraction methods and experimental conditions. Despite these variations, the overall evidence supports the potential of chitosan as an effective antimicrobial agent, demonstrating significant inhibition against a wide range of bacterial strains. The findings suggest that chitosan may serve as a promising natural alternative to combat bacterial infections, particularly those caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens. However, further research is needed to standardize extraction techniques, explore the antibacterial mechanisms, and conduct in vivo studies to validate its clinical applications. These findings underscore chitosan's potential as a sustainable and effective solution in addressing the global challenge of bacterial resistance.
Perbandingan Efektivitas Antibiotik Terhadap Durasi Terapi Demam Tifoid Sholih, Mally Ghinan; Mulki, Munir Alinu; Nurhadis, Nurhadis; Akifah, Muthia Nur; Aprillia, Cantika; Maharani, Puteri Rahma; Subekti, Firli Reisya; Affandhy, Adhwa'a Kaylla
Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan Vol 11 No 1.D (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan 
Publisher : Peneliti.net

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Demam tifoid merupakan penyakit yang sering terjadi di Indonesia, disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella typhi yang menyebar melalui jalur fecal-oral. Prevalensi demam tifoid di Indonesia mencapai 1,60%, dengan prevalensi tertinggi pada anak-anak berusia 5 hingga 14 tahun karena kebiasaan jajan sembarangandan kurangnya perhatian terhadap kebersihan diri . Pengobatan demam tifoid melibatkan pemberian antibiotik yang tepat dan perawatan suportif. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisisefektivitas antibiotik dalam mengurangi durasi terapidemam tifoid, dengan fokus pada antibiotik seperticeftriaxone, cefotaxime, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, kloramfenikol, dan tiamfenikol. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian initermasuk dalam jenis penelitian systematics literature review. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ceftriaxone lebih efektif dari pada kloramfenikol dalam mengatasi demam tifoid, dan kombinasi antibiotik seperti tiamfenikol dan ceftriaxone dapat mengurangi lama rawat inap. Azitromisin juga efektif untuk kasus tanpa komplikasi. Penggunaanantibiotik yang tepat penting untuk mengurangi case fatality rate. Terapi kombinasi dapat memperluas spektrumaktivitas antimikroba dan mencegah resistensi. Studi ini memberikan wawasan tentang pengobatan demam tifoiddengan antibiotik yang efektif, seperti ceftriaxone, azithromycin, dan kombinasi antibiotik tertentu. Pentingnya edukasi tentang kebersihan pribadi dan lingkungan juga disorot untuk mencegah penyebaran infeksi lebih lanjut. Dengan pemahaman yang lebih baiktentang efektivitas antibiotik dalam pengobatan demam tifoid, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan penanganan kasusdemam tifoid dan mengurangi dampak negatifnya.Kata kunci: Demam tifoid, Lama pengobatan, Terapi antibiotik, Efikasi obat, dan Efektivitas perbandingan
Comparative Potential of Antibacterial Activity of Marine Plants for the Development of Natural Antimicrobial Agents: A Review Zikria, Nazila Nazwa; Nurhadis, Nurhadis
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 7 (2025): in Progress
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i7.10264

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance remains a major global health concern, driven by the misuse and overuse of antibiotics, which has resulted in multidrug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli), leading to increased morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospital stays, and rising healthcare costs. To address this challenge, the search for alternative antibacterial agents that are natural, sustainable, and environmentally friendly has become urgent. Marine plants, including red macroalgae (Rhodophyta), brown algae (Phaeophyta), green algae (Chlorophyta), and seagrasses, produce secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and sulfated polysaccharides with promising antibacterial properties. This systematic review analyzed 320 articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, of which eight met the inclusion criteria, to compare the antibacterial potential of marine plant extracts against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. The findings indicated that species such as Kappaphycus alvarezii, Corallina officinalis, Eucheuma spinosum, Sargassum polycystum, Caulerpa racemosa, and Padina australis exhibited antibacterial activity ranging from weak to very strong depending on species, extraction methods, solvents, concentrations, and environmental conditions, with K. alvarezii showing the highest inhibition zone of up to 26 mm against Bacillus subtilis and Vibrio species. The antibacterial mechanism is believed to involve membrane disruption, alteration of permeability, and inhibition of protein and DNA synthesis. In conclusion, marine plants demonstrate strong potential as sources of natural antibacterial agents that may reduce dependence on conventional antibiotics and mitigate the global antibiotic resistance crisis, though further research is required to standardize extraction methods, isolate active compounds, and validate efficacy and safety through MIC, MBC, and in vivo studies before clinical and industrial application.
Co-Authors Affandhy, Adhwa'a Kaylla Ahsanal Kasasiah Akifah, Muthia Nur Aprillia, Cantika Hitopik, Asman Maharani, Puteri Rahma Munir Alinu Mulki Sholih, Mally Ghinan Subekti, Firli Reisya Zikria, Nazila Nazwa