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All Journal Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Selma Fajic
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Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Social Sciences

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Harnessing the Digital Revolution for Agricultural Succession: A Multi-Site Mixed-Method Study of the 'Petani Muda Keren' (PMK) Community Network and Youth Engagement in Indonesian Food Andi Fatihah Syahrir; Neva Dian Permana; Muhammad Faiz; Selma Fajic
Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/icejournal.v5i1.52

Abstract

Indonesia faces a critical agricultural succession crisis, with an aging farmer population threatening the nation's long-term food security (SDG 2). Digital agrifood systems (DAS) are posited as a solution to attract youth, but adoption is uneven, and the socio-structural mechanisms facilitating this transition are poorly understood. This study investigates the role of the 'Petani Muda Keren' (PMK - Cool Young Farmers) community network, a rapidly growing grassroots movement, in bridging this gap. We employed a multi-site (West Java, Yogyakarta, West Sumatra) sequential explanatory mixed-method design. First, a quantitative survey (N=300) was conducted with PMK members (n=150) and a matched control group of non-member young farmers (n=150). We used descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression to analyze differences in digital adoption, productivity, and income. Second, qualitative data from 30 in-depth interviews and 6 focus group discussions with PMK leaders, members, village officials, and Ministry of Agriculture representatives were analyzed using thematic analysis to explain the quantitative findings. PMK members demonstrated significantly (p<0.001) higher adoption scores for digital technologies (such as e-commerce, farm management apps, and IoT sensors). On average, PMK members reported 34.5% higher monthly incomes and 22.8% greater farm productivity compared to non-members. The OLS regression model, controlling for education, farm size, and access to credit, confirmed that PMK membership (β=0.282, p<0.01) is a significant positive predictor of farmer income, distinct from the independent, positive effect of the digital adoption score (β=0.347, p<0.001). Qualitative analysis revealed three core mechanisms: (1) peer-to-peer mentorship de-risking technology adoption, (2) collective action for market access via network-branded e-commerce, and (3) the socio-psychological construction of a modern, 'cool' professional farmer identity. In conclusion, community-based networks like PMK function as critical social infrastructure. They are not merely passive adopters of technology but active "social bridges" that translate digital potential into tangible economic and social outcomes. They de-risk digital adoption, aggregate market power, and reframe agriculture as a high-status, viable career for the next generation. Policies aiming to achieve SDG 2 must move beyond simple technology dissemination and invest in fostering and scaling these vital social learning and innovation ecosystems.
Resource Nationalism, Enclave Industrialization, and Regional Divergence: A Spatial Econometric Assessment of Indonesia's Hilirisasi Mandate Iqbal Anugerah; Selma Fajic
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v9i1.316

Abstract

Indonesia's hilirisasi (downstreaming) mandate, enforced through a definitive nickel mineral export ban from January 2020, represents one of the most consequential applications of resource nationalism in contemporary Southeast Asian political economy. While aggregate indicators documented substantial Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows into metallurgical industrial parks, the sub-national distributional consequences remained critically underexplored prior to this study. Employing a Spatial Durbin Difference-in-Differences (SDM-DiD) framework applied to a balanced provincial panel of 34 Indonesian provinces across the period 2015 to 2024 (N = 340 observations), this study empirically decomposed the direct, indirect (spatial spillover), and total effects of the export ban on regional economic growth and income inequality. The treatment group comprised the three primary nickel-downstreaming hub provinces: Central Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, and North Maluku. Moran's I statistics confirmed significant spatial autocorrelation across all study years (range: 0.245-0.312, p < 0.001), validating the spatial modeling approach. The SDM-DiD estimation revealed a significant positive direct effect on regional GDP per capita in treated provinces (beta = 0.084, SE = 0.019, p < 0.001), confirming localized growth. However, the spatial spillover effect was significantly negative (theta = -0.052, SE = 0.021, p = 0.013), documenting a pronounced backwash effect on adjacent provinces. Within treated regions, income inequality widened significantly (Gini direct effect: beta = 0.018, p < 0.001), driven by skill-biased structural transformation associated with capital-intensive smelting operations. These findings established that Indonesia's hilirisasi mandate functions structurally as an enclave industrialization model, generating spatial polarization rather than inclusive regional development. Inter-regional fiscal equalization, enforceable backward linkage obligations, and peripheral human capital investment are identified as critical complementary policy mechanisms.
Resource Nationalism, Enclave Industrialization, and Regional Divergence: A Spatial Econometric Assessment of Indonesia's Hilirisasi Mandate Iqbal Anugerah; Selma Fajic
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v9i1.316

Abstract

Indonesia's hilirisasi (downstreaming) mandate, enforced through a definitive nickel mineral export ban from January 2020, represents one of the most consequential applications of resource nationalism in contemporary Southeast Asian political economy. While aggregate indicators documented substantial Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows into metallurgical industrial parks, the sub-national distributional consequences remained critically underexplored prior to this study. Employing a Spatial Durbin Difference-in-Differences (SDM-DiD) framework applied to a balanced provincial panel of 34 Indonesian provinces across the period 2015 to 2024 (N = 340 observations), this study empirically decomposed the direct, indirect (spatial spillover), and total effects of the export ban on regional economic growth and income inequality. The treatment group comprised the three primary nickel-downstreaming hub provinces: Central Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, and North Maluku. Moran's I statistics confirmed significant spatial autocorrelation across all study years (range: 0.245-0.312, p < 0.001), validating the spatial modeling approach. The SDM-DiD estimation revealed a significant positive direct effect on regional GDP per capita in treated provinces (beta = 0.084, SE = 0.019, p < 0.001), confirming localized growth. However, the spatial spillover effect was significantly negative (theta = -0.052, SE = 0.021, p = 0.013), documenting a pronounced backwash effect on adjacent provinces. Within treated regions, income inequality widened significantly (Gini direct effect: beta = 0.018, p < 0.001), driven by skill-biased structural transformation associated with capital-intensive smelting operations. These findings established that Indonesia's hilirisasi mandate functions structurally as an enclave industrialization model, generating spatial polarization rather than inclusive regional development. Inter-regional fiscal equalization, enforceable backward linkage obligations, and peripheral human capital investment are identified as critical complementary policy mechanisms.
Co-Authors Andi Fatihah Syahrir Iqbal Anugerah Neva Dian Permana