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All Journal Sinergi Multitek Indonesia : Jurnal Ilmiah V-MAC (Virtual of Mechanical Engineering Article) Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites IRA Jurnal Teknik Mesin dan Aplikasinya (IRAJTMA) Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Riset Pendidikan Jurnal Polimesin
Pradiza, Revvan Rifada
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Influence of lemon skin powder on the mechanical and thermal properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/cassava starch biocomposites prepared by solution casting method Salahuddin Junus; Revvan Rifada Pradiza; Muhammad Yusuf; Mahros Darsin; Gaguk Jatisukamto; Mochamad Asrofi
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.2.004

Abstract

More environmentally friendly alternative materials are needed to replace synthetic plastics to prevent environmental pollution. One biocomposite, a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and cassava starch, is an appropriate solution; however, its mechanical properties are low. Lemon skin, which is often considered waste, contains promising cellulose and phenolic extract content, making it a potential superior and functional filler for biocomposites, particularly in active packaging applications. This study presents an investigation into the use of lemon skin powder (LSP) as a filler for PVA- and cassava starch-based biocomposites. The biocomposites were prepared using the solvent casting method by varying the concentration of lemon skin powder filler, namely 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%, with the final product being a film.  Analysis was carried out on the mechanical properties, morphology (Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)), and thermal properties of the film. The results show that the mechanical properties of the film increased when LSP was added, with the highest tensile strength of 13.82 MPa for biocomposite films containing 5% LSP compared to the tensile strength of pure PVA and PVA/cassava starch blends. In addition, the thermal properties of biocomposites also increased at this content, as evidenced by an increase in the initial decomposition temperature. Specifically, the initial decomposition temperature of pure PVA, which was 204°C, increased to 214°C in biocomposites with 5% LSP. This improvement in thermal properties and tensile strength can be attributed to the strong interfacial bonding between the filler and the matrix, which contributes to the overall compact structure of the biocomposite. Morphological observations confirm the increased interface interaction and uniformity of filler distribution in the composite. These results confirm that lemon skin fibers have positive potential as reinforcements for PVA and cassava starch-based biocomposites, particularly in food packaging applications.
Co-Authors Alahmadi, Mohammed Alfi Hasan Ananda Yuman Hardiansyah Andrianto, Deny Tomy APRIANDY, KEVIN ILHAM Aris Zainul Muttaqin Danang Yudistiro Dedi Dwilaksana Deny Tomy Andrianto Fatah, Ghaibi Alimul Gaguk Jatisukamto Hary Sutjahjono Hasan, Alfi Ilyas, Rushdan Ahmad Juliarsyah, Mohammad Rizanto Juniar Maulana Soliwi Putra Mahros Darsin Midhun Dominic C. D. Mochamad Asrofi Mochamad Asrofi Mochamad Asrofi Muhammad Abduh Muhammad Yusuf Muhammad Yusuf Muhammad Yusuf Permadi, Yayang Puranggo Ganjar Widityo R. A. Ilyas Ramadhana, Firnanda Risky Salahuddin Junus Salahuddin Junus Sari, Sekar Silvi Istiqomah Siswantoro, Dwi Heru Sumardi Sumardi Wibowo, Robertoes Koekoeh Koentjoro Yani, Luluk Fitri Yayang Saif Izzudin Yusvida, Rizka