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All Journal Kanz Philosophia: A Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism NUKHBATUL 'ULUM : Jurnal Bidang Kajian Islam
Muhammad, Allan
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Religion Arts Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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Spiritual Equilibrium: Syaikh Abdurrauf Singkel’s Concept of Tazkiyat al-Nafs Ihsan, Nur Hadi; Muhammad, Allan; Kaplan, Muhammed Nur; Zarkasyi, Arif Afandi
Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Humaniora - UIN Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/tos.v14i1.26301

Abstract

The pursuit of worldly abundance and immersion in fleeting pleasures has quietly shaped the spirit of contemporary society, leading to a subtle yet profound imbalance within the human soul. By placing transitory possessions and temporal delights at the center of life's purpose, these tendencies have contributed to a deep spiritual estrangement. This study examines Syaikh Abdurrauf Singkel's concept of Tazkiyat al-nafs (soul purification) as a comprehensive spiritual framework for restoring harmony between the material and the spiritual. Drawing upon Singkel's Sufi teachings, this research explores how his methodology offers a pathway toward Insān kāmil (the perfect human)—a being who integrates worldly responsibilities with elevated spiritual consciousness. Employing a qualitative-descriptive approach through library research, the study analyzes Singkel's seminal works, including Tanbīh al-Mashyī, Mir'at al-Ṭullāb, Daqāiq al-Ḥurūf, and 'Umdat al-Muhtājīn. The findings reveal how classical Islamic spiritual disciplines—dhikr (remembrance of God), muhāsaba (self-reflection), murāqaba (divine vigilance), and tawakkal (trust in God)—serve as an enduring guide to addressing the restlessness born of excessive worldly attachment and the allure of transient joys, offering a balanced and timeless path toward inner peace in the modern age. Contribution: This study reintroduces Syaikh Abdurrauf Singkel’s concept of Tazkiyat al-nafs as a spiritual response to the prevailing pursuit of worldly abundance and immersion in fleeting pleasures, offering a practical Sufi framework rooted in Islamic tradition to guide individuals toward Insān kāmil in today’s consumer-oriented society.
Islamization of the Invinsible Hand Concept by Adam Smith: A Reconstruction towards Islamic Key Principles Muhammad Faqih Nidzom; Muhammad, Allan; Kamil, Rizvan Falah
NUKHBATUL 'ULUM: Jurnal Bidang Kajian Islam Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): NUKHBATUL 'ULUM: Jurnal Bidang Kajian Islam
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (P3M) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Islam dan Bahasa Arab (STIBA) Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36701/nukhbah.v11i2.2475

Abstract

This study aims to Islamize Adam Smith’s concept of the invisible hand, which has long been regarded as a central pillar of capitalist economic theory. The invisible hand describes a free market mechanism in which individuals pursuing self-interest unintentionally contribute to collective welfare. While this theory emphasizes efficiency, it has been criticized for neglecting morality, justice, and equity. From an Islamic economic perspective, these dimensions are essential, as economic activity must be aligned with values of tawḥīd (monotheism), justice, and social responsibility. The research employs a qualitative approach through literature review and conceptual analysis. The literature review examines Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations and The Theory of Moral Sentiments, alongside classical and contemporary Islamic economic writings. Conceptual analysis is then used to assess the compatibility between the invisible hand and Islamic principles, particularly the role of zakat, ḥisbah, and maqāṣid al-Syarīʿah in shaping economic justice and social welfare. The results show that Smith’s invisible hand can be reconstructed by integrating Islamic values, thereby producing a more equitable economic model. While self-interest remains a driving force for efficiency, Islamic principles such as distributive justice through zakat, ethical oversight through ḥisbah, and alignment with maqāṣid al-Syarīʿah ensure that markets also serve moral and social objectives. The implication of this study is twofold: theoretically, it contributes to the enrichment of Islamic economic thought; practically, it offers policymakers an alternative framework for designing economic systems that are not only efficient but also just and welfare-oriented.
الفلسفة الماركسية وموقف مفكري المسلمين منها:دراسة تحليلية نقدية: Marxist Philosophy and Islam's Stance on It: A Critical-Analytical Study Zarkasyi, Amal Fathullah; Aidil Putra Syurbakti; Muhammad, Allan
NUKHBATUL 'ULUM: Jurnal Bidang Kajian Islam Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): NUKHBATUL 'ULUM: Jurnal Bidang Kajian Islam
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (P3M) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Islam dan Bahasa Arab (STIBA) Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36701/nukhbah.v11i2.2476

Abstract

This research aims to study Marxism as a philosophical and social movement that emerged in the 19th century in response to the economic and social transformations brought about by the Industrial Revolution, and to analyze its theoretical structure in light of its central concepts such as dialectical materialism, historical materialism, and class struggle. The researcher adopted a comparative analytical approach, through a critical reading of classical Marxist texts and comparing them with Islamic intellectual positions, to reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the Marxist interpretation of man and society. The results showed that Marxism has made an important contribution to the analysis of economic injustice and the critique of capitalism through the concept of the exploitation of the working class and the accumulation of capital. However, it remains limited because it interprets history from a purely materialistic perspective and neglects the spiritual and metaphysical dimensions of human existence. The research also showed that Islamic thought, on the other hand, offers an integrative vision that reconciles the material and the spiritual, restoring social justice to its ethical and spiritual dimension. The scientific importance of this research lies in its contribution to renewing the dialogue between Marxist and Islamic thought and highlighting the need to develop an alternative epistemological model that balances economic analysis and human values, in line with contemporary challenges such as globalization, environmental crises, and digital transformations.
ISLAMIC PSYCHOLOGY OF ABŪ ZAYD AL-BALKHĪ AS A FRAMEWORK FOR OVERCOMING DEPRESSION, STRESS, AND SOCIAL ISOLATION Arroisi, Jarman; Muhammad, Allan
Kanz Philosophia: A Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Sadra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20871/kpjipm.v11i2.459

Abstract

The contemporary global mental health crisis—marked by rising rates of depression, chronic stress, and social disconnection—calls for approaches that integrate biological, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions of human well-being. This study revisits the biopsychological framework of Abū Zayd al-Balkhī (850–934 CE), articulated in Maṣāliḥ al-Abdān wa al-Anfus, to assess its relevance for contemporary challenges. Drawing on a qualitative literature review and comparative analysis, the research highlights how al-Balkhī’s classifications of ḥuzn (sorrow/depression), waswasah (obsessive rumination), and faza‘ (panic) bear conceptual parallels to modern diagnostic categories, while his therapeutic strategies—including cognitive reflection, behavioral regulation, spiritual devotion, and social companionship—demonstrate an integrative orientation that resonates with, but is not reducible to, contemporary therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), positive psychology, and mindfulness. The paper also underscores the epistemological and clinical challenges of adapting al-Balkhī’s framework today. These include differences in ontology and methodology, terminological disparities with DSM/ICD systems, lack of empirical validation, and the risk of decontextualization if his thought is applied without critical adaptation. Nevertheless, the study argues that al-Balkhī’s synthesis of Qur’anic theology, Greco-Arabic medicine, and philosophical rationalism offers valuable resources for developing culturally resonant and ethically grounded models of care. His legacy can enrich mental health discourse in Muslim-majority contexts and pluralistic societies alike, provided it is engaged reflexively, critically, and in dialogue with contemporary clinical evidence.
Co-Authors Aidil Putra Syurbakti Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi Ihsan, Nur Hadi Jarman Arroisi Kamil, Rizvan Falah Kaplan, Muhammed Nur Muhammad Faqih Nidzom Zarkasyi, Arif Afandi