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All Journal International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science
I Wayan Tama
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Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

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The Genetic Relationship Between Balinese And Balinese Malay: A Lexicostatistics And Phonemic Correspondence Study Ida Ayu Putu Aridawati; Temaja, I Gede Bagus Wisnu Bayu; Ida Bagus Rai Putra; I Wayan Tama; I Made Sudiana; I Wayan Sudiartha; I Gusti Ayu Armini
International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 01 (2023): Februari, International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science (I
Publisher : Cita konsultindo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63922/ijevss.v2i01.169

Abstract

This research aimed to explore the genetic relationship between Balinese and Balinese Malay quantitatively and qualitatively. The research was conducted in three steps: 1) data collection, 2) data analysis, and 3) data display. Data collection was conducted by implementing the interview method through a guided interview, recording, and note-taking techniques. The data were 200 Swadesh word lists collected from speakers of both languages as the data. Data analysis was conducted by implementing lexicostatistics and phonemic correspondence techniques. The data were displayed formally and informally, as well as in both combinations. The research results showed that both languages have a 36% genetic relationship percentage. The time between the two languages was presumed to have diverged around 2,354 – 2,157 years ago. It is estimated that both languages started to diverge from their earlier proto-language around 2,569 years ago. In addition, six phonemic correspondences of both languages consist of /ə – a /, / i – ə /, / a – ə /, / o – u /, / u – o /, and / h – r /. Concerning the levels of language classification, the genetic relationship of both languages belongs to a common language family since the results are within the percentage range (36-81%) and diverged year range (500-2,500) years. Based on the genetic language typology, it can be concluded that both languages belong to Austronesian languages. Specifically, they belong to the subfamily Malayo-Sumbawan languages.
Lan ‘And’ Conjunction in Balinese I Wayan Mawa; I Wayan Tama; I Wayan Sudiartha; Temaja, I Gede Bagus Wisnu Bayu
International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 03 (2023): August, International Journal of Education, vocational and Social Science (IJE
Publisher : Cita konsultindo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63922/ijevss.v2i03.425

Abstract

This research aimed to identify the conjunction of lan ‘and’ Balinese syntactic construction. Specifically, the connector of “and” was analyzed on its syntactic and semantic roles. The results show that the syntactical conjunction of “and” belongs to the coordinative connector, its relationship closely to the conjuncts or the constituents being connected; hence it cannot stand alone. This conjunction links two or more conjuncts such as words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. Its position is generally in front of the last conjunct that is being connected. “And” can correspond to several conjunctive adverbs in linking conjuncts. Semantically, the conjunction of “and” has semantic roles of the combination consisting of combination roles of sequence, collective, distributive, emphatic, terminative, and continuative. The conjuncts connected by “and” have semantic roles, such as the combination of pure, sequential, contrastive, evaluative, amplificative, pharasfrative, parallel, consequential, cause-effect, and leniency-result.
Co-Authors I Gede Bagus Wisnu Bayu Temaja I Gusti Ayu Armini I Made Sudiana I Wayan Mawa I Wayan Sudiartha Ida Ayu Putu Aridawati Ida Bagus Rai Putra