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The Halal Field: Piety Signaling, Symbolic Boundaries, and the Market-Mediated Stratification of Urban Indonesia Bimala Putri; Fitriyanti Fitriyanti; Henry Peter Paul; Harun Urrashid
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 8 No. 4 (2025): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v8i4.296

Indonesia's mandatory Halal certification policy represents a critical juncture of state governance, religious practice, and neoliberal market forces. This study moves beyond a purely economic or policy-based analysis to investigate how this regulation functions as a powerful engine of social stratification. We examine the process by which Halal certification creates a new social field of consumption, reshaping class distinctions and religious expression in urban Indonesia. A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was employed in Jakarta and Makassar. The quantitative phase involved a survey of 500 urban consumers selected via multi-stage stratified sampling. Key variables, including Socio-Economic Status (SES) and Religiosity, were constructed as composite indices. Logistic regression and a Two-Step Cluster Analysis, justified by Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and silhouette coefficients, were used to identify consumer patterns. The qualitative phase comprised 30 in-depth semi-structured interviews and over 100 hours of participant observation, with a specific focus on the gendered dynamics of consumption. Quantitative analysis reveals that SES is the strongest predictor of willingness to pay a premium for Halal-certified products (OR=2.89, p<0.001). Cluster analysis identified three distinct consumer profiles: the 'Conscious Cosmopolitans', 'Pious Pragmatists', and 'Market Traditionalists'. Qualitative findings illuminate how the Halal logo has been symbolically transformed from a religious marker into a signifier of quality, modernity, and class. This enables "piety signaling," a gendered performance of social status. In conclusion, Halal certification is not a neutral regulatory tool but an active force in social structuration. It creates a new field of distinction where "Halal capital" is used to perform symbolic boundary-work, legitimizing inequality through the moral language of piety. This study contributes a novel theoretical framework for understanding how state-regulated religion intersects with consumer capitalism to forge new, intersectional hierarchies of class and gender in the contemporary Muslim world.

The Halal Field: Piety Signaling, Symbolic Boundaries, and the Market-Mediated Stratification of Urban Indonesia Bimala Putri; Fitriyanti Fitriyanti; Henry Peter Paul; Harun Urrashid
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 8 No. 4 (2025): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v8i4.296

Indonesia's mandatory Halal certification policy represents a critical juncture of state governance, religious practice, and neoliberal market forces. This study moves beyond a purely economic or policy-based analysis to investigate how this regulation functions as a powerful engine of social stratification. We examine the process by which Halal certification creates a new social field of consumption, reshaping class distinctions and religious expression in urban Indonesia. A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was employed in Jakarta and Makassar. The quantitative phase involved a survey of 500 urban consumers selected via multi-stage stratified sampling. Key variables, including Socio-Economic Status (SES) and Religiosity, were constructed as composite indices. Logistic regression and a Two-Step Cluster Analysis, justified by Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and silhouette coefficients, were used to identify consumer patterns. The qualitative phase comprised 30 in-depth semi-structured interviews and over 100 hours of participant observation, with a specific focus on the gendered dynamics of consumption. Quantitative analysis reveals that SES is the strongest predictor of willingness to pay a premium for Halal-certified products (OR=2.89, p<0.001). Cluster analysis identified three distinct consumer profiles: the 'Conscious Cosmopolitans', 'Pious Pragmatists', and 'Market Traditionalists'. Qualitative findings illuminate how the Halal logo has been symbolically transformed from a religious marker into a signifier of quality, modernity, and class. This enables "piety signaling," a gendered performance of social status. In conclusion, Halal certification is not a neutral regulatory tool but an active force in social structuration. It creates a new field of distinction where "Halal capital" is used to perform symbolic boundary-work, legitimizing inequality through the moral language of piety. This study contributes a novel theoretical framework for understanding how state-regulated religion intersects with consumer capitalism to forge new, intersectional hierarchies of class and gender in the contemporary Muslim world.

Beyond Financial Constraints: Economic Precarity, Psychological Safety, and the ‘Marriage Postponement’ Phenomenon—A Cox Proportional Hazards Analysis of Gen Z’s Life Transitions in Urban Indonesia Hanifah Yasin; Henry Peter Paul; Harun Urrashid; Amir Serikova
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 8 No. 5 (2025): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v8i5.307

Indonesia is witnessing a significant demographic shift where Gen Z increasingly delays marriage, a departure from traditional norms. This study investigates how economic precarity—characterized by job instability and rising living costs—impacts the timing of marital transitions. Utilizing a longitudinal dataset of 1,500 urban-dwelling Gen Z individuals (ages 18–28) in Jakarta, Surabaya, and Bandung, this research employs Survival Analysis, specifically Kaplan-Meier and Cox Proportional Hazards models, to identify the hazard of marriage relative to economic indicators. The findings reveal that Gig Economy employment reduces the marriage hazard rate by 42 percent compared to formal sector employment. High debt-to-income ratios and housing unaffordability are identified as primary predictors of postponement. Interestingly, female Gen Zers with high educational attainment show a higher propensity for postponement, citing the double burden of domestic and professional roles. In conclusion, marriage in urban Indonesia is no longer just a social milestone but a calculated economic risk. Policy interventions should focus on housing stability and formalizing the informal labor market to support demographic sustainability.

