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Rahayu , Yayuk Putri
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum dan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum Ekstrak dan Nanopartikel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kubis (Brassica oleracea L.) Terhadap Malassezia furfur Rafika, Intan Maya; Rahayu , Yayuk Putri; Nasution , Haris Munandar; Miswanda, Dikki
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i2.874

Abstract

Background: Dandruff is a condition characterized by excessive shedding of dead skin cells on the scalp, often accompanied by itching and inflammation. The causes of dandruff can be related to excessive secretion of sweat glands or the presence of microorganisms on the scalp that produce specific metabolites that trigger dandruff formation. The organism believed to be the leading cause of dandruff is Malassezia furfur. Treatment for dandruff can be done through various methods, one of which is using natural extracts, such as ethanol cabbage extract, known for its antifungal properties. In this study, the ethanol cabbage extract will be synthesized into nanoparticle form to enhance its effectiveness. Objective: The objective of this study is to create nanoparticles from ethanol cabbage extract and to compare the antifungal activity of the cabbage extract and the nanoparticle extract of cabbage against Malassezia furfur, focusing on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). Method: This study was conducted experimentally, and two variables were tested. The independent variables included the concentration of cabbage extract (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50%) and nanoparticle cabbage extract (0.625%, 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5%). The dependent variables were the antifungal activity measured by MIC and MFC tests against Malassezia furfur. Nanoparticles were synthesized using the top-down method with high-speed homogenization (HSH) technique. The particle size characterization was performed using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). Results: Particle size characterization showed that the particle size of cabbage extract was 2203.45 nm, while the nanoparticle size after synthesis was 408.33 nm. Based on the MIC and MFC tests, it was found that the nanoparticle ethanol cabbage extract at a concentration of 1.25% was more effective than the ethanol cabbage extract at 12.5%. Additionally, the MFC value of the nanoparticle ethanol cabbage extract at a concentration of 5% was more effective than that of the ethanol cabbage extract at 50%. Both preparations demonstrated good sensitivity against Malassezia furfur. Conclusion: Nanoparticle ethanol cabbage extract showed better antifungal activity than the ethanol cabbage extract at higher concentrations. These results indicate that using nanoparticles can reduce the required dosage to achieve optimal effectiveness, thus improving the efficiency of the drug in dandruff treatment.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksinasi Alkaloid Ekstrak Kulit Kayu Raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon Pierre) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus Salwa, Shakhila; Daulay , Anny Sartika; Rahayu , Yayuk Putri; Ridwanto, Ridwanto
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 3 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i3.951

Abstract

Background: Indonesia is rich in medicinal plants, including Cotylelobium melanoxylon Pierre (raru bark), traditionally used to treat diarrhea, malaria, and diabetes. However, scientific validation of its alkaloid compounds and antibacterial potential is still limited. Objective: This study aimed to (1) fractionate alkaloids from raru bark extract using chloroform liquid-liquid extraction, (2) identify alkaloid functional groups via FT-IR spectroscopy, (3) quantify alkaloid levels in ethanol and methanol extracts using UV spectrophotometry, and (4) evaluate their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: The research stages included plant material processing, ethanol/methanol extraction, phytochemical screening, alkaloid fractionation with chloroform, FT-IR analysis, UV spectrophotometry for alkaloid quantification, and antibacterial testing via disc diffusion at 40%, 50%, and 60% concentrations. Results: Alkaloid fractions were successfully isolated, containing functional groups N-H, C-N, C=O, aromatic C=C, and sharp C=O. The methanol extract yielded higher alkaloid levels (21.03 ± 0.10%) than ethanol (18.95 ± 0.09%). The 50% alkaloid fraction showed the strongest antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 21.1 mm (E. coli) and 23.1 mm (S. aureus). Conclusion: Raru bark alkaloids exhibit significant antibacterial effects, with methanol extract demonstrating superior alkaloid content and efficacy.
Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum dan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum Ekstrak dan Nanopartikel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Nurmala, Syandoval Triska Ananda; Rahayu , Yayuk Putri; Pulungan, Ainil Fithri; Miswanda, Dikki
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 3 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i3.999

Abstract

Background: Fungal infections, particularly those caused by Candida albicans, are a significant health problem in tropical countries such as Indonesia. Humid environmental conditions, inadequate sanitation, high population density, and low socioeconomic levels contribute to the high prevalence of fungal infections. Papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) are known to contain bioactive compounds with antifungal potential; however, their effectiveness can be enhanced through nanoparticle formulation. Objective: This study aimed to formulate nanoparticles of ethanol extract from papaya leaves and evaluate their antifungal activity against Candida albicans by comparing the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) values between the conventional extract and the nanoparticle extract. Methods: This experimental study utilized ethanol extract of papaya leaves and its nanoparticle formulation at varying concentrations. Particle size was characterized using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). Antifungal activity was tested against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 using broth and agar dilution methods as well as the disk diffusion method. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: The nanoparticle extract exhibited a smaller particle size (330.27 nm) compared to the conventional extract (2203.45 nm). The MIC of the nanoparticle extract (1.25%) was lower than that of the conventional extract (12.5%), while the MFC of the nanoparticle extract (5%) was equivalent to that of the conventional extract (50%). The disk diffusion test showed that the 5% nanoparticle extract had an inhibition zone of 21.6 mm, classified as sensitive and comparable to the 50% conventional extract. Conclusion: The nanoparticle formulation of papaya leaf extract enhanced antifungal efficacy, enabling a tenfold dose reduction compared to the conventional extract. These findings highlight the potential of nanoparticles as a more efficient alternative therapy for fungal infections.
Co-Authors Daulay , Anny Sartika Dikki Miswanda Fithri Pulungan, Ainil Haris Munandar Nasution Nurmala, Syandoval Triska Ananda Rafika, Intan Maya Ridwanto Ridwanto Salwa, Shakhila