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All Journal Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Jurnal Fish Protech Abdi: Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Jurnal Abdi Insani Juvenil: Jurnal Ilmiah Kelautan dan Perikanan Journal of Fish Health
Desy Arisandi
Teknologi Hasil Perikanan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Brawijaya
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent–Extracted Old and Young Mangrove Avicennia marina Leaves: Comparative Antibacterial Activity Against Propionibacterium acnes Djamaludin, Heder; Firdaus, Shelina Innasa; Suprayitno, Eddy; Yahya, Yahya; Arisandi, Desy; Ahmad, Mirza Gulam; Tambunan, Jeny Ernawati; Ahmad, Nurul Hawa; Ramli, Nurul Shazini; Kartikaningsih, Hartati
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 3
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.15.03.13

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory skin disorder largely associated with the proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes. Although antibiotics are widely used for acne treatment, the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the exploration of effective natural alternatives. Mangrove plants are known to contain diverse bioactive compounds with antimicrobial potential. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) extracts derived from young and old leaves of Avicennia marina against P. acnes. Extraction was conducted using citric acid–glucose-based NADES with different molar ratios: P1 (1:1), P2 (2:1), P3 (3:1), and P4 (4:1), to assess the effect of solvent composition on antibacterial performance. Antibacterial activity was determined using inhibition zone assays, while molecular docking analysis was performed to investigate interactions between extracted metabolites and P. acnes target proteins. The results showed that both young and old leaf extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity, strongly influenced by the NADES formulation. Young leaf extracts produced the largest inhibition zone with the P4 formulation (24.51±0.75 mm) and the smallest with P1 (21.63±0.67 mm). Similarly, old leaf extracts showed maximum inhibition in P4 (37.38±4.34 mm) and minimum inhibition in P1 (22.62±1.40 mm). Increasing the proportion of citric acid enhanced the extraction of bioactive compounds responsible for antibacterial activity. Molecular docking confirmed strong binding affinities between key metabolites and P. acnes target proteins, supporting the experimental findings. Thus, NADES extracts of A. marina leaves, particularly those prepared using a 4:1 citric acid–glucose ratio, demonstrate strong potential as natural antibacterial agents for acne prevention and treatment.
Co-Authors Afrilia, Hefni Citra Ahmad, Mirza Gulam Ahmad, Nurul Hawa Amini, Luthfiah Andreas Rafael Anies Chamidah Anies Chamidah Aris Munandar Dini Surilayani, Dini Djamaludin, Heder Eddy Suprayitno Eddy Suprayitno Fahri Sinulingga Febrian Salim Prasetyo Firdaus, Shelina Innasa Gevbry Ranti Ramadhani Simamora Gilang Rusrita Aida Gilang Rusrita Aida Ginanjar Pratama Gulam Ahmad, Mirza Hardoko Hardoko Hardoko Hartati Kartikaningsih Hartati Kartikaningsih Heder Djamaludin Heder Djamaludin Intan Salsabila, Cahya Jeny Ernawati Tambunan Jeny Ernawati Tambunan Kartikaningsih, Hartati Kristina Marsela Kristina Marsela M. Zainul Arifin Meata, Bhatara Ayi Mirza Gulam Ahmad Mirza Gulam Ahmad Muhamad Firdaus Muhammad Luthfi Denendra Nuryadin, Devi Faustine Elvina Perdana, Angga Wira Putri, Anne Mumtaza Ramli, Nurul Shazini Ravika Indah Kharisma Romadhon, Haydar Zakaryya Sakinah Haryati Supriatna Supriatna Tambunan, Jeny Ernawati Titik Dwi Sulistiyati Udin, Ato Yahya Yahya Yunita Eka Puspitasari