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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Muhammadiyah Medical Journal Folia Medica Indonesiana
Suryawan, Kadek
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health

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Uncovering the Enolase Gene (eno) and Its Role in Biofilm Formation in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus Setiabudy, Marta; Widhidewi, Ni Wayan; Wijaya, Putu Austin Widyasari; Santoso, Putu Nia Calista; Suryawan, Kadek
Muhammadiyah Medical Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2024): Muhammadiyah Medical Journal (MMJ)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine and Health Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24853/mmj.5.2.97-106

Abstract

Background: Enolase is an enzyme potentially possessed by Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) bacteria, which holds essential virulence factors in human infections. The eno gene that encodes enolase is important in attachment to host cells, leading to biofilm formation, evasion of host immune response, and bacterial central metabolism. This biofilm formation might complicate the therapy. Purposes: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of the enolase gene, namely eno, in clinical isolates of S.aureus and its association with biofilm production. Methods: The research was conducted from December 1, 2023, to February 29, 2024, at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Research Laboratory, Warmadewa University. This study employed an analytical approach with a cross-sectional design. Result: The collected samples comprised 18 isolates of S.aureus, 66.6% of which produced biofilm. Most of the S.aureus clinical isolates 17 (94.4%) were detected to have the eno gene. Six samples (33.3%) formed weak biofilm followed by strong and moderate, with the same number of 3 isolates each (16.7%). No correlation between the enolase gene and biofilm production in this study suggested phenotypic heterogeneity, environment and time forming biofilm in vivo differences, and various other genes that influence biofilm formation. Conclusion: The high prevalence of the enolase gene in these clinical isolates indicates the potential for more severe infections in patients related to its adherence, which leads to biofilm and resistance problems and metabolic function.
Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Setiabudy, Marta; Masyeni, Dewa Ayu Putri Sri; Indraningrat, Anak Agung Gede; Suryawan, Kadek; Adhiputra, I Ketut Agus Indra; Rahman, Muhammad Amirul bin Abdul
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 59, No. 3
Publisher : Folia Medica Indonesiana

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Highlights: 1. The significance of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, which are more likely to infect immunocompromised patients, needed to be researched in greater depth. 2. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was found to form significantly more biofilm than Staphylococcus aureus. 3. Wound care and changing medical devices in immunocompromised patients on a regular basis may provide benefits to prevent biofilm formation by Staphylococcus spp. Abstract Staphylococcus spp. are typically commensal microorganisms that can exist in the human body without causing illness. However, these bacteria have virulence factors, e.g., biofilm formation, that are important to note. Because biofilms shield bacteria from opsonophagocytosis and antimicrobial agents, they can cause persistent or chronic infections. Once they form biofilms, both Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) can potentially cause incurable infections. This study aimed to compare biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus as a guide for the prevention and management of infection, which will maintain and improve the good health of the general population. This was an analytic research with a cross-sectional design. The study began by collecting the samples, identifying the species, and testing the biofilm production with a microtiter plate, which was then analyzed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). Comparison tests were conducted using an independent t-test. A value of p<0.05 was used as the cut-off that indicated significance. The total samples were 36 clinical isolates, consisting of 18 Staphylococcus aureus and 18 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. The specimens consisted of 20 blood samples (55.6%) and 7 wound swabs (19.4%). The biofilm test on the samples showed that 83.3% of the samples produced biofilms. The data revealed that the isolates formed biofilms, with 14 isolates (38.9%) in the strong category, 10 isolates (27.8%) in the moderate category, and each of 6 isolates (16.7%) in the weak and non-existent categories. Both Staphylococcus spp. appeared to have biofilm-forming activity, but coagulase-negative Staphylococcus appeared to be significantly more dominant (p=0.008). Strong biofilm was produced by 61.1% of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates. In conclusion, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus formed a stronger biofilm than Staphylococcus aureus. Its presence as an infection-causing bacteria, particularly in immunocompromised patients, should not be underestimated.
The Association between Resistance of Sepsis-Inducing Bacteria to First-Line Antibiotics and Sepsis Outcome: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study Meriyani, Herleeyana; Sanjaya, Dwi Arymbhi; Juanita, Rr. Asih; Siada, Nyoman Budiartha; Yudiartha, I Wayan Maysa; Suryawan, Kadek
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v12i1.13597

Abstract

Background: Sepsis is a significant infectious disease linked to high mortality rates. Several bacterial pathogens that cause sepsis have shown resistance to first-line antibiotics. This resistance in sepsis-causing bacteria to initial antibiotic agents threatens treatment success, elevating mortality risk, healthcare costs, and prolonged hospital stays.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the resistance of sepsis-causing bacteria to first-line antibiotics and sepsis treatment outcomes.Methods: This cross-sectional study was a single-center retrospective study. Data were collected from sepsis patients admitted to the intensive care unit of a general hospital in Bali between 2022 and 2023. The patients included in this study were those with a positive bacterial infection, as provided in the culture result. Therapy outcomes were evaluated based on discharge status: improved or unimproved (deceased). The resistance of sepsis-causing bacteria to first-line antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, piperacillin-tazobactam, and vancomycin, was assessed through blood cultures. The relationship between antibiotic resistance and therapy outcomes was analyzed using the Gamma correlation coefficient. This study included 57 of 108 sepsis patients, primarily male (57.89%) and older than 60 years (57.89%).Results: A strong, significant positive correlation was observed between the resistance of sepsis-causing bacteria to third-generation cephalosporins and therapy outcomes (p=0.001; r=0.637). In contrast, resistance to fluoroquinolones (p=0.108; r=0.387), fourth-generation cephalosporins (p=0.377; r=-0.199), piperacillin-tazobactam (p=0.816; r=-0.060), and vancomycin (p=0.911; r=0.030) did not significantly impact therapy outcomes. The outcome of sepsis therapy is associated with resistance of sepsis-causing bacteria to third-generation cephalosporins but not to fluoroquinolones, fourth-generation cephalosporins, piperacillin-tazobactam, or vancomycin. This study uses a relatively small sample size, which precludes subgroup analyses.Conclusion: Non-significant findings for some antibiotics may reflect insufficient power; further study is needed to assess the correlation between resistance of sepsis-causing bacteria to fluoroquinolones, fourth-generation cephalosporins, piperacillin-tazobactam, and vancomycin.
Co-Authors Adhiputra, I Ketut Agus Indra Dwi Arymbhi Sanjaya Indraningrat, Anak Agung Gede Meriyani, Herleeyana Nyoman Budiartha Siada Rahman, Muhammad Amirul bin Abdul RR. Asih Juanita Santoso, Putu Nia Calista Setiabudy, Marta Sri Masyeni, Dewa Ayu Putri Widhidewi, Ni Wayan Wijaya, Putu Austin Widyasari Yudiartha, I Wayan Maysa