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The Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Physical Independence among Preschool Children Aged 3–5 Years at Bukit Mulia School, North Jakarta Dwi Putri Milla Puspita Ayu; Roza Indra Yeni
Golden Ratio of Data in Summary Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): August - October
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grdis.v6i4.1374

Abstract

Independence is an individual's ability to regulate and manage themselves without relying on their parents. The development of children's personality, particularly their independence, is strongly influenced by the parenting style practiced within the family. Appropriate parenting can enhance children's independence, whereas inappropriate parenting may hinder its development. This study aimed to determine the relationship between parenting styles and the level of physical independence among preschool children aged 3–5 years at Bukit Mulia School, North Jakarta. This study employed a quantitative correlational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. Total sampling was used, involving 55 respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using the Chi-square test at a significance level of 0.05. Most respondents demonstrated good parenting, and 26 children (89.7%) were classified as physically independent. The Chi-square analysis yielded p = 0.000 < 0.05, with no cells having an expected count of zero. There was a significant relationship between parenting styles and physical independence among children aged 3–5 years at Bukit Mulia School, North Jakarta.
Overview of Mothers’ Knowledge Regarding the Fulfillment of Nutritional Needs among Toddlers in Kapuk Village, Cengkareng Public Health Center Working Area, West Jakarta Elvi Tasari; Roza Indra Yeni
Golden Ratio of Data in Summary Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): August - October
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grdis.v6i4.1400

Abstract

Nutritional status plays an important role in children’s growth and development. Mothers’ knowledge of nutrition is a key factor in meeting toddlers’ nutritional needs. This study describes mothers’ level of knowledge regarding the fulfillment of toddlers’ nutritional needs in Kapuk Village, within the working area of Cengkareng Public Health Center, West Jakarta. This quantitative descriptive study involved 99 mothers of toddlers selected using accidental sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire on toddler nutrition knowledge and analyzed using descriptive statistics. A total of 62.6% of mothers had good knowledge of toddler nutrition, 29.3% had moderate knowledge, and 8.1% had poor knowledge. In this study, 62.6% of mothers demonstrated good knowledge. Mothers are expected to continue improving their knowledge regarding the fulfillment of their toddlers’ nutritional needs.