Beyond Financial Constraints: Economic Precarity, Psychological Safety, and the ‘Marriage Postponement’ Phenomenon—A Cox Proportional Hazards Analysis of Gen Z’s Life Transitions in Urban Indonesia Hanifah Yasin; Henry Peter Paul; Harun Urrashid; Amir Serikova
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 8 No. 5 (2025): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v8i5.307

Indonesia is witnessing a significant demographic shift where Gen Z increasingly delays marriage, a departure from traditional norms. This study investigates how economic precarity—characterized by job instability and rising living costs—impacts the timing of marital transitions. Utilizing a longitudinal dataset of 1,500 urban-dwelling Gen Z individuals (ages 18–28) in Jakarta, Surabaya, and Bandung, this research employs Survival Analysis, specifically Kaplan-Meier and Cox Proportional Hazards models, to identify the hazard of marriage relative to economic indicators. The findings reveal that Gig Economy employment reduces the marriage hazard rate by 42 percent compared to formal sector employment. High debt-to-income ratios and housing unaffordability are identified as primary predictors of postponement. Interestingly, female Gen Zers with high educational attainment show a higher propensity for postponement, citing the double burden of domestic and professional roles. In conclusion, marriage in urban Indonesia is no longer just a social milestone but a calculated economic risk. Policy interventions should focus on housing stability and formalizing the informal labor market to support demographic sustainability.

Digital Visibility, Algorithmic Misclassification, and Welfare Exclusion Among Informal Workers: A Mixed-Methods Study in Indonesia Harun Urrashid; Fitriyanti Fitriyanti
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 9 No. 3 (2026): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v9i3.325

Background: Algorithmic governance is reshaping social protection, yet the distributive consequences of automated welfare targeting in the Global South remain poorly understood. The study was grounded in street-level bureaucracy and procedural-justice theory. Objective: To examine whether digital transaction visibility and employment informality predict false-negative welfare exclusion, whether perceived algorithmic misclassification mediates these effects, and whether algorithmic procedural justice moderates them. Methods: An explanatory-sequential mixed-methods design combined an audit of 2,500 automated eligibility decisions with a cross-sectional survey of 640 household heads served by a public organization in Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia (response rate 84.2%), and phenomenological interviews with false-negative cases. Results: All scales were reliable (Cronbach's alpha 0.79-0.88). The audit found 72.3% aggregate accuracy and a 23.4% false-negative rate, rising to 55.1% among undocumented households. Employment informality (beta=0.28), misclassification (beta=0.31), and digital transaction visibility (beta=0.19) positively predicted exclusion, while procedural justice was protective (beta=-0.22); the model explained 52% of variance (F(9,630)=75.84, p<0.001). Misclassification partially mediated the informality-exclusion link (indirect effect=0.17, 95% CI [0.12, 0.23]), procedural justice buffered it (interaction beta=-0.14, p=0.002), and non-digital informal workers had 4.27 times higher exclusion odds (95% CI [2.98, 6.12]). Interviews showed that gross e-wallet throughput was misread as income and frontline discretion collapsed into a computer-says-no bureaucracy. Conclusion: Algorithmic unfairness in Indonesia reflects parameterization bias against informal livelihoods. Welfare systems should restore conditional human-in-the-loop discretion and accessible appeal mechanisms.

Digital Visibility, Algorithmic Misclassification, and Welfare Exclusion Among Informal Workers: A Mixed-Methods Study in Indonesia Harun Urrashid; Fitriyanti Fitriyanti
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 9 No. 3 (2026): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v9i3.325

Background: Algorithmic governance is reshaping social protection, yet the distributive consequences of automated welfare targeting in the Global South remain poorly understood. The study was grounded in street-level bureaucracy and procedural-justice theory. Objective: To examine whether digital transaction visibility and employment informality predict false-negative welfare exclusion, whether perceived algorithmic misclassification mediates these effects, and whether algorithmic procedural justice moderates them. Methods: An explanatory-sequential mixed-methods design combined an audit of 2,500 automated eligibility decisions with a cross-sectional survey of 640 household heads served by a public organization in Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia (response rate 84.2%), and phenomenological interviews with false-negative cases. Results: All scales were reliable (Cronbach's alpha 0.79-0.88). The audit found 72.3% aggregate accuracy and a 23.4% false-negative rate, rising to 55.1% among undocumented households. Employment informality (beta=0.28), misclassification (beta=0.31), and digital transaction visibility (beta=0.19) positively predicted exclusion, while procedural justice was protective (beta=-0.22); the model explained 52% of variance (F(9,630)=75.84, p<0.001). Misclassification partially mediated the informality-exclusion link (indirect effect=0.17, 95% CI [0.12, 0.23]), procedural justice buffered it (interaction beta=-0.14, p=0.002), and non-digital informal workers had 4.27 times higher exclusion odds (95% CI [2.98, 6.12]). Interviews showed that gross e-wallet throughput was misread as income and frontline discretion collapsed into a computer-says-no bureaucracy. Conclusion: Algorithmic unfairness in Indonesia reflects parameterization bias against informal livelihoods. Welfare systems should restore conditional human-in-the-loop discretion and accessible appeal mechanisms.

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